Delhi Public School, Jammu Foundation Worksheet History Class 12 Part I: Themes in Indian History UNIT-1: Bricks, Beads and Bones

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, JAMMU
FOUNDATION WORKSHEET
HISTORY
CLASS 12th
PART I: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY
UNIT-1: Bricks, beads and bones

The Harappan civilization
Indus valley civilization is one of the four earliest civilizations of the world along with the
civilization of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and china.
The civilization forms part of the proto-history of India and belongs to the Bronze Age.
Harappan seal is the most unique artifact of the Harappan civilization. It is made of stone
called Steatite.
Named after Harappa, the first site where this unique culture was discovered the
civilization is dated between c. 2600 and 1900 BCE.
These cultures were associated with distinctive pottery, evidence of agriculture and
pastoralism and some crafts.
The Harappan ate wide range of plant and animal products, including fish.
The prevalence of agriculture is indicated by finds of grain.
Terracotta models of the plough have been found at sites in cholistan and at banawali
(Haryana).
Mohenjodaro: A planned urban center
The most unique feature of the Harappan civilization was the development of Urban
centers.
Mohenjodaro is the most well known site but the first sit to be discovered was Harappa.
The Mohenjodaro settlement is divided into two sections, the citadel and the lower town.
One of the most distinctive features of Harappan cities was the drainage system.
Roads and streets were laid out along an approximate 'grid pattern', intersecting at right
angles.
The lower town at Mohenjo-Daro provides examples of residential buildings
On the citadel evidence of structures are found, that they were probably used for special
public purposes.
The great bath was a large rectangular tank in a courtyard surrounded by a corridor on all
four sides.
Seals, script, weights
Seals and sealings were used to facilitate long distance communication. The
script was written from right to left.
Exchanges were regulated by a precise system of weights, usually made of a stone called
chert.
The end of the civilization
By c. 1800 BCE most of the mature Harappan sites in regions such as cholistan had been
abandoned.
Several explanations have been made for these changes like climate change, deforestation,
excessive floods, over use of landscape. But they do not explain the collapse of the entire
civilization.
Cunningham was the first Director General of the Archaeological survey of India (ASI).
John Marshal was the Director General of the Archaeological survey of India (ASI). He
was interested in new findings and looked for patterns of everyday life. He tended to
excavate along regular horizontal units measured uniformly throughout the mound,
ignoring the stratigraphy.
Questions
Q1. Describe any two features of the Harappan cities.
Q2. Mention the articles on which the proof of writing was found.
Q3. What were seals? What were the seals used for?
Q4. Discuss the important features of Harappan drainage system.

Q5. Write a short note on the Great bath of Mohenjodaro.
Q6. Mention the causes of disappearance of the Harappan culture.
Q7. Who was Cunningham?
Q8. Who were shamans?

Q9. ___________ deciphered Brahmi and Kharoshti.
Q10. Who was John Marshal? How did he mark a change in the Indian
Archaeology?
Q11. Who was R.E.M Wheeler? Mention any one of his contribution in the field of
Archeology?
Q12. Harappan people led a prosperous life. Justify with examples. Q13.
Mention any four items found in the graves of the Harappa.
Q14. How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society?
Q15. Compare the Indus valley civilization with other contemporary civilization of the
world.
Q16. What do you know about the economic life of the Harappan civilization. Q17.
Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro. Q18. How do historians
reconstruct the past? Q19. Identify the image
Q20. Identify the image and write its name:

Q21. Define stratigraphy?
Q22. What do understand by the term culture?
Q23. Find the correct matching pair from the following pairs. a) Fire
altars-- Kot Diji b) Terracotta bull - Banawali c) Shell objects—Rakhigarhi
d) Black clay jar—Chanhudaro
Q24. The harappan civilization declined as a result of _______________

.
Q25. The economy of Indus Valley people was based on ____________ .
Hints
Ans l. Citadel and the lower town.
Ans 2. Seals, rim of jars, tablets, etc
Ans3. Long distance communication, used for trade purpose, to identify the owner, etc
Ans4. The drains and streets were laid first and then houses were built along them. Every
house was connected with the street drains. Very long drainage channels were provided.
Etc Ans5. It was in the citadel. It was a rectangular tank.
It was made water tight by using mortar of gypsum.
Ans6. Climatic change, deforestation, Aryan invasion theory, etc
Ans7. Cunningham was the first Director genereal of the Archaelogical survey of
India(ASI).
Ans8. Shamans were those people who claimed to have magical and healing power. They
were men and women both. They claimed to have power of communicating with the other
world.
Ans 9. James princep
Ans10. John Marshal was the Director general of the Archaeological survey of India(ASI).
He was interested in new findings and looked for patterns of everyday life. He tended to
excavate along regular horizontal units measured uniformly throughout the mound,
ignoring the stratigraphy.
Ans11. He rectified the John marshal's excavation and followed straitigraphy of the
mound to excavate.
Ans 12. You can explain the agriculture, crafts and industry, trade and commerce, weight
and measures, profession etc..
Ans 13. Pottery, ornaments, jewellery etc
Ans 14. By studying the burials and artifacts.
Ans15. Compare it with Mesopotamia, Egypt .
Ans 16. The do agriculture, trade, barter system, etc
Ans 17. Well planned city, well planned drainage system, architecture, efficient civic
organization, etc
Ans 18. Through different sources like Archaeological, literary, traveler accounts, etc
Ans 19. Terracotta figurine of Mother Goddess.
Ans 20. Proto shiva seal.
Ans21. Study of rock layers and laying process.
Ans22. Term used for a group of objects distinctive in style usually found together within
a specific geographical area and period of time. Ans23. B
Ans24. No definite factor was known.
Ans25. Agriculture, trade, crafts, etc.

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, JAMMU

PART I: THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY

UNIT-1: Bricks, beads and bones

The prevalence of agriculture is indicated by finds of grain.

Mohenjodaro: A planned urban center

The lower town at Mohenjo-Daro provides examples of residential buildings

Seals, script, weights

script was written from right to left.

The end of the civilization

Q1. Describe any two features of the Harappan cities.

Q4. Discuss the important features of Harappan drainage system.

Q6. Mention the causes of disappearance of the Harappan culture.

Q7. Who was Cunningham?

Q8. Who were shamans?

Q14. How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society?

Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro. Q18. How do historians

reconstruct the past? Q19. Identify the image

Q20. Identify the image and write its name:

Q22. What do understand by the term culture?

Q24. The harappan civilization declined as a result of _______________

Q25. The economy of Indus Valley people was based on ____________ .

Ans l. Citadel and the lower town.

Ans 2. Seals, rim of jars, tablets, etc

Etc Ans5. It was in the citadel. It was a rectangular tank.

It was made water tight by using mortar of gypsum.

Ans6. Climatic change, deforestation, Aryan invasion theory, etc

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