6G BSS Technologies
6G BSS Technologies
6G BSS Technologies
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
Authors
AsiaInfo Technologies
White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies, Ye Ouyang, Yaqin Zhang, Peng Wang, Yunxin
Liu, Wen Qiao, Jun Zhu, Yang Liu, Feng Zhang, Shuling Wang, et al. July 2023.
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
Contents
I. Preface ........................................................................................................ 7
II. Evolution of CSP Business and BSS ..................................................... 11
2.1 BSS Characteristics in Communication Generation ........................................11
2.2 Conclusion of BSS Evolution ..........................................................................20
III. 6G Business Support Model ................................................................ 21
3.1 New BSS Requirements of 6G Typical Scenarios ...........................................22
3.2 Reference Framework of BSS .........................................................................25
3.2.1 Business Support Framework from Telecommunication Organizations
......................................................................................................................25
3.2.2 Business Support Reference from Internet Industry ............................29
3.2.3 BSS Evolution and Planning of Operators...........................................33
3.3 6G Domain-based Business Support Model for Digital Innovation ................35
IV. Overall Vision of 6G BSS ..................................................................... 40
V. 6G BSS Potential Technologies ............................................................. 44
5.1 6G BSS Technical Framework ........................................................................46
5.2 6G BSS Key Technologies ..............................................................................48
5.2.1 Total Experience Upgrade Based on Intelligent Customer Avatars ....48
5.2.2 Upgrade of Interaction Methods Based on Intention Perception .........49
5.2.3 Visual Operation Based on Intelligent Digital Twins ..........................50
5.2.4 Automated Operations Based on Self-adaptive AI ..............................52
5.2.5 Distributed Application Based on Cloud-edge-terminal Integration ...52
5.2.6 Native Network Security Based on Blockchain Trusted Identity
Authentication ..............................................................................................53
5.2.7 Minimalist Development Based on Super Automation and Platform
Engineering...................................................................................................54
5.2.8 Automatic Operation & Maintenance Based on Digital Immune
System ..........................................................................................................56
5.2.9 Data Capitalization Based on Data Fabric ...........................................57
5.2.10 Maximizing Data Value Based on Privacy Computing .....................60
5.2.11 PaaS Capability Evolution Based on Sustainable Cloud Computing
Model ............................................................................................................62
5.2.12 Cloudified Architecture Based on High Performance Computing ....64
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List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Intergenerational Characteristics of BSS of Operators .................................................... 11
Figure 3-1 Business Model of Communication Operators ................................................................21
Figure 3-2 eTOM Model of TM Forum ............................................................................................28
Figure 3-3 ODA Functional Architecture of TM Forum ...................................................................28
Figure 3-4 Business Model for Web3.0.............................................................................................31
Figure 3-5 4C Model of Communication Business ...........................................................................32
Figure 4-1 BSS Vision for 6G ...........................................................................................................40
Figure 5-1 Potential Key Technologies of 6G BSS ...........................................................................44
Figure 5-2 6G BSS Technical Framework ........................................................................................46
Figure 5-3 Decentralized Identity Solution Based on Blockchain ....................................................54
Figure 5-4 Platform Engineering Technology ...................................................................................56
Figure 5-5 Digital Immune System Technology ...............................................................................57
Figure 5-6 Data Fabric Technology ..................................................................................................59
Figure 5-7 Schematic Diagram of Secure Multi-party Computing ...................................................61
Figure 5-8 Schematic Diagram of Federated Learning .....................................................................62
Figure 6-1 PDCA Operation Management Model ............................................................................70
Figure 6-2 6G BSS Reference Architecture ......................................................................................76
Figure 7-1 Status of 5G BSS Five-tier Architecture .........................................................................79
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List of Tables
Table 3-1 Operator Business Model for the 6G Era ..........................................................................38
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I. Preface
With the evolution of communication technology from 1G to 5G, operators have also
experienced changes from the era of telecom services to consumer Internet and then
industrial Internet. The diversification and specialization of the information and commu-
nication business offer operators new avenues of development. As the digital economy
gains momentum in boosting global economic growth, traditional CSP (communication
service provider) operators are prioritizing integrated development of ICT (Information
and Communication Technology) infrastructure and business, upgrading cloud network
infrastructure, creating a new business model of cloud-network integration, and actively
promoting the digital and intelligent transformation of the whole industry to empower
the development of global digital economy [1].
In the 1990s, the commercialization of the Internet began a new era of digital economy,
known as Web1.0, characterized by the “Internet of information” and personal comput-
ers. 1G/2G digital technologies just began to replace analog technology to provide voice
communication, and mobile communication and the Internet were completely independ-
ent from each other. In 2004, the Web2.0 era, or the era of “interactive Internet” began,
allowing users to not only consume information, but publish their own content on the
Internet. The 3G/4G mobile communication technologies enabled the public to share text
and pictures through smart mobile terminals, leading to the rise of mobile Internet with
better experience and bringing great commercial benefits to operators. This ultimately
led to the consumer Internet which constitutes the foundation of digital economy. With
5G commercialization, operators are accelerating their transformation into digital ser-
vice operators, hoping to seize the opportunities brought by digital economy as builders
of digital infrastructure and enablers of industrial digital and intelligent transformation.
According to G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative adopted by
G20 leaders at the G20 Summit in September 2016, the digital economy refers to a broad
range of economic activities that use digitized information and knowledge as the key
factor of production, modern information networks as the important activity space, and
information and communication technology as an important driver for efficiency-en-
hancing and economic structural optimization[2]. On September 4, 2019, the United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) released its first Digital
Economy Report, stating that an entirely new “data value chain” has evolved, and
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businesses that build digital platforms have a major advantage in the data-driven
economy [3]. With the advantages of the Internet of Everything in the 5G network, oper-
ators are promoting cloud-network collaboration and computing and network conver-
gence, while establishing computing-aware networks based on their cloud-network in-
frastructure resources. The operators will also promote the digital upgrading of thou-
sands of industries through a strong government & enterprise customer base and the
ever-increasing integrated solution capability, which will create a medium- and long-
term expansion engine for operators and lay the foundation for the sustainable and high-
quality business development. In addition, the combination of 5G and artificial intelli-
gence (AI) has been regarded by the industry as the latest generation of general purpose
technologies, which will boost productivity and empower vertical industries, and accel-
erate the development of AI in the communication ecology domain over the next decade
[4]
.
In the evolution from 5G to 6G, the development of Internet and IT (Information Tech-
nology) provides strong support for the informatization of 6G-oriented CT (Communi-
cation Technology). Based on this, DOICT (Data, Operation, Information and commu-
nication technologies) convergence will be the core of digital technology innovation in
the future and the evolution direction of digital information infrastructure. Web3.0 pro-
posed in 2014, which represents the next generation of a decentralized Internet, aims to
realize “those who create will own” through decentralized technologies such as block-
chain so as to break up the current monopoly of Internet companies and reshape the
Internet value chain. Users own the content and data they created, and the value gener-
ated thereof can also be distributed as per the agreement between the platform and users.
[5]
Therefore, Web3.0 is also called the “Internet of Value” . The metaverse based on
Web3.0 is a virtual world that is linked and created by means of technology, mapped and
interacted with the real world, and a digital living space with a new social system. It can
be said that it is a new type of Internet application and social form that integrates multiple
new technologies. In the ideal metaverse, the digital world will be as important as the
real world. Inside the metaverse, users can enter the digital world at any time by utilizing
digital avatars and confirming their identity through the use of Internet tokens, and they
also have more extensive control over their personal data. Although communication op-
erators have established their position in the digital economy by developing 4G and 5G
networks in the Web2.0 era, and won corresponding opportunities in consumer business
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and enterprise-level business respectively, they are plagued by bottlenecks in the tradi-
tional consumer business and diversified demands of enterprise-level business, which
cannot be settled by a single communication technology in a closed loop. In this context,
communication operators hope to develop 6G network technology that is more efficient,
cost-effective, and can support novel business models. This is in response to consumers’
constant demand for better experience, the vertical industry’s need for high-quality and
flexible radio networks, and the vision of innovative development through Web3.0 busi-
ness model. The metaverse has huge demands for computing and network resources. The
massive real-time information interaction and immersive experience of the metaverse on
the infrastructure need to be based on the continuous improvement of communication
technology and computing power. As the main provider of computing and network ser-
vices, operators can undoubtedly enhance the perceptual and intelligent capacities of 6G
networks to effectively connect computing power services to support new application,
and establish a crucial position in the metaverse by taking the initiative to become service
[6]
providers of metaverse infrastructure . In addition, in the 6G era, operators need to
further integrate the relevant DOICT to realize the business support capability of com-
puting and network convergence, and develop diversified value-added business through
“connection + computing power + capability” based on their profound network technol-
ogy and operation technology, so as to better meet the development of next-generation
Internet applications.
