.

Design of Rainfall Intensity

The design of the rainfall intensity will be based on The Hydrological Procedure (HP26)
–Estimation of Design Rainstorm in Sabah and Sarawak (Department of Irrigation and
Drainage Malaysia, 2018)
Derived IDF parameter: (Table 4.2)

Rainfall Intensity,

Where,
I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
T= Average recurrence interval (year) , high ARI = 2 ≤ T ≤ 100
d= Storm duration (hours), 5 minutes to 72 hours
λ,, κ,, Ѳ,, ɳ = Fitting
g constant dependent
p on the rain g g location
gauge

Station Name Bau

Station ID 1401005
 0.2059
 62.6059
 0.1817
 0.639
Table 1: Derived IDF Parameters for Bau
(HP26, DID Malaysia, 2018)
Intensity
Return Period, T (Years)
(mm/hr)
Min 2 5 10 20 25 50 100
2.5 188.18 227.25 262.12 302.33 316.54 365.10 421.11
5 168.70 203.72 234.98 271.02 283.77 327.30 377.51
10 141 66
141.66 171 07
171.07 197 31
197.31 227 58
227.58 238 28
238.28 274 83
274.83 317 00
317.00
15 123.51 149.16 172.04 198.43 207.76 239.64 276.40
20 110.34 133.25 153.69 177.27 185.60 214.08 246.92
25 100.26 121.07 139.65 161.07 168.64 194.51 224.35
30 92.24 111.40 128.48 148.19 155.16 178.96 206.42
35 85.69 103.48 119.36 137.67 144.14 166.25 191.75
40 80.21 96.87 111.72 128.86 134.92 155.62 179.49
45 75 55
75.55 91 24
91.24 105 23
105.23 121 38
121.38 127 08
127.08 146 58
146.58 169 06
169.06
50 71.52 86.38 99.63 114.91 120.31 138.77 160.06
55 68.01 82.13 94.73 109.26 114.40 131.95 152.19
60 64.90 78.38 90.40 104.27 109.17 125.92 145.24
65 62.14 75.04 86.55 99.83 104.52 120.56 139.05
70 59.66 72.04 83.09 95.84 100.35 115.74 133.50
75 57.41 69.33 79.97 92.24 96.57 111.39 128.48
80 55.37 66.87 77.13 88.96 93.15 107.43 123.92
85 53.51 64.62 74.54 85.97 90.01 103.82 119.75
90 51.80 62.56 72.15 83.22 87.14 100.50 115.92
95 50.23 60.65 69.96 80.69 84.48 97.44 112.39
100 48.77 58.89 67.93 78.35 82.03 94.61 109.13
105 47.41 57.26 66.04 76.17 79.75 91.99 106.10
110 46.15 55.73 64.28 74.14 77.63 89.54 103.27
115 44.97 54.31 62.64 72.25 75.64 87.25 100.63
120 43 86
43.86 52 97
52.97 61 10
61.10 70 47
70.47 73 78
73.78 85 10
85.10 98 16
98.16
125 42.83 51.72 59.65 68.80 72.04 83.09 95.83
130 41.85 50.54 58.29 67.23 70.39 81.19 93.65
MMD 1401005 Climate Change Factor (CCF)
2 5 10 20 25 50 100
Bau
1.11 1.16 1.18 1.2 1.21 1.22 1.23

Intensity
Return Period, T (Years) - CCF
(mm/hr)
Min 2 5 10 20 25 50 100
2.5 208.88 263.61 309.30 362.79 383.01 445.42 517.96
5 187.25 236.32 277.27 325.23 343.36 399.30 464.33
10 157.24 198.44 232.83 273.10 288.32 335.30 389.91
15 137.10
137 10 173.03
173 03 203.01
203 01 238.12
238 12 251.39
251 39 292.36
292 36 339.97
339 97
20 122.48 154.57 181.36 212.72 224.58 261.17 303.71
25 111.29 140.45 164.78 193.28 204.06 237.31 275.95
30 102.39 129.22 151.61 177.83 187.75 218.34 253.90
35 95.11 120.04 140.84 165.20 174.41 202.82 235.86
40 89.03 112.36 131.84 154.64 163.26 189.86 220.78
45 83.86 105.83 124.17 145.65 153.77 178.82 207.95
50 79.39 100.20 117.56 137.89 145.58 169.30 196.87
55 75.49 95.27 111.78 131.11 138.42 160.97 187.19
60 72.04 90.92 106.68 125.13 132.10 153.62 178.64
65 68.97 87.05 102.13 119.79 126.47 147.08 171.03
70 66.22 83.57 98.05 115.01 121.42 141.20 164.20
75 63.73 80.43 94.36 110.69 116.85 135.90 158.03
80 61.47 77.57 91.01 106.76 112.71 131.07 152.42
85 59.40 74.96 87.95 103.16 108.91 126.66 147.29
90 57.50 72.57 85.14 99.87 105.43 122.61 142.58
95 55.75 70.36 82.55 96.83 102.23 118.88 138.24
100 54.13 68.31 80.15 94.02 99.26 115.43 134.23
105 52.63 66.42 77.93 91.40 96.50 112.22 130.50
110 51.23 64.65 75.85 88.97 93.93 109.23 127.02
115 49.92 63.00 73.91 86.70 91.53 106.44 123.78
120 48.69 61.45 72.10 84.56 89.28 103.83 120.73
125 47 54
47.54 59 99
59.99 70 39
70.39 82 56
82.56 87 17
87.17 101 37
101.37 117 88
117.88
130 46.45 58.62 68.78 80.68 85.18 99.05 115.19
Time of Concentration, tc = to + td

