UNIT I

National Service Scheme falls under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, which
is looked after by the Senior Officer of the rank of the Joint Secretary as far as administration and
implementation of the programme is concerned.

ORGANISATION STRUCTURE. The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports is the nodal
Ministry for NSS and has been given the administrative responsibility for the Policy Planning,
Implementation and Evaluation of NSS programme.14 Oct 2019

Structure and History of NSS

Launch of NSS
In May 1969, a conference of student representatives (of universities and institutions of higher
education) convened by the Ministry of Education and the University Grants Commission also
unanimously agreed that a national-service scheme could be an instrument for national integration. The
Planning Commission sanctioned an outlay of ₹5 crores for the NSS during the Fourth Five-Year Plan,
stipulating that the NSS be a pilot project in selected institutions and universities. On 24 September
1969, then the Union Education Minister Shri.V.K.R.V. Rao launched the NSS at 37 universities in several
states of India. The scheme has been extended to all states and universities in the country, and also +2
level institutes in many states. The then Minister attached to PM of India legendary Smt. Nandini
Satpathy had a strong hand in the conceptualisation as well as in the launch of NSS.

Meaning of NSS Symbol

The NSS Badge Proud to Serve the Nation: The Konark wheel in the NSS badge having 8 bars
signifies the 24 hours of a the day, reminding the wearer to be ready for the service of the nation
round the clock i.e. for 24 hours. Red colour in the badge signifies energy and spirit displayed by the
NSS volunteers

What is NSS motto?

The ideological orientation of the NSS is inspired by the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. Very
appropriately, the motto of NSS is “NOT ME, BUT YOU”. An NSS volunteer places the
'community' before 'self'.

he main objectives of National Service Scheme (NSS) are :

i.understand the community in which they work

ii.understand themselves in relation to their community
iii. identify the needs and problems of the community and involve them in problem-solving
iv .develop among themselves a sense of social and civic responsibility
v. utilise their knowledge in finding practical solutions to individual and community problems
vi.develop competence required for group-living and sharing of responsibilities
vii.gain skills in mobilising community participation
viii.acquire leadership qualities and democratic attitudes
ix.develop capacity to meet emergencies and natural disasters and
x.practise national integration and social harmony

(Description about NSS symbol and its Badge)

The logo for the NSS has been based on the giant Rath Wheel of the world famous Konark Sun
Temple (The Black Pagoda) situated in Orissa, India. The Red & Blue colors contained in the
logo motivate the NSS Volunteers to be active & energetic for the nation-building social
activities. The wheel portrays the cycle of creation, preservation and release and signifies the
movement in life across time and space, the wheel thus stands for continuity as well as change
and implies the continuous striving of NSS for social change.

Aim and Objective

The wide-ranging aim of National Service Scheme is to provide student youth a developmental
dimension of service to others, in addition to classroom education, for development to a
complete and better human being. The experience and training of service to villages and
community helps student youth in future to perform various professional and leadership roles
with a sense of responsibility towards community in which they live. The purposes of the NSS
cell completes the essence of true and complete education to a youth. And also, NSS is to
developing the personality and character of the student youth through voluntary community
service. ‘Education through Service’ is the purpose of the NSS. An NSS volunteer places the
‘community’ before ‘self’

Objectives Of The National Service Scheme:

The National Service Scheme (NSS) was launched to create a sense of social consciousness,
solidarity, and dignity among students. The following are the main objectives of NSS:
 1. To Understand Community Needs: NSS aims to allow students to understand the community’s
social and economic needs and encourage them to work towards solutions to the problems.
2. To Develop Personal Skills: NSS provides a platform for personal development by promoting
leadership skills, organisational abilities, and social skills among students. It also aims to develop
a sense of responsibility towards society and nurture the spirit of volunteerism.
3. To Promote Social Awareness: NSS aims to promote social awareness among students and
sensitise them to various social issues. The program encourages students to participate in social
service activities such as blood donation camps, environmental awareness campaigns, and drug
abuse, health, and hygiene awareness programs.
4. To Develop Civic Responsibility: NSS aims to develop a sense of civic responsibility among
students by encouraging them to participate in civic activities such as voter registration drives
and environmental campaigns.
5. To Promote National Integration: NSS aims to promote national integration by encouraging
students from different social and economic backgrounds to work together towards a common
goal. NSS activities also provide a platform for students to understand and appreciate the
diversity of Indian culture and traditions.
6. To Contribute to Community Development: NSS aims to contribute to community development
by undertaking community service projects such as sanitation drives, health camps, and literacy
programs. NSS volunteers work towards developing the community’s socio-economic conditions
and improving the quality of life for the people.

