Flat Slabs

FLAT SLABS
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SEM VI

VISLAVATH PRAVEEN NAIK 62
FLAT SLAB
Flat slab is a reinforced concrete slab supported directly by concrete columns without the use of beams.
Flat slab is defined as one sided or two-sided support system with sheer load of the slab being concentrated on the
supporting columns and a square slab called ‘drop panels’.
Flat Slabs are considered suitable for most of the construction and for asymmetrical column layouts like floors with
curved shapes and ramps etc.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Construction time can be reduced, because of the The slab column connection is not up to the mark
absence of beams creates the making of formwork a lot the case of rigidity compared to column beam
easier and that makes construction economic to some connection
extent Risks of punching shear failure are high due to
Reduction in floor height can be achieved the high shear load concentration around the
Implementation of flat slabs makes the rooms or hall column
very flexible for interior designing and it gives an The performance of flat slab under temperature
attractive pleasant appearance in buildings, also creates loading is poor
good acoustics performance The structural efficiency is less under earthquake
Flats slabs can reduce a considerable amount of dead loading and lateral loads (lateral stiffness are
load and it is beneficial for columns and foundations relatively less)
Easy to install sprinkler and pipes across the ceiling.
FLAT SLAB TYPES
SIMPLE FLAT SLAB

This is the most basic type of flat slab, and it is simply a flat slab of concrete with no additional reinforcements. Simple flat
slabs are typically used for light loads and short spans.
USES:
Used in Residential buildings, Office cubicles and Corridors and walkways etc. where short spans and Light Loads are
necessary
To achieve architectural flexibility, which can be accomplished through open floor plans that also prioritize aesthetic
considerations.
Used in in renovation and retrofitting projects, involving the addition of extra floors and upgrading interior layouts.
FLAT SLAB WITH DROP PANELS
A drop panel and a column capital support this type of slabsThe panel is specified as the slab’s thickened part above the
supporting pa. These panels are an excellent solution to raise the shear strength of the slab.
Moreover, the flat slab with drop panels boosts the negative moment capacity of the structure. It is the bending moment
created by the compression from the tension force from the top side and bottom side of the beam. These flat slabs also
decrease deflection by raising the stiffness of the flat slab on construction sites.
USES:
Increased Load Capacity: : The additional strength provided by drop panels allows flat slabs to support heavier loads
and longer spans, up to 12 meters (40 feet)
Reduced Deflection and Improve Stiffness and Functionality
Architectural Enhancement
used to improve construction efficiency by utilizing prefabricated options and minimizing formwork requirements.
FLAT SLAB WITH COLUMN HEADS
In the flat slab with a column head are reinforced concrete enlargements at the top of the column, an essential part of the
system. These column heads can be developed at any angle for architectural purposes. Nonetheless, if you need designs
on the concrete, you should place the concrete at 45°on on both sides of the column vertically.
USES:
Ideal for heavy equipment, Flat Slab With Column Heads used to improve shear resistance in situations where there is
a concentrated load distribution.
Increase Slab Stiffness by reducing deflection

Architectural Enhancement
FLAT SLAB WITH DROP PANELS AND COLUMN HEADS
This type of flat slab combines the benefits of both drop panels and column heads. It is the most strong and stiff type of
flat slab, and it can be used for the most demanding applications.
USES:
Maximizing Load Capacity and Span (The combination effectively increases load-bearing capacity, allowing flat slabs
to span up to 15 meters (50 feet) or more)
Optimizing Structural Performance with Enhanced Shear Resistance and Reduced Deflection
Architectural Flexibility with Varied Ceiling Designs and Unobstructed Spaces
WHERE FLAT SLABS ARE USED ?
Flat slabs find application in a wide range of construction projects due to their unique advantages. Here are some of the
common places where you might encounter flat slabs:
High-rise
Warehouses and Industrial Bridges and
Buildings
Buildings Ramps
Hotels
Parking Garages Public Spaces(
Auditoriums, convention
Commercial
Educational Institutions centers, and other large
Buildings
gathering spaces)
PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF FLAB SLABS
The construction of flat slabs, while seemingly straightforward due to their absence of beams, involves a number of crucial
steps and considerations to ensure a safe and structurally sound outcome. Here's a breakdown of the key stages:
1. Design and Engineering:
Flat slabs require accurate load calculations, limitations on span length, and careful selection of concrete mix design and
reinforcement detailing.
Factors such as dead weight, live loads, wind or seismic forces, deflection characteristics, and crack resistance
requirements need to be taken into account. Additional reinforcement may be needed if spans exceed safe limits.
2. Formwork and shoring
Formwork and shoring are two essential components of concrete

construction. Choosing the right formwork system depends on the slab
size, complexity, and desired finish. Plywood forms, metal decking, or
precast panels are common options.
Temporary supports, or shoring, are necessary to safely sustain the weight

of wet concrete until it gains sufficient strength. Properly designed and
erected shoring systems are crucial to prevent collapse or excessive
deflection.
3.Reinforcement Placement:
Mesh reinforcement, consisting of steel mesh mats, is typically

implemented throughout the slab to provide tensile strength and resist
cracking. Additionally, depending on the design, extra bars or stirrups might
be necessary around columns, drop panels, or any other areas that require
concentrated reinforcement
.
It's imperative to ensure precise positioning and spacing of all
reinforcement elements to maintain structural integrity and guarantee the
effectiveness of the design.
4.Concreting:
For concrete work, it is crucial to have an appropriate concrete mix with the
right strength and workability for proper flow, filling, and bonding with
reinforcement.
Controlled pouring techniques and proper vibration are also important to
avoid segregation, air pockets, and achieve a smooth, level finish.
5.Curing and Stripping:
Curing: Maintaining proper moisture and temperature conditions during

the curing period is crucial for the concrete to achieve its desired
strength and durability.
Formwork removal: Forms and shoring can only be safely removed
once the concrete has reached sufficient strength, as specified by the
engineer.

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FLAT SLABS

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SEM VI

SIMPLE FLAT SLAB

Reduced Deflection and Improve Stiffness and Functionality

Increase Slab Stiffness by reducing deflection

Architectural Flexibility with Varied Ceiling Designs and Unobstructed Spaces

PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF FLAB SLABS

1. Design and Engineering:

Formwork and shoring are two essential components of concrete

Temporary supports, or shoring, are necessary to safely sustain the weight

Mesh reinforcement, consisting of steel mesh mats, is typically

5.Curing and Stripping:

Curing: Maintaining proper moisture and temperature conditions during

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