To sum up, in developing 6G networks and continuously transforming into digital ser-
vice providers, communication operators also pay attention to new business models
brought about by the development of the next-generation Internet and IT while focusing
on the intergenerational research of communication technology. They should also up-
grade from “network-centric” to “business and service centric” and “customer-centric”
according to the basic laws of digital economy. The upgrade of IT support system, which
carries business development and operation, will also be an important part of its own
transformation. The traditional IT support system of operators includes three subsystems:
business support system (BSS), operation support system (OSS) and management sup-
port system (MSS), which are interrelated and bear different responsibilities. However,
with the improvement of 6G network capability, the market demand is more extensive
and the competition is more intense, which requires to further strengthen BSS and OSS
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integration regarding basic 6G computing and network services, to improve the opera-
tional efficiency and benefits of customers by vertically connecting the digital intelli-
gence support capabilities on both sides of supply and demand, and to further integrate
BSS and MSS so as to horizontally connect the whole business process from strategy to
implementation and realize business innovation.
This White Paper will focus on business requirements of operators in the 6G era, as well
as how they evolve and upgrade their digital BSS to realize sustainable business inno-
vation.
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primary stage of development had limited capacities and could only support voice com-
munication. Devices and handheld terminals were too expensive to be widely used for
civilian purpose. Therefore, the business system mainly provided support for phone
numbers based on voice business, including basic functions such as number management,
number selection, monthly billing, opening of selected number, number billing and fee
collection.
The 1st generation BSS back then was still in the initial phase in terms of capability
support, so the single server solution was enough to meet the demand. At that time, the
computer system was not advanced, and the application systems were all independent of
each other, with no layered service or modern databases and Web servers. Application
codes were usually written in C, Fortran, COBOL, dBASE (and compatible products),
compiled into single executable files, or run by script loading.
This generation of BSS was still positioned to meet the management needs of operators
themselves, but has begun to seek breakthroughs and innovations in customer service
experience. Entering the 2G era, mobile communication business thrived, offering more
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sophisticated business support functions such as SMS, paging, MMS and simple Internet
access.
BSS began to split into business, billing and customer service subsystems, in
which the business system was responsible for completing the sales, changes
and payment of mobile phones, numbers and services, the billing system was
responsible for completing the data collection, measurement, pricing and billing,
and the customer service system was responsible for supporting customer
service by separating the traffic from the system.
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With the development of the telecom industry and advancement in technology, TOM
framework has gradually shown weaknesses, e.g. its limited management scope and dif-
ficulty in supporting emerging technologies. Therefore, TM Forum put forward the
eTOM (enhanced Telecom Operations Map) framework in 2001 as an improved and up-
graded version of the TOM framework. The eTOM framework is designed to be more
comprehensive, flexible and modern, extending and updating the TOM framework. The
eTOM framework covers all business activities of telecom operators, including customer
management, business development, operation management, resource management,
quality management, among others, and it can support various traditional and emerging
technologies.
With the TOM framework as the predecessor and basis, the eTOM framework is the
evolution and upgrade of the TOM framework, providing more best practices and stand-
ardized business processes. The eTOM framework has become an international standard
of telecom service management, and has been widely used in the management practice
of telecom operators. Thanks to the eTOM framework, the 3G BSS can provide telecom
operators with more comprehensive and in-depth business process management and op-
timization.
At this phase, with the increasing competition in the communication market, operators
began to turn to customer-centric, committed to providing customers with better pre-sale,
sale and after-sale services. In addition, in terms of cooperation paradigm, BSS began to
provide comprehensive management of upstream and downstream partners, including
partner life cycle management, partner product management, partner settlement man-
agement, etc.
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various combined commodities, and the marketing business model has changed
from commodity-centered to “customer-centric”, driven by the need to meet
customers’ demands.
Technically, the multi-tier architecture was introduced to support the system design re-
form of BSS: In the 3G era, the application framework shifted from CS to BS, accom-
panied by the transition from Web1.0 to Web2.0. This led to the emergence of MVC
application architecture, in which M stands for model, V stands for view, and C stands
for control. With business segmented and services being reused, control, model and view
layers are subdivided into more layers, and RPC and Restful API open technologies were
developed alongside MVC.
At this phase, operators have shifted from providing customer communication and net-
work connection services to meeting customers’ comprehensive information service
needs. In order to better seize the booming development opportunities of mobile Internet
and cope with the challenge of the rising OTT vendors, operators have begun to cooper-
ate with mainstream Internet service providers in depth. Therefore, BSS has higher re-
quirements in supporting the openness and automation of value chain cooperation.
At this phase, the functional design of BSS has the following characteristics:
Digital business innovation: In the digital age where data has become a
valuable asset, it’s natural for the operators to extend their business via
datalization, i.e., using the collected data for the business or the product itself.
It includes two levels, data intelligence and data innovation. As for the data
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New three-party model [13]: With the monetization of ebb tide services, service
owners provide services for service users by using their own surplus service
value, and more services can be monetized by service users paying directly or
through third party payment service. The three-party relationship involved in
this monetization is different from the previous customer-user-account model
in the 2G era, forming a new three-party model relationship, that is, the many-
to-many relationship among the owner, the user and the payer. Among them,
the owner can own the products of multiple operators, and these products can
be used by users different from the owner. The bills from different owners can
be paid by the users themselves or through different payers, and users can even
pay part of the bills from different owners through different payers, thus
forming a very complicated and flexible many-to-many relationship.
Technically, BSS has introduced the current new computer application development
mode, presenting the following characteristics:
Building a big data center: Mobile Internet services have brought massive
unstructured data to operators, including behavior data, access data, etc. In order
to release the data value, explore business opportunities, discover users’
consumption habits, and reasonably recommend more services, operators have
introduced big data centers, and then concentrated on analysis and processing
according to business needs.
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At this phase, the functional design of BSS has the following characteristics:
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Value network [14]: Value network is the expansion and promotion of the value
chain. The value network is to reconstruct the original value chain around the
customer value, and it is a network of connections and exchanges of multiple
value chains in multiple links through the interaction between different levels
and different subjects in the network. The network formed by these
relationships will generate network effects, and individuals or organizations at
each network node can create or gain more value from this aggregation. The
functional design of the 5G BSS has taken the support for the value network
into consideration, and has made various explorations in maintaining the
customer ecology.
The technical system of cloud computing has been incorporated into the system archi-
tecture of BSS, specifically including:
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Service innovation is the main driving force of BSS evolution and development.
Communication services are initially determined by the capabilities of
communication technology, mainly focusing on the capacity of suppliers, and
then gradually transform to the needs of customers, combining with the overall
business trend of the information industry (such as internetization).
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The 6G network has sensing function that allows it to provide active positioning
service for communication objects and passive positioning service for non-
communication objects. It uses communication signals to realize sensing
functions such as detection, positioning, recognition and imaging of the targets,
obtain the information of the surrounding environment, and help to complete
the digital virtualization of entities in the environment. Typical scenario
services include precise positioning, environmental reconstruction, security
imaging, drone delivery, and autonomous driving.
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have become important themes in the 6G era. It can be seen that the 6G
business needs an open 6G network to provide the communication
capability of intelligence of everything, and it also needs to combine
domain knowledge and integrate emerging technologies to empower digital
intelligence upgrades for thousands of industries.