The NSS aims to develop socially responsible citizens committed to community service and
national development. It provides students with a platform for personal and leadership
development while contributing to community development. NSS helps students develop a sense
of civic responsibility, social awareness, and empathy toward the community’s needs.
Motto :
“Not me, But you.

The Motto of NSS “Not Me but You”, reflects the essence of democratic living and upholds the
need for self-less service. NSS helps the student’s development & appreciation to other person’s
point of view and also show consideration towards other living beings. The philosophy of the
NSS is a good doctrine in this motto, which underlines on the belief that the welfare of an
individual is ultimately dependent on the welfare of the society as a whole and therefore, the
NSS volunteers shall strive for the well-being of the society.

. Importance Of NSS:
The National Service Scheme (NSS) plays a significant role in fostering social responsibility and
community engagement among students in India. Here are some reasons why NSS is important:
 1. Community Service: NSS provides students with the opportunity to work towards
community service and make a positive impact on society. The program allows students
to understand the community’s needs and contribute towards addressing them.
2. Personal Development: NSS offers a platform for personal development and leadership
training. Students are encouraged to take responsibility for planning and implementing
social service projects, which helps them develop their organisational and leadership
skills.
3. Social Awareness: NSS activities such as awareness campaigns and community service
projects in rural areas help students develop social awareness and sensitivity towards
various social issues. NSS activities help students develop empathy and concern for the
well-being of others.
4. Civic Engagement: NSS helps students become active citizens by providing
opportunities to engage in civic activities. NSS activities involve students in initiatives
such as voter registration drives and environmental campaigns, helping them develop a
sense of civic responsibility.
5. Employability: NSS experience can be an added advantage for students applying for
jobs. Employers value candidates who are committed to social responsibility and
community service.

NSS impact society

The main objectives of NSS are personality and self-development through experiential
learning by serving the society with the motto “Not Me, But You”. NSS volunteers work in
rural areas, working to serve the community through adoption village and school surveys,
education and health awareness programs.11 Aug 2023

NSS is a voluntary program implemented by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports,
Government of India, with the objective of fostering social responsibility, leadership qualities,
and a sense of civic engagement among students.24 Jul 2023 Community Service Activities.

Blood Donation Camps

NSS often organizes blood donation drives on campus in collaboration with reputed blood banks and
hospitals. These camps provide an opportunity for students, faculty, and staff to voluntarily donate blood
and contribute to saving lives.

Health and Hygiene Awareness Programs

NSS conducts health and hygiene awareness programs to educate the community about the importance of
cleanliness, sanitation, and personal hygiene. This may include organizing workshops, seminars, and
awareness campaigns on topics like hand washing, health benefits of Yoga Practices, menstrual hygiene,
and waste management.

Tree Plantation and Environmental Conservation

NSS promotes environmental sustainability by organizing tree plantation drives and engaging in activities
related to conservation and preservation of natural resources. They encourage students to actively
participate in creating a greener and healthier environment.

Social Service Initiatives :- NSS organizes various social service initiatives such as visits to
orphanages, old age homes, and schools for underprivileged children. Volunteers engage in activities like
teaching, providing support, and organizing recreational activities for the residents or students.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

NSS actively participates in the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Campaign) initiated by the
Government of India. They organize cleanliness drives, awareness programs, and campaigns to promote
cleanliness and proper waste management practices.

Rural Development Programs

NSS organizes various social service initiatives such as visits to orphanages, old age homes, and schools
for underprivileged children. Volunteers engage in activities like teaching, providing support, and
organizing recreational activities for the residents or students.

Awareness Campaigns

NSS organizes awareness campaigns on various social issues such as literacy, gender equality, drug
abuse, Tobacco and alcohol effect on health and environmental conservation. These campaigns aim to
sensitize individuals and communities towards the importance of these issues and promote positive
change

Other Social relevance activities

Computer, appliance, and kit donations to schools, support for medical care for village residents,
orphanages and schoolchildren.

Distribution of herbal drinks ((Kabasura kudineer, free face mask, awareness on hand wash and
sanitization, etc., )) to general public in and around the campus and adopted villages, faculty, staff and
students to the needed occasion like Dengue, Covid, etc.,

Role of National Service Scheme (NSS)

The primary goal of the NSS programme is to instill in pupils a sense of social welfare,
additionally to benefit society. The goal of NSS volunteers is to make sure that everyone who
needs assistance can raise their level of living and live with dignity. NSS supplies the victims of
the disaster with food, clothing, and first aid.