Where,
L = Overland sheet flow path length (m) = 59.70 m
n = Manning's roughness value for the surface = 0.035 (Table 2.2 MSMA 2)
S = Slope of overland surface (%) = 256.000

107 x 0.011 x 8.801/3

=
3.331/5

to= 4.83 min

Where,
L = Length of reach (m) = 6 m
n = Manning's roughness coefficient = 0.035 (Table 2.3 MSMA 2)
S = Friction slope (m/m) = 0.0033
R = Hydraulic radius (m) = 1.104 m

Flow time in channel, td = n x Ld

60 x R2/3 x S1/2

= 0.011 x 83
60 x 0.5332/3 x 0.0021/2

= 0.06 min

tc = tcs = to + td

= 4.89 min (Assume 10 min)

Major storm = 10 years

Rainfall intensity = 232.83 mm/hr

Runoff coefficient, C = 0.35 (Open space - Bush Cover, 0.40 - Grass cover)
= 0.90 (Commercial & Business Centre)

Qy = cxixA
Rational Method
360

Development Impervious Area Pervious Area I Q

Status CA
C A (m2) C A (m2) (mm/hr) (l/s)
Pre-development 0.9 - 0.4 122,200.00 48,880.0 232.8 3,161.3
Post-development 0.9 97,760 0.5 24,440.00 100,204.0 232.8 6,480.6

 Qpost > Qpre, SUSToM facilities is required

Using Equation 19.1 with Equation 19.1a and 19.1b for below ground storage (MSMA)

a - (a2 - 4b)
PSD =
2

a=

= 5539.66 * ( 1.62 + 3.50 + 6.50 )

= 64,395.15

b = 8.548 Qa Qp

= 8.55 * 6480.65 * 3,161.29

= 175,124,755.76

PSD = 64,395.15 - (64,395.15 - 4 x 175,124,755.76)

2
= 2,845.25 l/s

70% PSD is adopted for tank sizing, PSD70 = 2845.25 * 0.7

= 1991.67 l/s
Site Storage Requirement (SSR):
The site discharge for the storage design storm (10 years ARI) and the corresponding SSR is calculated for a range of
storm durations to determine the maximum SSR. The calculation is summarized in the following table

td I Impervious Area Pervious Area PSD

 CA Qd (l/s) c d SSR (m3)
(mins) (mm/hr) C A(m2) C A(m2) (l/s)
2.5 309 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 8609 1991.67 1222 54 1099.91
5 277 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 7718 1991.67 1208 60 1934.77
10 233 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 6481 1991.67 1182 72 3135.97
15 203 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 5651 1991.67 1159 82 3968.90
20 181 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 5048 1991.67 1136 92 4583.50
25 165 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 4587 1991.67 1116 101 5054.91
30 152 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 4220 1991.67 1096 110 5425.87
35 141 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 3920 1991.67 1077 118 5722.86
40 132 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 3670 1991.67 1058 126 5963.38
45 124 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 3456 1991.67 1041 134 6159.58
50 118 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 3272 1991.67 1024 142 6320.23
55 112 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 3111 1991.67 1007 149 6451.85
60 107 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2969 1991.67 991 156 6559.42
65 102 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2843 1991.67 975 163 6646.84
70 98 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2729 1991.67 960 170 6717.20
75 94 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2627 1991.67 945 177 6773.00
80 91 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2533 1991.67 930 183 6816.28
85 88 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2448 1991.67 916 190 6848.74
90 85 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2370 1991.67 901 196 6871.81
95 83 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2298 1991.67 888 202 6886.69
100 80 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2231 1991.67 874 208 6894.41
105 78 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2169 1991.67 860 214 6895.85
110 76 0.90 97760 0.50 24440 100204 2111 1991.67 847 220 6891.77

SSR = 0.06 td (Qd - c - d)

8000.00
c = 0.675 PSD (1-0.392 PSD/Qd)
7000.00

d = 0.117 PSD2/Qd
Storage Volume (m3)

6000.00
5000.00
4000.00
3000.00
2000.00
1000.00
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Storm Duration (Minutes)

From the table, Maximum SSR of 6895.85 m3 occurred at duration of 105 mins

SUSToM facility : Sustom Drain

Provided SSR = 7078.50 x 1.5 m depth = 10,617.75 m3 > 6895.85 m3 SSR --------> OK!

Type of OSD: Dry pond

Primary Outlet Design:

Equation 19.3 (MSMA):

PSD
Ao =
Cd (2gHo)

1991.67 x 10 -3
=
0.62 (2x9.81x1.15)

= 0.68 m2

Do = 0.45 m  Provide orifice 1.5m x 0.45m.

0.45 m

1.50 m
Q for post-development:

Q1 = C0 A0 (2gHo)0.5

Proposed orifice size, D = 0.450 mm

Area of orifice, A = 0.675 m2
Ho = 2.07 m

Q1 = 0.6 x 0.675 x (2 x 9.81 x 2.07)0.5

= 1.023 m3/s < 2.167 m3/s PSD OK!
Secondary Outlet Design:

Rectangular Weir Discharge:

Q2 = Cscw. B. H1.5 2.8 (MSMA 2nd Ed 2012)

Cscw = Weir discharge Coefficient

OSD Outlet Detail
= 1.81 + 0.22 (H/Hc)

= 1.979

for 100 year ARI rainfall intensity is estimated:

Impervious Area Pervious Area
I(mm/hr) 2 CA Q (l/s)
C A (m ) C A (m2)
389.91 0.90 97,760.00 0.50 24,440.00 100,204.00 10852.79

Q2 = 1.967 x 6.0 x 1.01.5

= 11.876 m3/s

Qweir = Q2 - Q1

= 11.876 m3/s - 1.023 m3/s

= 10.8530 m3/s > 10.8528 m3/s Qweir is sufficient