Faced with these changes, operators must further improve digital efficiency and empow-
erment, and transform from communication service provider (CSP) to digital service
provider (DSP) before the advent of the 6G era. The improvement of digital efficiency
means that operators need to optimize the process and framework of BSS, introduce new
technologies, continuously improve the efficiency and scalability of core businesses, and
complete the transformation from omni-channel customer center to automated network
operation center, including intelligent demand decomposition, ultra-automated service
experience, all-round service efficiency evaluation, adaptive service optimization and
other business support closed loops. Due to the improvement of digital empowerment,
operators have to explore how to support a new digital ecosystem in BSS, extending
from the communication field to manufacturing, automotive industry, health industry
and smart cities. Operators will go beyond “pipeline business” and establish “platform
business model”, thus completing the transformation from “building competitive ad-
vantage based on network resources” to “empowering ecology based on network re-
sources”. To this end, operators need to build a more refined product and service system
in conjunction with the ecology to promote business prosperity; BSS needs to support
the rapid iteration and convergence of business cooperation mode to meet the demands
for rapid introduction by partners and opening-up.
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Around 2009, in order to meet the industry demands amid the ICT convergence trend
and the development of digital media and digital services, TM Forum revised the eTOM
model, removed the label of telecommunications and established the BFM (Business
Process Framework) model which eventually became the business architecture in ODA
(Open Digital Architecture) [24].
Although the IT support system of operators in the early stage has developed rapidly
with the business growth, many problems have been exposed in the process of construc-
tion, deployment and application and some have seriously affected the sustainable de-
velopment of the system. The construction and operation of the operations management
system have a direct impact on the overall cost, management and service of the commu-
nication operations. Therefore, in the process of participating in enterprise information
construction, operators have also begun to apply the general enterprise IT service man-
agement methods and standards. Among them, the ITIL, a process-centered IT manage-
ment industry standard, is a typical standard and method. IT service management over-
sees the full life cycle of IT services, which involves human resources, organizational
structure, management, process and technology, and other aspects, including pre-re-
search, planning and construction, operation & maintenance of IT [25].
On February 27, 2023, the industry-wide initiative plan of GSMA Open Gateway was
grandly released at the Mobile World Congress (MWC 2023). GSMA Open Gateway is
a universal network API framework, which aims to provide a universal access interface,
facilitate developers and cloud service providers to access operators’ networks faster,
and enhance and deploy related services [26]. Currently, in the plan of GSMA Open Gate-
way, eight universal network APIs have been launched, including SIM card exchange,
QoD, device state (access or roaming status), code verification, edge site selection and
routing, code verification (SMS 2FA), operator billing-withdrawal and device location
(verification location). It is expected that more APIs will be launched in 2023 according
to the initiative plan.
With the construction of 5G network, the communication industry is becoming the van-
guard of the digital era, and its information system has also changed from a business
supporter to a business enabler, becoming a tool for operators to fully empower the dig-
ital society. Therefore, facing the evolution of 6G network, operators need to define their
business support capabilities more comprehensively and systematically.
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On the whole, TM Forum defined the open digital architecture (ODA)[15] in 2019, and
provided a possible system architecture reference for 6G BSS. This architecture intended
to replace the traditional operation support system (OSS) and business support system
(BSS) with a new method, and provides the future-oriented blueprint, language and a set
of key design principles accepted by the industry. ODA mainly includes five parts:
Through the collaboration of these five parts, operators can define their business archi-
tecture according to the ever-changing business model, and create a digital BSS capable
of efficient, agile and automatic operation & maintenance like building blocks.
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Strategy and Infrastructure life cycle Product life cycle Operation support and Billing and revenue
Business opening Business guarantee
agreement management management preparation management
Market strategy and tactics Market research Sales development M arketing support and preparation Sales management M arketing perform ance m anagem ent Bill and invoice management
Bill payment and accounts
Market Sales strategy and planning Loyalty program management Contact/m anagem ent of potential users Sales performance management
receivable management
/ Marketing Sales forecasting Marketing communications management
Processing of bill inquiry
Market brand management Marketing activity management
Billing event management
Customer experience strategy Customer support and Order processing Customer problem handling Recharge management
and planning preparation
Customer Qos/SLA management Balance management
Customer Customer experience
management User management
Customer interaction management
客户信息管理
Service strategy and planning Service capability delivery Service development and exit Service management/operation Service configuration and Service problem handling Service guidance and
Service support and preparation activation
Service quality management
deployment
Resource strategy and planning Resource capability delivery Resource development and exit Resource management Resources opening Resource problem handling Resource allocation and
/operation support and reporting
Resource preparation Resource performance management
Employee management Resource data collection and distribution
Enterprise Strategy and Finance and asset Knowledge and Stakeholder and external Enterprise risk Enterprise process Human resource General process
企业 relationship management
management enterprise planning management research management management management management management
Although the information system architecture under the ODA system provides a refer-
ence for BSS implementation in the communication industry, the ODA only presents the
logical framework of the key function grouping L0 of BSS. It also identifies and captures
five decoupled functional modules related to the work done by the organization, and
connects and integrates them through the Open API (as shown in Figure 3-3). For the
L0-L1 expansion, the business process in light of the eTom business model needs to be
further refined.
In the future, the 6G BSS system can further evolve on the ODA functional architecture,
and introduce corresponding capabilities in combination with the development of the
Internet to build a more open and flexible digital business support capability from the
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As a result of Web2.0’s centralized nature, the data from all aspects is collected by a few
dominant players due to mergers and restructuring within the internet industry. This
brings huge profits for the industry giants, but meanwhile has created social injustice
and insecurity. Then, Web3.0, based on blockchain, DAPP, semantic web and other tech-
nologies came into being, with the prospect of breaking the monopoly mechanism built
on the platform in the Web2.0 era, and a large number of bottom-up innovations are
quietly taking place. In this process, the research on business model is also in full swing.
[27,28,29,30]
At present, the industry generally adopts bottom-up induction to list various
business models that have been implemented (such as charging according to License and
[31]
blockchain service). On this basis, reference summarizes the business model as
shown in Figure 3-4. Its core idea is to promote multi-party cooperation and jointly cre-
ate ecological prosperity around the core value model of key roles, based on consistent
blockchain model, ecological expansion model and incentive distribution rules. In es-
sence, Web3.0 is to build a trusted digital society by imposing a wide range of constraint
rules on a low-trust network through technology. From the perspective of value creation
and value flow, Web3.0 inherits and continues the successful paradigm in Web2.0. With
the implementation of production modes such as DAO, more innovations can be ex-
pected in the future. The related digital capabilities supporting Web3.0 businesses are
divided into technologies of the basic layer, platform layer and application layer. The
basic layer technology consists of the convergence technology of blockchain, including
distributed ledger, consensus algorithm, cryptography technology, smart contract, dis-
tributed storage, cross-chain, etc. The platform layer technology includes AI, big data,
extended reality (XR), cloud computing, rendering, 3D modeling and so on. Application
layer technologies include a wider variety and offer more possibilities, suggesting huge
potential for the integration and development of various technologies. Therefore, practi-
tioners of Web3.0 are also providing related services and improving the corresponding
BSS from the bottom up around decentralized enabling technology.
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In terms of connection enablement, the communication technology has built a more ste-
reoscopic and prosperous cyberspace than the Internet. How to maximize the ecological
value of operators based on the powerful cyberspace? 6G Flagship and other organiza-
tions [16,18,19] once introduced the 4C business model framework [17], which was applied
to Web2.0, into the communication field (as shown in Figure 3-5). The purpose of this
was to better cope with the increasingly diversified products and services of communi-
cation operators. From the business development of the Internet industry, the following
points are worthy of reference for the communication industry:
Change the business support from internal service to customer service, and
focus on customer experience.
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In practice, operators have also expanded their flow management business with the help
of the mobile Internet Connection capability provided by 4G, and began to gradually
introduce the cloud native and big data of the Internet to improve the agility and intelli-
gence of consumer business support, and then further expanded the industrial-level dig-
ital business through the cloudified middle platform service under the capability support
of the 5G Internet of Everything. For the future 6G era, operators should not only con-
sider the continuous influence of Web2.0, but pay attention to the new business model
and business innovation brought by Web3.0. Their digital BSS shall be enhanced in the
following aspects:
With the innovation of the underlying technology from 4G, 5G to 6G, the
standard connection value of communication operators is improving, including
horizontal (perception capability, computing power integration capability, ICT
convergence, etc.) and vertical (extreme improvement of network
communication performance indicators) value expansion. As a result, the
underlying core value construction is no longer limited to the network, but
extends to the dimensions of computing power, perception terminal and storage
power.