Introduction:
Nation building is a complex and continuous process that requires the active participation of
all sections of society, particularly the youth. In the Indian context, the National Service Scheme
necessary for nation building. This article aims to explore the origins, objectives, and contributions
of NSS in shaping responsible citizens who contribute to the progress of the nati
Origins and Establishment of NSS
The National Service Scheme (NSS) was established in India on September 24, 1969, under
the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. It draws inspiration from the ideals of Mahatma Gandhi,who
emphasized the importance of community service and selfless action. NSS aims to develop the
personality of students through community service while nurturing their sense of social responsibility and
empathy
1.Leadership Development:
The role of NSS and NCC in nurturing leadership qualities among young individuals is
paramount. Through their structured training programs, both organizations provide participants with
opportunities to develop essential leadership skills. In the National Cadet Corps, cadets undergo
rigorous training that instils discipline, teamwork, and decision-making abilities (Directorate General
National Cadet Corps). This training equips them with the tools needed to lead effectively, not only
in military contexts but also in various spheres of life. Similarly, NSS volunteers also engage in
leadership roles during community service projects. These experiences allow them to enhance their
confidence, communication skills, and organizational abilities (Singh). By fostering leadership
qualities, NSS and NCC contribute to the formation of a generation of proactive leaders who can
guide the nation towards progress.
2. Fostering National Identity:

One of the significant contributions of NSS and NCC lies in fostering a strong sense of

national identity and unity among participants. India's diversity, with its multitude of languages,

cultures, and traditions, can sometimes lead to regional and cultural divides. NSS and NCC, through their
activities and initiatives, transcend these differences. They organize inter-state camps, cultural

exchanges, and events that celebrate the nation's unity in diversity (Directorate of NSS). These

interactions provide young individuals with the opportunity to learn about and appreciate various

cultures and traditions across India. By participating in these events, participants develop a sense of

belonging to a larger whole, emphasizing their role as responsible citizens of a

3.Promotion of Social Values:

The National Service Scheme (NSS) and the National Cadet Corps (NCC) play a pivotal role

in promoting essential social values among the youth. Through their activities and projects, these

organizations emphasize the significance of ethical and moral values (Ministry of Youth Affairs and

Sports). Participants in NSS and NCC projects often encounter scenarios that require compassion,

integrity, and empathy (Rai). By engaging in projects related to education, healthcare, and

community development, volunteers develop a deep understanding of the challenges faced by

different segments of society. This exposure leads to a greater appreciation for the values of
inclusivity and social justice. As participants internalize these values, they become ambassadors of

positive change, thereby contributing to the moral fabric of the nation.

4.Skill Development:

The National Service Scheme (NSS) and the National Cadet Corps (NCC) serve as platforms

for young individuals to acquire a diverse range of practical skills. These skills encompass areas such

as first aid, communication, outdoor survival, self-defence, and more (Directorate of NSS). NSS

volunteers often engage in workshops and training sessions that provide them with the knowledge

and expertise needed to make a difference in their communities (Yadav and Bhati). NCC cadets

undergo intensive training in areas such as map reading, navigation, and adventure activities. These

skills not only empower participants but also contribute to their personal growth and employability

prospects. By equipping youth with these practical skills, NSS and NCC enhance their capacity to

contribute effectively to nation-building efforts.

5.Gender Equality and Women Empowerment:

NSS and NCC have played a pivotal role in challenging traditional gender norms and

promoting gender equality. Both organizations provide equal opportunities for young women to

participate in their activities and programs (Sharma and Goel). Through their involvement in various

projects and training sessions, female participants demonstrate their capacity to excel in diverse

fields. This approach not only empowers women but also promotes inclusivity and diversity within

the organizations. The emphasis on gender equality within NSS and NCC contributes to the larger

movement towards women's empowerment in India, making these organizations important agents of

change.

6. Rural Development and Outreach:

The National Service Scheme (NSS) engages young individuals in rural development

projects, contributing to the upliftment of marginalized communities. These projects address various

issues such as education, healthcare, sanitation, and infrastructure development (Ministry of Youth

Affairs and Sports). By actively participating in these initiatives, volunteers gain firsthand insights
into the challenges faced by rural communities. This grassroots engagement not only bridges the

urban-rural divide but also fosters a spirit of empathy and solidarity. The work undertaken by NSS

volunteers contributes to equitable growth and development, aligning with the broader goals of

nation-building.

7. Health and Wellness Promotion:

NSS and NCC initiatives extend to the realm of health and wellness promotion. These

organizations organize health camps, blood donation drives, and awareness campaigns on critical

issues such as hygiene, sanitation, and substance abuse (Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports). By

addressing these vital aspects of public health, NSS and NCC play a role in improving the overall

well-being of the population. Through their activities, participants gain a deeper understanding of

health-related challenges faced by communities. This awareness translates into a commitment to

better health practices and contributes to the overall progress of the nation.

