Standard 802.3 and 802.11

802.
3 standard
Ethernet-based networking specifications are defined in IEEE 802.3. This
standard describes the series of digital bits that travel over the cable. Ethernet
is unique in its method of accessing the cable. IEEE 802.3 and its variants gain
use of the cable by competing for it. This system is called Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).
In practice, CSMA/CD requires that each host that wants to use the cable first
listen to it to determine if it is clean. When it is clean, the host can transmit.
Because there is a possibility that another station may have made a
transmission simultaneously, each transmitting station listens to the wire as it
sends the first part of its message. If it hears no other signals, it continues until
the message ends, and then begins the process again for the next message. IF
the station hears another signal while it is still transmitting, it stops transmitting.
The station then sends a jam signal. All stations that hear the jam signal delete
the partially received packet and wait a random period before beginning
transmission again.
This method of communication is called non-deterministic, that is, you cannot

predict which station will transmit and when it will transmit. However, each
station at some point in time will have the opportunity to transmit. The
advantage of this system is that it runs itself without requiring any
administration.
This type of access method has disadvantages. Every time a station transmits
over the cable, there is a chance that its data will collide with others.
Additionally, when stations retransmit, each retransmission could also suffer
from collisions. Therefore, it is important that all wiring is technically sound. Any
message that is lost due to wiring failures will force packet retransmission. This
should not be taken lightly. Collisions and retransmissions contribute
significantly to cable congestion, which in turn reduces network speeds. It is
estimated that if just one percent of the cable's bundles are damaged,
performance will decline by 75%.
IEEE 802.3 is the model for dozens of Ethernet variants, including those that
use thicknet, thinnet, UTP, and fiber optic cable.
IEEE 802.3 defines the following cabling standards for LANs operating at
a baseband signaling rate of 10 or 100 Mbps, called 10Base or 100Base:
 10Base2 – Uses thinnet cabling with a maximum segment length of 185

m, and is used with physical bus topology and logical bus topology.
 10Base5 – Uses thinnet cabling with a maximum segment length of 500
m, and is used with physical bus topology and logical bus topology.
 10Base-T – Uses Category 3, 5, 5e, or 6 UTP cabling with a maximum
segment length of 100 m and is used with physical or extended star
topology and logical bus topology.
 10Base-FL – Uses multimode fiber optic cabling operating at 850 nm.
The maximum distance from a NIC to a hub is 2000 meters.
 100Base-TX – Uses Category 5, 5e, or 6 UTP cabling with a maximum
segment length of 100 m, and is used with physical or extended star
topology and logical bus topology.
 100Base-FX – Uses multimode fiber optic cabling operating at 1300 nm
with an unspecified maximum segment length, which depends on the use
of a Class I or Class II nox hub.
 1000Base-T – Uses four twisted pairs of copper, Category 5 or higher.
(IEEE 802.3ab)
 1000Base-TX – Uses four twisted pairs of copper, Category 6.
 1000Base-CX – Special Purpose Four Conductor Shielded Cable
Assembly (IEEE 802.3z)
 1000Base-SX – Two optical fibers operating at 850 nm. (IEEE 802.3z)
 1000Base-LX – Two optical fibers operating at 1300 nm. (IEEE 802.3z)
 Ten gigabit Ethernet (10GbE) (IEEE 802.3ae)
802.11 standard
The IEEE 802.11 specification (ISO/IEC 8802-11) is an international standard
that defines the characteristics of a wireless local area network (WLAN). Wi-Fi
(which stands for "Wireless Fidelity", sometimes incorrectly abbreviated WiFi) is
the name of the certification granted by the Wi-Fi Alliance , formerly WECA
(Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance), a group that guarantees compatibility
between devices that use the 802.11 standard. Due to misuse of the terms (and
for marketing reasons) the name of the standard is confused with the name of
the certification. A Wi-Fi network is actually a network that complies with the
802.11 standard.
The 802.11 standard establishes the lower levels of the OSI model for wireless
connections that use electromagnetic waves, for example:
 The physical layer (sometimes abbreviated "PHY" layer) provides three types
of information encoding.
 The data link layer composed of two sublayers: logical link control (LLC) and
medium access control (MAC).
The physical layer defines the radio wave modulation and signaling
characteristics for data transmission while the data link layer defines the
interface between the equipment bus and the physical layer, in particular an
access method similar to used in the Ethernet standard, and the rules for
communication between stations on the network.
Protocol Frequency Sign Maximum data rate

Legacy
2.4GHz FHSS or DSSS 2Mbps
802.11
802.11a 5GHz OFDM 54Mbps
HUMAN RESOURCES
802. 11b. 2.4GHz 11Mbps
DSSS
802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM 54Mbps
2.4 or 5
802.11n OFDM 600 Mbps (theoretical)
GHz
802.11ac 5GHz 256 QAM 1.3Gbps
802.11
 Launched on the market in 1997