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To respond to these changes, the global mainstream BSS manufacturers and even oper-
ators have put forward a series of corresponding technologies, products and solution
systems. For example, the established communication BSS manufacturers Amdocs, Er-
icsson, Huawei, AsiaInfo, the international operator Verizon, and the three major domes-
tic operators in China have provided corresponding solutions for the common needs of
global operators.
The digital brand experience support system provided by Amdocs is a digital customer
management, commercial and monetization solution based on the existing BSS, which
is specially designed for the digital brand needs of service providers, who need to pro-
vide digital experience for their customers while maintaining agility, innovation and
rapid launching capability. This solution helps operators to streamline the closed loop of
their business support by pre-building business and technical processes across the full
life cycle, including customer care, business, ordering and monetization. In addition,
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Amdocs provides cloud migration service on BSS, which is planned and executed by
Amdocs in cooperation with AWS, involving a large number of BSS data, for the purpose
of providing better personalized user experience, improving self-service adoption rate
and greater flexibility.
AsiaInfo has proposed the concept of “global virtualization, global intelligentization and
global perception” (“three global domains” for short) of 5G to enhance the technical
evolution of 5G private network, 5G network intelligentization, computing network and
customer experience management (CEM) towards 3GPP 5G Advanced. They focus on
three major technology modules (cloud network, IT and digital intelligence) and the
technical evolution of Top X core technology of three major middle platform systems
(technical middle platform, data middle platform and AI middle platform), as well as the
continuous evolution of BO convergence technology.
In response to the global wave of digital economy, international operators have devel-
oped a variety of technologies and solutions for enterprise support systems, such as dig-
ital transformation solutions, cloud solutions, mobile solutions, and IoT solutions.
Beyond the enterprise market, the metaverse business based on Web3.0 may reshape all
aspects of personal life. The first obvious business opportunity brought about by the
metaverse for communication operators is the upgrade of connectivity. With the support
of the 6G network, the metaverse business will move from those such as simulation ac-
tivities, customer seminars, webinars, and digital twins for corporate operation to higher-
level metaverse application scenarios such as immersive XR, holographic imaging, and
sensory interconnection. In the face of the changes brought about by the metaverse, some
operators do not hope to be simple connection providers. For example, Deutsche Tele-
kom recently cooperated with Telecom to bring the Korean operator’s ifland Metaverse
platform to Europe, allowing users to create virtual images and establish virtual confer-
ences in the “New World”. For operators, the metaverse will be an opportunity to estab-
lish partnerships and do more than connection service providers. Operators may have
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the opportunity to provide a “business platform” to use the combination of product cat-
alog, bills, charging, partner management, care, sales and marketing to power the inno-
vative businesses based on the metaverse. Metaverse has opened up a variety of new
methods for the business innovation of operators. In the metaverse based on Web3.0, the
potential for new business model, personalized contextual advertising & services, and
value-added sales of digital content are enormous, but this also highlights the need for
the existing BSS to provide a high degree of openness, adaptability and flexibility.
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First, the 6G network will greatly enhance the connection advantages of operators in
infrastructure resources, enabling operators to adjust, integrate and enhance computing
power with the support of the network, build blockchain based network infrastructure
for Web3.0, and widely connect infrastructure providers through the 6G network so as
to integrate network-wide resources. Second, operators can open up the CT capabilities
of 6G network like Internet companies, introduce IT, DT, and OT capabilities, and create
assembled full stack digital technology services for production developers, in order to
support the innovative development of digital business. Third, based on ubiquitous com-
puting-aware network and full stack digital technology capabilities, operators can en-
hance their own digital business innovation, and also work with partners to promote
industrial digital business innovation. Finally, operators need to establish corresponding
ecological cooperation at different levels such as resource supply, production & devel-
opment and business innovation based on their core capabilities, in order to ensure the
sustainable development of the 6G business. A customer-centric total experience and
integrated operation and empowerment will run through the above domains, and the cor-
responding 6G BSS will further improve the operation efficiency of operators in re-
sponse to the above needs and upgrade the business support ability for external empow-
erment.
To improve the digital empowerment efficiency for operators, 6G BSS needs to fully
support ecological cooperation in a more open form:
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In order to implement the above design elements and adhere to the principles of decou-
pling and collaboration, this White Paper proposes a domain-based business focus and
collaborative cooperation model for digital innovation (see Table 3-1 below) to support
the digital innovation of 6G business.
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Operation domain: This domain will break down the institutional and
technical barriers of various domains of operators, and achieve comprehensive
automation of operation processes for safety production requirements and
business use processes. It will focus on automation and intelligentization of
operations across all domains.
Resource domain: This domain will determine the core basic resources and
corresponding resource management methods of operators, with a special focus
on the overall resource utilization rate, as well as lean resource integration and
operational management of resources.
Business domain: This domain will determine the business process and
operation mode, formulate corresponding product plans, and provide core
functions to ensure the best user experience. It will focus on deliverable services
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
and products, and ensure the full life cycle management of products and
commodities.
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
Experience
(scenario-based)
Enable
Ecosystem (value-based) Operation
the (super-
6G automated,
digital native
Business (diverse)
safety and
business security)
innovation
Production (flexible)
Resource (sharing)
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[32,33]
through cloud-edge-terminal distributed and container technologies,
which are mainly reflected in:
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6G BSS will be a system for application ecosystem and value chain, so the sharing of
resources among applications, scenarios, and partner support systems is very important.
Based on this requirement, a sustainable cloud computing model needs to be introduced
in the resource domain to support a cloud computing environment that is not entirely
owned and controlled by operators. In addition, due to the concept of 6G sensing as a
network and its E2E capabilities for vertical industries, cloud-edge-terminal integration
technology is naturally introduced to share cloud-edge-terminal computing resources. It
is also necessary to introduce distributed scheduling technology to achieve unified re-
source scheduling.
Due to the complexity and importance of the system in the 6G era (considering its in-
volvement in core production and personal health), it will be necessary for individuals to
exert their personal initiative to achieve democratization of manufacturing. Based on such
premise, intelligent digital twins and data fabric technology may be introduced into the
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
production domain. Intelligent digital twin technology can provide comprehensive per-
ception and prediction capabilities for system managers, thereby essentially improving the
controllability of the system; furthermore, data fabric technology can provide data inte-
gration capabilities of low cost and high timeliness, which will be a good foundation for
monetization of operational data.
At the level of business domain, considering the requirements of the Internet of Every-
thing and interactive perception in the 6G era, supporting business diversification will
become the development trend of BSS. Therefore, the ability of AI will become the key
for operators to stand out from the competition. To achieve business diversification, it is
necessary to introduce self-adaptive AI technology to enable operators to avoid long train-
ing and parameter adjustment processes when using AI technology. It is particularly cru-
cial to allow AI technology to adapt to the business. Due to the complexity of business
and the diversity of participants, it will be very important to introduce business hypervis-
ualization technology to respond to the market and application ecology in time. Similarly,
in order to reconcile the need for system participants to use data in fierce competition and
the growing awareness of various stakeholders to data privacy, the introduction of privacy
computing technology will be inevitable.
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
Platform engineering
High-
perfor
manc Trust Self-
Cloud e ed adap
Cloud side Service cloudi identit tive
layer Sustai Data Cloud Sup Intell Proliferation
native fied y AI
nable fabric -edge- er igent of intelligence
platform archit cloud and authe
termi DIM auto digit
ecture nticati
comp privacy nal mati al
on
uting comput integr on twin
based
model ing ation
Storage on
layer block
chain
Edge
Terminal
The entire technical framework follows the platform engineering philosophy in order to
optimize the developer experience and accelerate the product team’s speed for creating
value for customers. For different business domains, BSS, as an industry cloud platform,
can provide industry modular capabilities to support industry application scenarios by
combining SaaS, platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). The
platform truly realized “continuous and ubiquitous learning and perpetual updates” across
different business ecosystems, offering AI services and applications to every end user and
allowing real-time and reliable AI intelligence to become a faithful partner for every indi-
vidual, family and industry, thus achieving proliferation of intelligence.