8.Civic Responsibility and Voting Awareness:

NSS and NCC actively promote civic responsibility and raise awareness about the importance

of voting (Directorate of NSS). By organizing voter awareness campaigns, workshops, and seminars,

these organizations encourage young individuals to actively participate in the democratic process

(Choudhary and Dubey). Through these initiatives, participants learn about the significance of their

role as informed citizens and how their votes contribute to shaping the nation's future. NSS and NCC

instil a sense of duty towards exercising one's democratic rights, ultimately enhancing the vibrancyof the
nation's democratic institutions.

9. Impact on Personal Values and Beliefs:

Participation in the National Service Scheme (NSS) and the National Cadet Corps (NCC) has

a profound impact on the personal values and beliefs of the youth involved. Engaging in community

service projects, leadership training, and nation-building activities fosters values such as selflessness,

discipline, and empathy (Rai). Participants learn the importance of giving back to society, working

collaboratively, and understanding diverse perspectives. These experiences lead to a transformative

shift in personal values, influencing behavior, decision-making, and interactions with others. As NSS
and NCC participants internalize these values, they become role models who contribute positively to

their families, communities, and the nation at large.

Entitled to a certificate from NSS

All the NSS Volunteers who have served NSS for at least 2 years and have performed 240 hours of work
under NSS are entitled to a certificate from the university under the signature of the Vice-Chancellor and
the Programme Coordinator. The Annual camps are known as Special Camps.

UNIT II
News Reports: Communicating the story, Sports, Social Norms, and social
change.

Communicating the Story:

o Objectivity and Accuracy: News reports aim to present information objectively

and accurately. Journalists follow ethical standards to provide a balanced view of
events.
o Timeliness: News reports prioritize timely information to keep the public
informed about recent developments.
o Storytelling Techniques: Journalists often use storytelling techniques to make
news more engaging and relatable. They may include human-interest elements to
connect with the audience emotionally.
2. Sports:

Game Coverage: News reports in sports cover various aspects of games, including match
results, player performances, and statistics.

Analysis and Commentary: Journalists offer analysis and commentary to provide insights into
sports events, strategies, and trends.

Profiles and Interviews: Profiles and interviews with athletes, coaches, and stakeholders
contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the sports world.

Impact on Society: Sports news often highlights the broader impact of sports on society,
including social, economic, and cultural dimensions.

3. Social Norms:

Observation and Critique: News reports observe and sometimes critique societal norms,
shedding light on both conventional and evolving norms.

Diversity and Inclusion: Journalists may explore issues related to diversity, inclusion, and
representation, challenging or reinforcing societal norms.

Impact of Social Norms: News reports analyze how societal norms influence behavior,
relationships, and institutions.

Campaigns and Initiatives: Coverage may include stories about campaigns orinitiatives aimed
at challenging or changing societal norms.

4. Social Change: Issue Highlighting: News reports play a crucial role in highlighting
social issues that need attention, fostering awareness.

Advocacy Journalism: Some reports may adopt advocacy journalism, advocating for positive
social change and justice.
Impact Stories: Journalists may cover stories that showcase successful initiatives and
movements contributing to social change.

Public Opinion: News reports can influence public opinion, shaping attitudes and perceptions
that may contribute to societal shifts.

In summary, news reports serve as a powerful tool for communication, shaping narratives around
sports, societal norms, and social change. Journalists play a key role in presenting information
responsibly, encouraging public discourse, and contributing to a better-informed and engaged
society.

Social Class and the Evolution of Sports Organizations,

The relationship between social class and the evolution of sports organizations is complex and
multifaceted. Social class influences various aspects of sports, including participation, access,
governance, and the structure of sports organizations. Here are some key points to consider in
understanding this relationship:

1. Participation and Access:

Influence on Participation: Social class often influences who participates in sports. Access to
resources such as facilities, coaching, and equipment can be influenced by socioeconomic status.

Youth Development: In some cases, children from higher social classes may have more
opportunities for organized sports, travel teams, and specialized training, potentially leading to a
higher level of competition in certain sports.

2. Governance and Administration

Representation in Leadership: Historically, sports organizations were often led by individuals

from privileged social classes. This has been changing, but there may still be disparities in
leadership positions.

Policy Decisions: Policies and decisions made by sports organizations can be influenced by the
interests and perspectives of those in higher social classes, impacting the priorities of the sports
community.

3. Economic Factors:

Funding and Sponsorship: Sports organizations often rely on funding and sponsorship.
Wealthier individuals and companies may have more influence in shaping the financial
landscape of sports.

Elite Sports vs. Grassroots Sports: Funding disparities can exist between elite sports and
grassroots or community sports, affecting the accessibility and quality of sports programs.
 4. Social Mobility:

Sports as a Path to Social Mobility: For some individuals, particularly in certain sports, success
can provide a pathway to social mobility. However, barriers to entry and success still exist for
many.