 Two types of raw data of 1 and 2 Mbps
 Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) or direct-sequence spread
spectrum (DSSS)
 Three non-overlapping channels in industrial, scientific, medical (ISM)
frequency band 2.4 GHz
 Originally defined carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
(CSMA CA)
802.11a
 In 1999
 Data rates with different types of modulation: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48
and 54 Mbps
 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 52 save
channels
 12 non-overlapping license-free national information infrastructure
(UNII) channels in the 5 GHz frequency band
802. 11b.
 In 1999
 Data rates with different types of modulation: 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps
 High-speed direct sequence diffusion spectrum (HR-DSSS)
802.11g
 Launched on the market in 2003

 Data rates with different types of modulation: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48
and 54 Mbps; can go back to 11Mbps with DSSS and CCK, 5.5, 2 and 1
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with 52 subcarrier
channels; It is compatible with 802. 11b using DSSS and CCK
802.11n
 Data rates with different modulation types: 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 18,
24, 36, 48, 54 Mbps (see table below)
 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) uses multiple
input/multiple output multiplexing (MIMO) and channel bonding (CB).
frequency band of 2.4 GHz.
 12 non-overlapping Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure
(UNII) channels in the 5 GHz frequency band with and without CB.
802.11ac
 Launched on the market in January 2014

 Data rates of different types of modulation; 200 Mbps, 400 Mbps, 433
Mbps, 600 Mbps, 867 Mbps, 1.3 Gbps, see the table below
 24 non-overlapping channels in the unlicensed national information
infrastructure (UNII)
5 GHz band frequency
Antenna transmission /
Mode Maximum speed (Mbps)
Reception regime
1 TX
1 x 1 40MHz 200Mbps
1 Rx
2 TX
2 x 2 40MHz 400Mbps
Rx 2
3 TX
3x3 40MHz 600Mbps
Rx 3
1 TX
1 x 1 80MHz 433Mbps
1 Rx
2 TX
2 x 2 80MHz 866Mbps
Rx 2
3 TX
3 x 3 80MHz 1300Mbps
Rx 3
Comparison of 802.3 and 802.11 standards

WLANs share a similar origin with Ethernet LANs. The IEEE adopted the 802
LAN/MAN portfolio of computer network architecture standards. The two
dominant 802 workgroups are Ethernet 802.3 and WLAN 802.11. However,
there are important differences between them.
WLANs use RF instead of cables in the physical layer and the MAC sublayer of
the data link layer. Compared with cable, RF has the following characteristics:
 RF has no limits, like the limits of a wrapped cable. This allows data frames
transmitted over RF media to be available to anyone who can receive the
RF signal.
 The RF signal is not protected from outside signals, as the cable is in its
insulating jacket. Radios operating independently in the same geographic
area, but with the same or similar RF, may interfere with each other.
 RF transmission is subject to the same challenges inherent to any wave-

based technology, such as commercial radio. For example, as the radio
moves further away from the source, radio stations may begin to play over
each other and static noise may increase. Eventually, the signal is
completely lost. Connected LANs have cables that are of the appropriate
length to maintain signal strength.
 RF bands are regulated differently in each country. The use of WLANs is

subject to additional regulations and sets of standards that do not apply to
wired LANs.
WLANs also differ from wired LANs in the following ways:
 WLANs connect clients to the network through wireless access points

(APs) or a wireless router, rather than through an Ethernet switch.
 WLANs connect mobile devices, which are typically battery-powered, rather
than LAN-connected devices. Wireless NICs tend to reduce the battery life
of mobile devices.
 WLANs support hosts that compete for access to RF media (frequency

bands). To proactively avoid collisions within media, the 802.11 standard
recommends collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) instead of collision detection
(CSMA/CD) for media access.
 WLANs use a different frame format than wired Ethernet LANs. WLANs
require additional information in the Layer 2 header of the frame.
 WLANs have greater privacy concerns because radio frequencies can

travel outside the premises.
Introduction
In this work we will be talking about the 802.3 and 802.11 standards, their
different derivatives, definitions and the differences of each one and the years in
which they appeared. We will also be talking about the differences of each of
the standards, advantages and disadvantages of each one.
Conclusion
In this work we will be talking about the 802.3 and 802.11 standards, their
different derivatives, definitions and the difference between each one and the
years in which they appeared. We will also be talking about the differences of
each of the standards, advantages and disadvantages of each one.

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802.

This method of communication is called non-deterministic, that is, you cannot

 10Base2 – Uses thinnet cabling with a maximum segment length of 185

Protocol Frequency Sign Maximum data rate

 Launched on the market in 1997

 Launched on the market in 2003

 Launched on the market in January 2014

Comparison of 802.3 and 802.11 standards

 RF transmission is subject to the same challenges inherent to any wave-

 RF bands are regulated differently in each country. The use of WLANs is

WLANs also differ from wired LANs in the following ways:

 WLANs connect clients to the network through wireless access points

 WLANs support hosts that compete for access to RF media (frequency

 WLANs have greater privacy concerns because radio frequencies can

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