When any interested party takes any type of action, BSS will generate “observable data”
containing digital features, such as logs, traces, API calls, dwell times, downloads and file
transfers and feed back all observable characteristic data in a highly coordinated and inte-
grated manner to create a decision-making cycle, thereby improving the effectiveness of
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
BSS can adopt a zero trust security model to ensure security. In essence, zero trust is to
authenticate all assets such as personnel, devices and servers and build an identity centric
trust evaluation and dynamic access control system to ensure security protection for busi-
ness data access. That is, through the zero trust business access model, it ensures that the
correct people, use the correct terminals, use the correct authority to access the correct
business at any network location and obtain the correct data. A decentralized trusted iden-
tity authentication solution based on blockchain can be applied to identity authentication
and manage keys in decentralized related business scenarios.
BSS can also introduce low code platforms, which can enhance communication efficiency
between business teams and IT departments by reducing losses caused by human commu-
nication. For developers, low code platforms eliminate the tedious and repetitive coding
work in the development process, and can effectively reduce labor costs and improve the
development efficiency. In terms of low code, the super APP solution adopted provides a
very convenient service. With strong third-party integration capabilities, it offers multiple
services by a single application and can save resource and realize data sharing. On this
basis, a super automated business technology platform is constructed, which is composed
of a business automation orchestration module, a data governance module, a data flow
orchestration modeling module, an AI algorithm module, a visualization module and a
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SmartAgent module. For scenarios where process standardization rates can be applied, the
platform can comprehensively solve manual errors in business processes and improves
enterprise process efficiency.
With the upgrading of computing and network infrastructure brought by the 6G network,
[36]
the customer avatar based on Web3.0 is expected to significantly enhance the total
experience of the metaverse as a killer application: customer avatar, as customer’s digital
avatar, uses the key of an Internet token to smoothly navigate different applications, while
enterprise employees can also verify the identity of the same user, both parties have es-
tablished a mutual trust relationship based on trusted technology; customer avatar pro-
vides customers with personal data management throughout their full life cycle, including
authorizing third parties to use data and personal data transaction. Enterprises obtain legal
and compliant data utilization rights through smart contracts, and employees do not need
to worry about compromising their personal privacy; customer avatar provides an open
interface that allows customers to purchase and access intelligent services provided by
enterprises, enabling them to act as intelligent assistants to help customers effectively
manage the interaction behavior and time of the metaverse. In terms of user experience
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and multiple experiences, regardless of the device or terminal, customers can interact with
their main or even unique contact customer avatar in a natural way. For example, a virtual
reality helmet can be operated through voice intonation, eye movement, facial expressions
and even body language, while wearable watches, allows user to interact through voice,
or text, in an environment that requires silence. In short, all parties in the metaverse com-
municate effectively by natural language interaction at different contacts through cus-
tomer avatar. Customer avatar can always be online, react in real time, and continuously
optimize itself.
In the metaverse era supported by 6G network, customer journey will become the most
fundamental and core element, and effective management and sharing of customer jour-
ney will become the cornerstone of continuous optimization and total experience [37]. The
characteristics of current customer journey data aggregation are that data needs to be in-
jected in a real-time, agile and continuous manner, and data from different systems and
sources need to be matched based on the unified identity of the customer. In the customer
journey analysis phase, the focus is on connecting customer behavior trajectory data from
different channels, contacts and interfaces based on time series to reveal the customer’s
true history trajectory, replacing the original scattered analysis of contacts with linear tra-
jectory path analysis. In terms of the application of customer journey strategy, it can sim-
ultaneously bring benefits in the three dimensions of enterprise value beliefs (product
leadership, customer intimacy and operational excellence), focusing on four aspects: op-
eration efficiency enhancement, experience improvement, revenue growth and customer
loyalty. With customer avatar as an innovative interface for user experience, customer-
centric, immersive and wrap-around integrated contact services will become the main-
stream in the future. The granularity of contact, communication and interaction between
enterprises and customers will become increasingly detailed, covering a wider customer
journey and a more extensive multi-dimensional service space.
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the interaction method based on natural input/output modes such as voice, coupled with
intention perception[38], will definitely promote the upgrade of interaction method.
Using BSS based on intention perception, voice input and other technologies can achieve
rapid upgrades in interaction methods, greatly reduce the threshold for system use, and
enable end customers, temporary employees and others to use the system efficiently and
accurately. In addition, it can also improve production efficiency, enable users to obtain
more accurate business operation data faster, and make timely and accurate responses to
the market.
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[39]
The intelligent digital twin technology allows entities or processes in the physical
world to be digitally mirrored and replicated in the digital world. Intelligent interactions
between people and people, people and objects, objects and objects may be achieved
through mappings in the digital world. By mining rich historical and real-time data in the
digital world and generating perceptual and cognitive intelligence through advanced al-
gorithmic models, the digital world can simulate, verify, predict and control physical en-
tities or processes, thereby obtaining the optimal state of the physical world. Intelligent
digital twin technology can provide many possibilities in various fields: in the medical
field, medical systems can duplicate the patient information via digital twin to make dis-
ease diagnosis and determine the best treatment plan; in the industrial field, optimizing
product design through the digital domain can reduce costs and improve efficiency; in the
agricultural field, using digital twin to simulate and deduce agricultural production pro-
cesses can predict adverse factors and improve agricultural production and land use effi-
ciency; in the field of network operation & maintenance, through closed-loop interaction
between digital and physical domains, cognitive intelligence, automated operation &
maintenance and other operations, the network can quickly adapt to complex and dynamic
environments, thus achieving “autonomous” throughout the full life cycle of operation &
maintenance, such as planning, construction, monitoring, optimization and self-healing.
The application of intelligent digital twin technology in BSS can include two aspects:
system twin and business twin. In terms of system twin, BSS can use twin technology to
construct their own operation & maintenance system: for example, twin technology can
be used to reflect the system architecture and system operation status in real time, thereby
detecting system operation problems easily; the twin can also be used to simulate some
extreme scenarios (such as large-scale sports events held in cities), so as to predict poten-
tial problems for the system operation under such scenarios and explore better system
resource configuration for higher operation performance or reduced system costs. In terms
of business twin, digital twin technology may be used to enhance the observability of
applications and provide real-time analysis and intuitive presentation capacities for actual
data generated during enterprise operations. Digital twin technology may also be used to
simulate business decision results, predict the effects of marketing plans, etc., facilitating
proactive and informed decision-making of operators in a relatively short period of time.
As a result, operators can further meet the customer-centric digital transformation needs
and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
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Self-adaptive AI [40] refers to the ability of an AI system to automatically adjust its param-
eters and behavior based on the current environment and tasks to better complete tasks.
This type of AI system can remain effective in ever-changing environments and continu-
ously improve its performance through learning. In this case, the AI system does not need
human intervention, and can learn and adjust independently to adapt to the new situation.
The self-adaptive AI technology can improve the operation efficiency and performance of
BSS. This technology can automatically monitor the operating status of BSS and automat-
ically adjust parameters based on the system needs and performance. For example, when
a system requires more computing power, the self-adaptive AI technology can automati-
cally expand the computing resources of the system; when the system is operating nor-
mally, the operating parameters of the system can be automatically adjusted to save energy
and improve performance. In addition, the self-adaptive AI technology can also continu-
ously improve the system performance through learning, enabling the system to respond
to ever-changing environments and needs.
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In the traditional identity authentication system, the identity information is stored and
managed by the central server. It is common for authentication servers to experience hard-
ware and software faults and network attacks. In order to thoroughly address the security
threats of identity authentication systems, it is urgent to find a decentralized technical so-
lution that has high data security, effective resistance to network attacks, and can meet the
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IGC
IGC
Block head
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
Transaction
IGC
After BSS adopts a blockchain-based identity authentication solution (as shown in Figure
5-3), user nodes only need the IGC (Identity Generator Center) to issue identity infor-
mation and generate key information when registering for the first time. Subsequently,
user nodes can automatically update their keys without relying on the IGC, and the key
update process is recorded on the blockchain in the form of transactions. The immutability
of blockchain data ensures the security and credibility of the key update process, thereby
achieving high security of BSS in identity authentication and key management.