5. Globalization and Commercialization:

Impact on Social Class Dynamics: The globalization and commercialization of sports

can both challenge and reinforce social class dynamics. While it opens up opportunities
for athletes from diverse backgrounds, it also involves significant financial investments
and may perpetuate inequalities.

6. Media Influence:

Representation and Coverage: Media plays a crucial role in shaping perceptions of sports. The
representation of athletes from different social classes and the coverage of various sports can
influence societal attitudes.

7. Social Activism:

Role of Athletes: Athletes from various social classes have used their platform toaddress social
issues. Social class dynamics can influence the types of issues that athletes choose to advocate
for.

8. Fan Culture:

Demographics of Fans: The demographics of sports fans can vary based on social class. The
types of sports followed, attendance at live events, and engagement with sports culture may
differ among social classes. In summary, social class has a pervasive impact on the evolution of
sports organizations, influencing everything from participation patterns to governance structures.
Addressing disparities and promoting inclusivity in sports organizations is essential for creating a
more equitable and diverse sports land scape.

The relationship between social class and the evolution of sports organizations is complex and
multifaceted. Social class influences various aspects of sports, including participation, access,
governance, and the structure of sports organizations. Here are some key points to consider in
understanding this relationship:

In summary, social class has a pervasive impact on the evolution of sports organizations,
influencing everything from participation patterns to governance structures. Addressing
disparities and promoting inclusivity in sports organizations is essential for creating a more
equitable and diverse sports landscape.
The Olympic Games, Origins and Evolution of the Game, Dynasties and Rivalries Legends and Traditions,
Civil Rights and Sports, Defining the Impact and role of sports.

The Olympic Games:

Origins and Evolution of the Game:

1. Ancient Greece: The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece, dating back to 776 BCE. They
were held in Olympia in honor of Zeus.
2. Modern Revival: The modern Olympic Games were revived in 1896 by Pierre de Coubertin, with
the aim of promoting international understanding and peace.
3. Expansion: Over the years, the Games expanded to include various sports and nations, evolving
into the global sporting event we know today.

Dynasties and Rivalries:

1. Dominant Nations: Certain nations have established themselves as dominant forces in specific
sports, creating dynasties of success.
2. Rivalries: Intense rivalries between nations and individual athletes have become a hallmark of
the Olympics, adding drama and excitement to the competitions.

Legends and Traditions:

1. Legendary Athletes: The Olympic Games have produced numerous legendary athletes, including
Jesse Owens, Carl Lewis, Usain Bolt, and Simone Biles.
2. Symbolic Traditions: The Olympic torch relay, the lighting of the Olympic flame, and the opening
ceremony are enduring traditions that symbolize unity and the spirit of the Games.

Civil Rights and Sports:

Civil rights in the context of sports refer to the fundamental rights and liberties that athletes are
entitled to, ensuring equal treatment, nondiscrimination, and protection of individual freedoms.
These rights are designed to promote fairness, justice, and inclusivity within the sports
community. Here are key aspects of civil rights for sports personalities:

1. Equal Opportunity:
o Athletes have the right to equal opportunities regardless of their race, ethnicity,
gender, religion, sexual orientation, or any other protected characteristic.
o Discrimination in team selection, sponsorship, or participation based on these
factors is a violation of civil rights.
2. Freedom of Expression:
o Athletes have the right to express their opinions and beliefs, including social and
political views, without fear of retaliation.
o This includes the right to engage in peaceful protests or gestures that align with
their values.
3. Right to Privacy:
 o Athletes, like any other individuals, have a right to privacy in personal and non-
public matters.
o Unauthorized intrusion into an athlete's personal life without a compelling reason
can be considered a violation of civil rights.
4. Freedom from Harassment and Bullying:
o Athletes are entitled to an environment free from harassment, bullying, or any
form of mistreatment.
o Organizations and individuals must take measures to prevent and address
harassment within sports.
5. Equal Pay and Compensation:
o Athletes have the right to equal pay for equal work, regardless of their gender,
race, or other protected characteristics.
o Achieving gender pay equity has been a significant focus, particularly in
professional sports.
6. Access to Education and Development:
o Young athletes are entitled to educational opportunities and development
programs that support their academic and athletic growth.
o Denying access to education or exploiting young athletes for financial gain can be
considered a violation of civil rights.
7. Anti-Doping Protections:
o Athletes have the right to fair competition, free from the use of performance-
enhancing drugs by competitors.
o Anti-doping regulations protect the integrity of sports and the rights of clean
athletes.
8. Accessibility and Inclusivity:
o Sports organizations should strive to make facilities, programs, and events
accessible to individuals with disabilities.
o Inclusivity efforts aim to ensure that sports are welcoming to participants from
diverse backgrounds.
9. Freedom from Retaliation:
o Athletes have the right to report violations, speak out against injustices, or
participate in collective actions without fear of retaliation.
o Protections against retaliation help maintain a culture of transparency and
accountability.
10. Participation in Governing Bodies:
o Athletes may have the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes
within sports organizations.
o Inclusion in governance ensures that athletes' perspectives are considered in
policy and rule-making.

Ensuring civil rights in sports is crucial for creating an equitable and respectful environment that
upholds the principles of fairness, justice, and human dignity. It involves addressing
discrimination, promoting inclusivity, and safeguarding the rights and well-being of athletes at
all levels of competition. Ji
Defining the Impact and Role of Sports:
1. Global Unity and Peace:

o Diplomacy: Sports, particularly the Olympics, serve as a platform for diplomatic relations
and cultural exchange between nations.
o Peaceful Competition: The idea of nations coming together peacefully to compete
fosters a sense of global unity.
2. Inspiration and Role Models:

o Inspirational Stories: Athletes' stories of perseverance and triumph inspire individuals

worldwide.
o Role Models: Successful athletes often become role models, influencing societal values
and aspirations.
3. Economic and Cultural Impact:

o Economic Boost: Hosting major sporting events, including the Olympics, can stimulate
economic growth and infrastructure development.
o Cultural Exchange: Sports facilitate cultural exchange, promoting understanding and
appreciation of diverse traditions.
4. Health and Well-being:

o Promoting Physical Activity: Sports encourage physical activity, contributing to

improved public health.
o Mental Health Awareness: Athletes' openness about mental health challenges has
raised awareness and reduced stigma.
5. Social Inclusion:

o Team Building: Team sports promote teamwork, cooperation, and social skills.
o Inclusion of Diverse Groups: Sports provide opportunities for individuals from diverse
backgrounds to participate and contribute.
6. Technology and Innovation:

o Advancements in Training: Sports drive innovations in training, equipment, and

technology.
o Global Impact of Sports Science: Developments in sports science often have
applications beyond athletics.

In summary, the Olympic Games, along with the broader world of sports, have evolved to play a
multifaceted role in society, impacting global relations, civil rights, culture, and individual well-
being. Sports have the power to transcend boundaries and serve as a powerful force for positive
change.

Social Norms of sport

Social norms in sports refer to the unwritten rules and expectations that dictate appropriate
behavior within the sporting community. These norms can influence how individuals, athletes,
coaches, and fans behave both on and off the field. Here are some common social norms in the
context of sports:
1. Respect for Opponents:
o Fair Play: Athletes are expected to compete with integrity, adhering to the rules
and displaying sportsmanship.
o Shaking Hands: After competitions, it's common for athletes to shake hands with
opponents as a gesture of respect.
2. Respect for Officials:
o Accepting Decisions: Players and coaches are expected to respect the decisions
made by referees or officials, even if they disagree.
o Avoiding Confrontation: Publicly criticizing or confronting officials is generally
discouraged.
3. Teamwork and Collaboration:
o Collaborative Efforts: Team sports emphasize the importance of working
together towards a common goal.
o Supporting Teammates: Encouraging and supporting teammates is a norm that
fosters a positive team dynamic.
4. Inclusivity:
o Equal Opportunities: Sports are increasingly promoting inclusivity, providing
equal opportunities for individuals of all backgrounds and abilities.
o Anti-Discrimination: Discrimination based on race, gender, ethnicity, or any
other factor is widely condemned.
5. Winning and Losing Gracefully:
o Humility in Victory: Athletes are expected to celebrate victories with humility
and respect for their opponents.
o Resilience in Defeat: Accepting defeat graciously and learning from losses is
considered a positive norm.
6. Preventing Violence:
o Non-Violence: Physical violence and aggression are strongly discouraged, and
athletes are expected to control their emotions.
o Respecting Personal Boundaries: Athletes are expected to respect the physical
well-being of their opponents.
7. Fan Behavior:
o Respectful Support: Fans are encouraged to support their teams without
engaging in disrespectful behavior towards opponents or officials.
o Avoiding Violence: Violence or unruly behavior in the stands is generally
condemned.
8. Gender Equality:
o Equal Treatment: Social norms in sports are evolving towards greater gender
equality, advocating for equal opportunities, recognition, and support for female
athletes.
9. Doping and Fair Play:
o Anti-Doping: The use of performance-enhancing substances is against the norms
of fair play and integrity.
o Clean Competition: Athletes are expected to compete on a level playing field
without artificial advantages.
10. Community Engagement:
 o Community Involvement: Athletes and sports organizations are increasingly
expected to engage with and contribute positively to their communities.