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for BSS, while super automation and platform engineering are the key technologies to
address this pressure.
[43]
Super automation is a business-driven method, which is used by organizations to
quickly identify, review and automate business and IT processes as many as possible. It is
also an integration combining multiple technical capabilities and software tools such as
robotic process automation, process mining and intelligent business process management,
a further extension of concepts such as intelligent process automation and integrated au-
tomation, and an important part of enterprise digital transformation, remodeling and rev-
olution. Business-driven super automation, as a new methodology, achieves collaboration,
reshaping and optimization of business processes across departments and systems in en-
terprises through a lightweight, non-invasive method. The super automation solution
makes it possible to quickly identify, review, automate business and IT processes as much
as possible, and enables users to expand and accelerate the digital process. Super automa-
tion has realized the automatic processing of massive complex businesses and has been
widely used in industries such as finance, manufacturing and telecommunication, effec-
tively promoting the digital transformation of organizations. With this concept, BSS can
be constructed as a super automated business technology platform, which can be applied
in scenarios with process standardization rates to comprehensively solve human errors in
business processes and improve the efficiency of enterprise processes.
Platform engineering technology is a set of mechanisms and architectures for building and
operating a self-service internal developer platform that supports software delivery and
life cycle management (as shown in Figure 5-4). The goal of platform engineering is to
optimize the developer experience and accelerate the product team’s speed for creating
value for customers. The integrated products provided by the platform engineering are
commonly referred to as “internal developer platforms”, covering the operation & mainte-
nance needs throughout the full life cycle of an application. According to Gartner, by 2026,
80% of software engineering organizations will establish platform teams, and 75% of
those will provide self-service developer portals.
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BSS of the application platform engineering can minimize the resistance encountered by
developers when completing daily tasks. Recommended tools and best security practices
are also provided to reduce the cognitive burden of developers, while retaining a certain
degree of freedom. All of these efforts have ensured that the platform can reduce the cog-
nitive burden and achieve an appropriate balance between developers’ needs for self-ser-
vice and support.
Digital immune system (DIS) [44] combines practices and technologies such as observabil-
ity, AI enhancement testing, chaos engineering, self-healing, site reliability engineering
and software supply chain security to improve the flexibility of products, services, and
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systems while reducing business risks (as shown in Figure 5-5). A powerful digital im-
mune system can make applications more resilient and quickly recover from faults,
thereby protecting applications and services from abnormal impacts, such as software
faults or security issues. The digital immune system can reduce business continuity risks
when critical applications and services are severely damaged or completely stopped. En-
terprises face unprecedented challenges in ensuring a resilient operating environment and
accelerating digital delivery and reliable user experience, and they want to respond to
market changes and rapid innovation quickly. Users expect not only perfect functions, but
also high performance, transaction and data security, as well as satisfactory interaction.
BSS using a digital immune system will create an excellent maintenance experience while
reducing system failures (research has shown that it can reduce system downtime by up
to 80%), enable the system to quickly recover from faults, and directly convert the reduced
losses into higher revenue.
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have five characteristics (namely “true, large, fast, flexible and complete”) in data re-
sources. Among them, “true” refers to the authenticity and high accuracy of operator data;
“large” refers to massive operator data covering core production operations, customer
contact, customer behavior perception, network elements, etc.; “fast” refers to high time-
liness of operator data; “flexible” refers to scalability, loose coupling and flexible opening
of operator data; and “complete” refers to the coverage of structured, semi-structured,
unstructured multiple data types and multiple data sources. The data of telecom operators
involves all the businesses including mobile voice, fixed phone, fixed network access and
wireless Internet access, etc. as well as public customers, government & enterprise cus-
tomers, and household customers. Moreover, contact information from all types of chan-
nels such as physical channels, electronic channels and direct sales channels will also be
collected. The development of 6G will further enhance the above features, such as its joint
communications and sensing ability with native intelligence, which will greatly improve
the speed, accuracy and information value of data acquisition. However, in order to meet
the large-scale connection, ultra-low latency communication and diversified customiza-
tion requirements in the 6G era, distributed deployment of 6G networks will become in-
evitable. Meanwhile, due to security and privacy considerations, enterprise users have
high requirements for the privacy and confidentiality of their production and business data,
and there is a strong demand for data not leaving the plant. This requires that the network
not only achieves local transmission and analysis of data, but also achieves local trans-
mission processing of control signaling. Therefore, how to effectively manage distributed
data assets and assist operators’ lean operation will be an important issue in 6G BSS.
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Gartner defines Data Fabric as an integration layer that includes data and connection.
Through continuous analysis of existing, discoverable and inferable metadata assets, Gart-
ner supports the design, deployment, and use of data systems across platforms, thus ena-
bling flexible data delivery. Data virtualization is one of the key technologies in imple-
menting a data fabric architecture. It can access data from the source without moving it
and can shorten the time to achieve business value through faster and more accurate que-
ries. Specifically, it includes functions such as cross-platform agile integration, unified
semantics, creation of data APIs (supporting technologies such as SQL, REST, OData,
and GraphQL) with low code and intelligent cache acceleration. Data fabric can be taken
as a virtual network [45], where each node is a data source. This network represents a virtual
connection that allows data to flow quickly online and provide unified external services
(as shown in Figure 5-6).
The distributed deployment of 6G networks results in data assets being hidden in a mixed
combination of infrastructure environments. Due to the long data preparation cycle, users
need a wide range of data management functions to overcome complex constraints such
as multi suppliers, multi-cloud and evolving data environments. Data fabric technology is
designed to address the challenges of complex mixed data environments. Essentially, the
data fabric supports various data management requirements to provide the correct IT ser-
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vice levels across all different data sources and infrastructure types. It operates as an inte-
grated framework for deploying, managing, moving, and protecting data across multiple
isolated and incompatible data centers. As a result, organizations can invest in infrastruc-
ture solutions that meet their business needs without worrying about data service levels,
access and security.
How to ensure that operators can achieve deep data convergence and data value release
across organizations while ensuring data security and compliance? Privacy computing[46]
provides a perfect solution to solve this problem. Privacy computing is a computing theory
and methodology oriented to the full life cycle protection of private information as well
as a computable model and axiomatic system for privacy metric, privacy leakage cost,
privacy preservation and privacy analysis complexity in case the ownership, management
and utilization rights of private information are separated (as shown in Figure 5-7). Via
privacy computing, the balance and common development among “data silo interconnec-
tion”, “data privacy preservation” and “business development” can be achieved. Privacy
computing can realize the flow and sharing of data “value” and “knowledge”, and can
significantly improve the efficiency of data cross-domain convergence. At present, it is
helping operators to achieve faster data cross-domain monetization.
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Participant 1
Return
Encryption statistical
processing results
Local
Return node
statistical Encryption
results processing
Privacy computing is a general term for the technical routes to solve the problem of infor-
mation confidentiality in computing links during data circulation. It may be defined as a
kind of technical set or system that realizes data analysis, computing and application with-
out raw data transmitted or with raw data preserved. From the perspective of technical
mechanism, there are mainly three technical routes for privacy computing, namely, secure
multi-party computing based on cryptography, federated learning based on distributed
training and computing environment based on trusted hardware. With the development of
Native Network Security and Native Intelligence under the further convergence of 6G
computing and networks, operators can provide efficient and reliable privacy computing
capabilities for releasing their data value by establishing trusted computing nodes with
secure multi-party computing or federated learning (as shown in Figure 5-8).