Understanding and adhering to these social norms contribute to a positive sporting culture,
fostering an environment of respect, fairness, and inclusivity. While these norms can vary across
different sports and cultures, they generally align with the principles of sportsmanship and
ethical conduct.

social change in sport

Social change in the context of sports refers to the transformation of societal norms, attitudes,
and practices within the sports community. Athletes, as influential figures, have played a
significant role in driving social change. Here are some ways in which sports personalities
contribute to social change:

1. Advocacy for Social Issues:

o Public Platforms: Prominent athletes often use their public platforms to advocate
for social justice, equality, and human rights.
o Addressing Injustices: Athletes may speak out against systemic issues such as
racial inequality, discrimination, and police brutality.
2. Community Engagement:
o Philanthropy: Many sports personalities engage in philanthropic activities,
supporting various community initiatives and charitable causes.
o Youth Development: Athletes may invest in programs aimed at youth
development, education, and mentorship.
3. Breaking Stereotypes:
o Gender Equality: Female athletes, in particular, challenge gender stereotypes by
excelling in traditionally male-dominated sports.
o Representation: Athletes from diverse backgrounds contribute to breaking racial
and ethnic stereotypes.
4. Inspiration and Empowerment:
o Role Models: Successful athletes serve as role models, inspiring others to
overcome challenges and pursue their dreams.
o Empowering Communities: Athletes can empower marginalized communities
by showcasing resilience and determination.
5. Political Activism:
o Taking Stands: Athletes may engage in political activism, using their influence
to support or oppose specific policies and social movements.
o Protests and Gestures: Actions like taking a knee during the national anthem or
wearing symbolic clothing can draw attention to social issues.
6. Mental Health Advocacy:
o Breaking Stigma: Athletes opening up about their mental health struggles
contribute to reducing the stigma associated with mental health issues.
o Encouraging Support: By sharing their experiences, athletes encourage others to
seek support and prioritize mental well-being.
7. Promotion of Inclusivity:
 o LGBTQ+ Advocacy: Athletes supporting LGBTQ+ rights contribute to fostering
inclusivity in sports.
o Inclusive Language and Behaviors: Promoting inclusive language and
behaviors helps create welcoming environments for all individuals.
8. Educational Initiatives:
o Promoting Education: Athletes may support educational initiatives to address
social issues and promote awareness.
o Scholarship Programs: Establishing scholarship programs can facilitate access
to education for underprivileged individuals.
9. Collaboration with NGOs:
o Partnerships: Athletes often collaborate with non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) to amplify their impact on social issues.
o Humanitarian Work: In times of crisis, athletes may engage in humanitarian
work, providing assistance to affected communities.
10. Environmental Stewardship:
o Sustainable Practices: Athletes may advocate for environmental sustainability
and engage in practices that minimize their environmental impact.
o Supporting Conservation Efforts: Contributions to conservation initiatives
highlight the role of athletes in environmental stewardship.

Athletes have the power to influence social change through their actions, both on and off the
field. Their commitment to social issues contributes to a broader cultural shift and encourages
others to actively engage in creating a more just and equitable society.

HISTORY OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES

The Olympic Games began over 2,700 years ago. The Games started in Olympia which is in south west
Greece. Every four years, around 50,000 people came from all over the Greek world to watch and take
part. This is the stadium at Olympia. It was built during the 4th century BC and it was the largest of its
kind at the time.

An important tradition linking sport and culture, the history of the Olympic Games dates back to over one
thousand years. Although that history may be disjointed in places, the Games have well and truly made a
comeback. Even the early festivals organised by the Ancient Greeks demonstrated the values that still
form the core of the Olympic Spirit today. Moreover, in Antiquity, warring states observed a truce
throughout the sporting competitions – a tradition that continues today, with the United Nations General
Assembly adopting the Olympic Truce ahead of each edition of the Games. The history of the Games is
incredibly rich and spans millennia.

Meaning of the Olympic flag :- The olympic flag It is one of the symbols of the modern Olympic
Games, along with the torch and the medals. It symbolizes the union and peace of nations in sports
competitions. The flag It is composed of five intertwined colored rings or rings on a white background, a
symbol of peace. The rings are arranged three at the bottom and two at the top.
Olympic symbols
In the stadium and its immediate surroundings, the Olympic flag is flown freely together with the flags of
the participating countries. The Olympic flag presented by Coubertin in 1914 is the prototype: it has a
white background, and in the centre there are five interlaced rings—blue, yellow, black, green, and red.
The blue ring is farthest left, nearest the pole. These rings represent the “five parts of the world” joined
together in the Olympic movement.