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Collaborative
④ party C ④
③ ③
Model A Model B
①
No data exchange
The ecological sustainability of PaaS service[48] is currently in the early stage of explora-
tion. Based on the own practice of BSS, the following key technologies can be on trial:
Virtualization technology
Compared with the traditional virtualization technology at the IaaS layer, the
container technology widely used at the PaaS layer can significantly improve the
utilization rate of resources. Containerization technology reduces the use
granularity of resources from level GB to level MB, which makes the application
and release of resources more accurate, thus reducing the invalid input of
resources. At the same time, virtualization technology at the PaaS layer can
directly run assembled applications on physical servers, which further reduces
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In recent years, the construction of the Middle Platform in China has been in full
swing in industries with successful digital transformation. The core of the Middle
Platform strategy is to capitalize IT capabilities and enhance the reuse capability
of IT assets. Relying on PaaS platform, construct atomized microservices and
provide life cycle management for microservices. By capability exposure,
building a large PaaS ecosystem, empowering SaaS business development, and
gradually transforming business coding into capability arrangement, the business
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Because the underlying layer supports and manages the resource pools of
different cloud data centers, it is necessary to support the scheduling of different
resource pools at the underlying layer when the PaaS layer is deployed or flexibly
expanded, which involves the opening of possible heterogeneous resources and
networks. On the scheduling algorithm, the perception capability of renewable
resources shall be supported, for example, sensing that the data resource pool of
a cloud service provider is green and renewable, while the resource pool of
another service provider uses traditional fossil fuels. In order to improve
ecological sustainability, it is necessary to identify the resource types in the
scheduling algorithm, so as to achieve the best scheduling scheme in line with
sustainability.
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maintaining the SLA unchanged. When the service platform layer finds that the
load processed by the host drops to a certain extent, it will modify the route,
accumulate the load on a small number of hosts, release the idle hosts, unload the
application deployment, and put it back into the resource pool.
For another example, if the business platform layer found that with the increase
of data volume of the data sheet, the data access speed decreases, resulting in an
overall SLA decrease, at this time, the system will dynamically split the data in
the data sheet, distribute them to multiple databases, modify the data route, and
allocate the access request to multiple databases, thus maintaining SLA. By the
same mechanism, when faults occur at different levels such as database, host and
storage, the application can automatically recover from the faults and maintain
the stability of SLA.
In order to meet the requirements of quality of service, the hardware
configuration of traditional BSS usually meets the peak processing load, which
is 2 ~ 3 times the average processing load. At the same time, traditional BSS
adopts static application deployment mode, so even if the peak time of different
applications is different, it is impossible to balance the use of hardware resources
by making use of the staggered peak time. The above factors lead to the low
overall utilization rate of hardware, with an average utilization rate of about
30%~40%. Technically speaking, after realizing the dynamic deployment of
applications, the utilization rate of hardware resources can be improved and the
cost of IT construction can be reduced. For example, the idle resources of the
settlement system during the day can be released and used by CRM and billing
systems when they are in high traffic demand.
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To realize the ultimate performance release of intelligent computing power, in the archi-
tecture of 6G BSS, it needs to consider the horizontal collaboration of computing, network
and storage, and the vertical collaboration of software platform and hardware resources,
so as to support the continuous enrichment of intelligent business application scenarios of
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6G. Such demand promotes the development and innovation of intelligent computing
power ubiquitous scheduling technology to meet 6G and future business requirements.
For example, the XPU chip platform and its software tools (such as OpenVINO, BigDL
and Analytics Zoo) based on Intel Xeon scalable processor accelerated by built-in AI can
help realize computing-aware scheduling and optimization across different hardware plat-
forms, and also meet the computing and intelligent processing requirements of 6G and
future business requirements. On such a platform, intelligent computing power can be
fully utilized, and can also help promote the continuous development and innovation of
intelligent application scenarios. Therefore, intelligent ubiquitous scheduling of compu-
ting power based on different hardware platforms has become one of the key technologies
to realize 6G and future business applications. This technology will help improve the sta-
bility, security and flexibility of the network, so as to meet the changing business require-
ments and consumer requirements.
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• Policy
• Specific
• Goal
• Activity P D operations
• Implement
planning
the plan
• Confirm the
• Check the
success
results
• Improve the
failure A C • Analyze the
success and
• Improve next
failure
time
As a new generation of business innovation platform, 6G BSS can take PDCA as the
core operation management model to realize PDCA architecture via digital intelligence
technology, comprehensively covering operators’ staff, property and belongings as well
as production, supplying and marketing, and building a complete management cycle
from strategy to implementation; in addition to the process service in the enterprise in-
formatization age, it is also necessary to integrate data intelligence in the operation man-
agement process, and support the real-time control and lean operation of operators’ 6G
services through data-driven intelligent converged services. Therefore, in the design of
PDCA cycle architecture for operation management of 6G BSS, it is required to support
the domain-based workflow in various domains horizontally and realize PDCA closed-
loop management in various domains driven by digital intelligence; it is required to re-
alize the integration and coordination of various domains vertically in different links
such as PDCA, integrate the operation management and control of various domains from
the perspective of the overall strategy of enterprises, empower enterprises with global
perception and real-time control, and support the continuous circulation and improve-
ment of operation management via the convergence of process and data intelligence, so
as to realize the refined operation management and control of enterprises. Specifically:
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centric sustainable development in the 6G era, and it is necessary to manage the digital-
ization of all participants in the ecosystem by means of digital intelligence.
First of all, 6G BSS needs to design a closed-loop operation process in the four major
domains of ecosystem, business, production and resource from top to bottom according
to the future fully open and ecological business model and PDCA architecture:
Ecosystem domain: In the 6G era, the first thing operators need to consider is
what kind of business ecosystem to establish and how to maintain it through
digital operation means. Therefore, 6G BSS shall provide suitable value orien-
tation, collaboration mode and operation mode for different partners, such as
traditional supply chain mode, operator-centered platform empowerment mode,
and decentralized innovation mode established through rights and drives. Alt-
hough the above modes are different in connotation and form, how to realize
the closed loop of operation process can be unified according to PDCA archi-
tecture. Based on PDCA’s definition of the operation process, 6G BSS shall
realize value planning, ecological collaborative innovation interaction, ecolog-
ical operating benefit analysis and corresponding rights and drives under differ-
ent modes, and constantly iterate and optimize. In terms of function, the main
functions of the 6G BSS ecosystem domain include new partner management,
customer intention management, trusted transaction management, multi-party
intelligent bargaining management, smart contract management, ecological
value analysis and the like. In terms of ecological construction, in addition to
the traditional supply chain ecosystem for communication operators and the
cloud computing service ecosystem established in the 5G era, it is necessary to
pay more attention to the data value service ecosystem, metaverse digital asset
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Business domain: After establishing the enterprise value orientation and the
corresponding business ecosystem, aiming at key markets and based on key
products, operators and partners will complete the digital intelligent closed-loop
operation of relevant market product planning, product ordering and sales, cus-
tomer operation analysis and supply & marketing strategy adjustment through
the digital support system provided by 6G BSS. In the business domain, the
main functions of 6G BSS include dimension management, measurement man-
agement, product life-cycle management, commodity dynamic portfolio man-
agement and customer operation analysis, etc. In the 6G era, operators can sup-
port more diverse products and services, including not only enhanced holo-
graphic communication services, immersive experience services, Joint Com-
munications and Sensing services, air-space-ground joint communication ser-
vices, but also distributed intelligent services, twin aggregate services, zero-
trust secure and trusted services, brain-computer communication services and
so on. However, it is difficult for operators to provide full-stack solutions only
with their products and services, whether for consumers or industrial enterprises.
Therefore, in order to provide competitive solutions by strengthening ecological
cooperation, 6G BSS must be more open and can effectively support closed-
loop business operations for different business models.
Production domain: Products and services must be built on efficient and agile
production capability. In the 6G network design, the trend of technology con-
vergence is strengthened, creating technical and commercial conditions for
building an operator-centered development ecosystem. For PDCA architecture
design, operators can build an open developer ecosystem with the support of
BSS functions in technical capability planning, capability development and de-
ployment, capability utilization and analysis and capability upgrade and mainte-
nance. Depending on the ecological collaboration of developers, a variety of
DOICT bearing business requirements can be transformed into native technical
components of distributed cloud, and provide high-quality and low-cost pro-
duction capability for business innovation via assembled architecture. The main
functions of the production domain include cloud-native technology component
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Operation domain: In the 6G era, operators can further connect B and M do-
mains through digital and intelligent convergence of business and finance, and
establish a full-link operation process supporting enterprise operation manage-
ment. According to PDCA mode, 6G BSS can set a closed-loop process of en-
terprise strategic planning, domain-based strategic driving, operating benefit
analysis and operating problem handling in the operation domain. Among them,
after formulating the overall strategic direction and financial objectives, the en-
terprise strategic planning is decomposed into ecosystem domain, business do-
main, production domain and resource domain to complete the detailed plan-
ning further, and then judge and make decisions by summarizing the planning
contents of various domains. The domain-based strategic drive provides a digi-
tal way for enterprise-level strategic tasks to drive real-time collaboration and
efficient implementation in related domains. In this process, all interactive in-
formation and data will be recorded in the support system of the operation do-
main. Operating benefit analysis will be carried out and predicted by intelligent
method against KPI target using operation data provided by enterprise-level big
data platform. Feasible treatment solutions will be recommended as much as
possible, which will be improved at the operational problem handling link. In
the 6G era, enterprise operations will be more ecological and open, so 6G BSS
may need to make intelligent strategic decisions and optimization not only ac-
cording to the internal data of enterprises, but also concerning the operational
data of ecological partners and competitors.
Experience domain: 6G BSS needs to strengthen the total experience and ac-
celerate the upgrade of multi-mode interactive experience brought by the 6G
network. On the one hand, the experience domain needs to enhance the man-
agement of the total experience for customers, employees and users through
new triggers such as customer avatars; on the other hand, it also needs to explore
the integrated experience brought by intelligent terminals, such as the robot, XR
human-computer interaction, brain-computer interface interaction and other
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Overall, 6G BSS fully supports enterprises to complete top-level strategic planning, do-
main-based efficient collaborative implementation, and upgrade operational experience
through digital intelligence on an open architecture (as shown in Figure 6-2). On the one
hand, 6G BSS will further optimize the process oriented to the future, establish a domain-
based KPI system and smooth automated closed-loop operation; on the other hand, it
also strengthens the analysis and security check by means of digital intelligence, and
takes appropriate actions to improve the planning implementation process.
体验域( Experience)
运营域( Operation)
Strategic
Enterprise Implementation Implementation
collaborative
strategic planning effect check problem handling
implementation
︵
Ecosystem
生 Technical
Capability Capability
产 Technical fault
DOICT capability
capability planning development scheduling
域 handling
deployment analysis
︶
︵
Resource
资
源 Core resources 基础资源规划 资源调度管理 资源效率分析 资源优化调整
域
︶
Domain element 规划( Plan) 执行( Do) 检查( Check) 处理( Act)
At the same time, via virtualization hardware, multi-tenant architecture software and
domain-based construction, resource sharing in a wider range can provide operators with
lower cost and better experience services, realize BSS migration to the cloud, and meet
the maximum intensification and maximum efficiency of industrial value chain. Cloud-
ified 6G BSS is an evolved BSS system, which can better solve the goals difficult to
achieve by traditional BSS such as providing better service quality and customer expe-
rience with lower construction and operation & maintenance costs, and adapting to more
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
Therefore, these functional upgrades of 6G BSS will not only greatly enhance the inter-
nal collaboration efficiency in various domains, but also effectively support external
ecological partners to participate in ecological construction in almost all domains in an
open form.
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
Taking the Internet of Everything as its design goal, 5G is committed to providing com-
munication services such as massive and reliable connection for industry scenarios. The
customer group of operators has been greatly expanded, and the 2B industry has become
a breakthrough domain for operators to achieve growth. At the same time, the traditional
BSS system, oriented to the 2C industry and supporting standardized product operation,
is facing challenges. To this end, during 5G BSS (as shown in Figure 7-1) construction,
on the one hand, the system introduced the central platform system of cloud computing,
integrated resources, middleware, data, business components, etc., and provided com-
posable modules for thousands of businesses to meet the differentiated needs of 2B cus-
tomers efficiently; on the other hand, BSS began to gradually integrate the capability of
OSS internally, and open up to introduce partners’ capabilities externally to support op-
erators to carry out personalized ICT converged services.
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Application
PC APP
interaction
PaaS
General technology
T-PaaS
Elastic computing
Figure 7-1shows a certain operator’s BSS status and a typical BSS architecture for 5G[56,
57]
. Through the analysis of Figure 7-1, 5G BSS presents the following characteristics,
which build the foundation for the evolution of 6G BSS:
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White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies
5G BSS decomposes the business center into customer and product domain,
billing and accounting domain, network and service interaction data domain and
partner data domain. The customer and product domain provides the customer
full life cycle management functions, including the customer center, order
center, products/commodities center, service center, marketing center and so on.
The billing and accounting domain provides the functions of online
message/offline telephone bill collection preprocessing, batch billing,
accounting processing and management, comprehensive settlement and so on.
The network and service interaction data domain contains the collection of
related business and management data information owned by the domain,
including acceptance center and network policy management. The partner data
domain contains the process and data support required by the domain
application.
5G BSS not only considers the support of communication services, but also
provides personalized service support for customers, including:
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Migration of 6G BSS to a cloud platform can reduce hardware and software costs and
human resources investment, thus reducing the costs. Public cloud and on-premise cloud
platforms are provided with flexible scalability, and can quickly allocate and release re-
sources according to business requirements, thus improving flexibility and scalability.
Cloud platforms usually are provided with high availability and fault tolerance, which
can automatically implement fault tolerance and recovery when hardware or software
fails, thus improving the stability and availability of the system. In addition, cloud plat-
forms usually have better data security, providing various security measures which can
better protect the security of sensitive data. Fully migrating 6G BSS to the cloud plat-
forms can realize centralized management and monitoring, thus reducing management
complexity and workload. At present, 90% of foreign operators are migrating to the pub-
lic cloud, and most domestic operators in China are also implementing or preparing to
implement on-premise cloud and public cloud migration solutions.
The full migration of 6G BSS to the public cloud or on-premise cloud can bring many
advantages, including reducing costs, improving flexibility and scalability, improving
stability and availability, improving data security, simplifying management and so on.
These advantages can help operators better meet business requirements and enhance
their competitiveness and innovation capabilities. Therefore, it has become a trend and
inevitable choice to fully migrate 6G BSS to a public cloud or on-premise cloud.
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security involves many devices and services, oriented to different users, different ser-
vices and scenarios and the devices shall operate independently and may switch identi-
ties at any time, the security requirements are much more complicated. Based on tech-
nologies such as Native Network Security mechanism established from native intelli-
gence and zero trust, 6G builds the security base of the whole BSS system. Native Net-
work Security is based on the real-time state of trustworthy relationship, behavior and
device scenario. It provides trust relationship, risk management, and control with AI’s
help and a safer, more flexible and reliable zero-trust security model.
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During the continuous transformation of operators’ BSS for the future, 5G BSS has pro-
vided a good development foundation for 6G, including the evolution of cloud compu-
ting technology systems and the scalability of service-based communication capability,
etc. However, the non-standard, personalized and ecological win-win operation mode
for the 2B industry still needs further exploration and iteration. Therefore, based on the
goal of 6G commercialization in 2030, this White Paper makes the following prospects
for the development phases of 6G BSS:
In 2025, the characteristics and technical system of 5G BSS will be inherited and iterated
and the sharing capability of the resource domain and the flexibility capability of the
production domain will be realized first; a preliminary exploration will be made on the
scenario-based experience capability and operation streaming; related vital technologies
such as interactive mode upgrade based on intention perception, intelligent customer
avatar, visual operation based on intelligent digital twins, distributed application based
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In 2027, the capability oriented to the flexibility of the production domain will be further
evolved; minimalist development will be provided based on super automation and plat-
form engineering, and related trusted identity authentication and Native Network Secu-
rity capabilities will be further strengthened; in terms of diversified capability building
of business domain, the construction of joint communication, sensing and computing
service and air-space-land integration service primarily provided by 6G will be sup-
ported and QoPE operation mode and new trading capability based on blockchain will
be primarily explored.
In 2030, in the middle and late phases of 6G development, with the iterative evolution
of business models, some cooperation paradigms will be adopted, the valuation capabil-
ity of the ecosystem domain will be further evolved in BSS, and new business models
will be piloted; the key products and services in the business domain will be supported
by the full life cycle system combined with the business model design in the ecosystem
domain to achieve the internal operation digitalization promotion and the external value
flow closed loop. At this phase, the ecological valuation of data exchange capability and
automated capability of operation & maintenance need to be enhanced, and related tech-
nologies such as data capitalization based on data fabric, data value maximization based
on privacy computing, automated operation based on self-adaptive AI, and automated
operation & maintenance based on digital immune system will be fully implemented.
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