The motto
In the 19th century, sporting organizations regularly chose a distinctive motto. As the official motto of the
Olympic Games, Coubertin adopted “Citius, altius, fortius,” Latin for “Faster, higher, stronger,” a phrase
apparently coined by his friend Henri Didon, a friar, teacher, and athletics enthusiast. Some people are
now wary of this motto, fearing that it may be misinterpreted as a validation of performance-enhancing
drugs. Equally well known is the saying known as the “credo”: “The most important thing in the Olympic
Games is not to win but to participate.” Coubertin made that statement on a day when the British and
Americans were bitterly disputing who had won the 400-metre race at the 1908 London Games. Although
Coubertin attributed the words to Ethelbert Talbot, an American bishop, recent research suggests that the
words are Coubertin’s own, that he tactfully cited Talbot so as not to appear to admonish personally his
English-speaking friends.

The Olympic five rings meaning

There are five rings in the Olympic games symbol. The rings are interlocked, and the five
colours are blue, yellow, black, green and red respectively, on a white field. This symbol was
originally designed by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1913. He was the founder of the modern
Olympic Games. These five rings represent the five parts of the world now won over to the cause of
olympism and ready to accept its fecund rivalries. What is more, the six colors thus combined reproduce
those of all nations without exception. The Olympic rings were publicly presented for the first time in
1913.

The Olympic flag look like

The Olympic flag depicts the "Olympic rings", five intertwined rings, on a white background. The
current version is based on a first design by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1913, and the current version of
the flag is a symbol known throughout the world as a representation of the Olympic Games and the
Olympic movement.

Origin of the Olympic Games

The first Olympic Games had achieved major importance in Greece by the end of the 6th century BCE.
They began to lose popularity when Greece was conquered by Rome in the 2nd century BCE, and the
Games were officially abolished about 400 CE because of their pagan associations. The Olympics were
revived in the late 19th century, with the first modern Games being held in Greece is 1896.

When are the Olympic Games?

The Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games are each held every four years. After 1992,
when both a Summer and Winter Games were held, they have been held on a staggered two-year schedule
so that the Olympic Games occur every two years in either summer or winter.

Why is there 5 rings in the Olympics?

Based on a design first created by Pierre de Coubertin, the Olympic rings remain a global representation
of the Olympic Movement and its activity. These five rings represent the five parts of the world now
won over to the cause of olympism and ready to accept its fecund rivalries.

The colors on the Olympics symbol mean

The Olympic flag has a white background, with five interlaced rings in the centre: blue, yellow, black,
green and red. This design is symbolic; it represents the five continents of the world, united by
Olympism, while the six colours are those that appear on all the national flags of Many people mistakenly
think that the Olympic rings’ colors represent individual continents, but Coubertin’s idea was that when
combined, the six colors in the Olympic rings (including the white background) would represent all the
national flags of the countries that participated in the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm and,
ultimately, to “reproduce those of all the nations without exception."

Olympic Rings Signify

The five-coloured rings represent the five inhabited continents of the world. These are-
Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania.

The Olympic symbol comprises five rings of five different colours- (left to right)- blue, yellow, black,
green and red. The rings symbolise the union of the five continents, the participation of the athletes at
these Games and express the activity of the Olympic movement.The five-coloured rings represent the five
inhabited continents of the world. These are- Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. No ring
colour represents a particular continent.“These five rings represent the five parts of the world now won
over to the cause of olympism and ready to accept its fecund rivalries. What is more, the six colors thus
combined reproduce those of all nations without exception,”- Pierre de Coubertin, Founder of the
Olympic Movement and the designer of the symbol.As per Rule number eight of the Olympic charter, the
meaning of these rings is as follows:“The Olympic symbol expresses the activity of the Olympic
Movement and represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the
world at the Olympic Games.”

Color represents the Olympics rings

The modern association of each color with a continent dates back to the 1950 edition of the IOC’s
"Green Booklet" in which it stated that This was retracted the following year, but once again the
association was made in the logo of the Association of National Olympic Committees when it placed the
logo of each of its five continental associations inside the ring of the corresponding color.

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The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games and are known for their interconnected,
multicolored design. The colors of the Olympic rings—blue, yellow, black, green, and red—
were chosen by the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin. The colors were
selected because every nation in the world has at least one of them on their national flag.

The symbolic meaning behind the colors is as follows:

1. Blue: Represents Europe

2. Yellow: Represents Asia
3. Black: Represents Africa
4. Green: Represents Oceania
5. Red: Represents the Americas

The interconnected rings symbolize the unity of the five continents and the coming together of
athletes from around the world to participate in the Olympic Games. The Olympic rings were
officially introduced in 1913 and have since become one of the most recognizable symbols
associated with the Olympic movement.

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