Theory of Equations Exercises

Theory of Equations Exercise 1 :
Single Option Correct Type Questions

n This section contains 30 multiple choice questions. 8. If the roots of the quadratic equation
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of ( 4 p - p 2 - 5)x 2 - (2p - 1) x + 3p = 0 lie on either side of
which ONLY ONE is correct
unity, the number of integral values of p is
1. If a, b, c are real and a ¹ b, the roots of the equation (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
2
2 (a - b ) x - 11 (a + b + c ) x - 3 (a - b ) = 0 are 9. Solution set of the equation
2 2
+x +6
(a) real and equal (b) real and unequal 32 x - 2×3x + 3 2 (x + 6 ) = 0 is
(c) purely imaginary (d) None of these
(a) { -3, 2 } (b) {6, - 1 } (c) { -2, 3 } (d) {1, - 6 }
2. The graph of a quadratic polynomial y = ax 2
10. Consider two quadratic expressions f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c
+ bx + c ; a, b, c Î R is as shown.
and g ( x ) = ax 2 + px + q (a, b, c , p , q Î R, b ¹ p ) such that
Y
their discriminants are equal. If f ( x ) = g ( x ) has a root
X
O x = a, then
(a) a will be AM of the roots of f ( x ) = 0 and g( x ) = 0
(b) a will be AM of the roots of f ( x ) = 0
(c) a will be AM of the roots of f ( x ) = 0 or g( x ) = 0
(d) a will be AM of the roots of g( x ) = 0
Which one of the following is not correct? 11. If x 1 and x 2 are the arithmetic and harmonic means of
(a) b 2 - 4ac < 0
c
(b) < 0 the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, the quadratic
a equation whose roots are x 1 and x 2 , is
(c) c is negative
æ bö (a) abx 2 + (b 2 + ac ) x + bc = 0
(d) Abscissa corresponding to the vertex is ç - ÷
è 2a ø
(b) 2abx 2 + (b 2 + 4ac ) x + 2bc = 0
3. There is only one real value of ‘a’ for which the (c) 2abx 2 + (b 2 + ac ) x + bc = 0
quadratic equation ax 2 + (a + 3) x + a - 3 = 0 has two (d) None of the above
positive integral solutions. The product of these two 12. f ( x ) is a cubic polynomial x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c such that
solutions is
f ( x ) = 0 has three distinct integral roots and f ( g ( x )) = 0
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 12
does not have real roots, where g ( x ) = x 2 + 2x - 5, the
4. If for all real values of a one root of the equation minimum value of a + b + c is
x 2 - 3ax + f (a ) = 0 is double of the other, f ( x ) is equal to (a) 504 (b) 532 (c) 719 (d) 764
(a) 2x (b) x 2 (c) 2 x 2 (d) 2 x
13. The value of the positive integer n for which the
n
5. A quadratic equation the product of whose roots x 1 and
quadratic equation å ( x + k - 1) ( x + k ) = 10n has
x 2 is equal to 4 and satisfying the relation k =1
x1 x2
+ = 2, is solutions a and a + 1 for some a, is
x1 - 1 x 2 - 1 (a) 7 (b) 11 (c) 17 (d) 25
(a) x 2 - 2 x + 4 = 0 (b) x 2 - 4 x + 4 = 0 2
14. If one root of the equation x - lx + 12 = 0 is even
(c) x 2 + 2 x + 4 = 0 (d) x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 0
prime, while x 2 + lx + m = 0 has equal roots, then m is
6. If both roots of the quadratic equation (a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 32
x 2 - 2ax + a 2 - 1 = 0 lie in ( - 2, 2), which one of the 15. Number of real roots of the equation
following can be [a ] ? (where [×] denotes the greatest x + x - (1 - x ) = 1 is
integer function)
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
7. If ( - 2, 7 ) is the highest point on the graph of 16. The value of 7 + 7 - 7 + 7 - K upto ¥ is

2
y = - 2x - 4ax + l, then l equals (a) 5 (b) 4
1 (c) 3 (d) 2
(a) 31 (b) 11 (c) -1 (d) -
3
17. For any real x, the expression 2 (k - x ) [x + x 2 + k 2 ] 24. The roots of the equation
2 2
cannot exceed - 15 - 15
(a + b ) x + (a - b ) x = 2a,
2 2
(a) k (b) 2k
(c) 3k 2 (d) None of these where a 2 - b = 1, are
2 (a) ± 2, ± 3 (b) ± 4, ± 14
x - 2x + 4
18. Given that, for all x Î R, the expression 2
lies (c) ± 3, ± 5 (d) ± 6, ± 20
x + 2x + 4
1 25. The number of pairs ( x , y ) which will satisfy the
between and 3, the values between which the
3 equation
9 ×32x + 6×3x + 4 x 2
- xy + y 2
= 4 ( x + y - 4 ), is
expression lies, are
9 ×32x - 6×3x + 4 (a) 1 (b) 2
3 (c) 4 (d) None of these
(a) -3 and 1 (b) and 2
2
26. The number of positive integral solutions of
(c) -1 and 1 (d) 0 and 2
x 4 - y 4 = 3789108 is
19. Let a , b, g be the roots of the equation (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
( x - a ) ( x - b ) ( x - c ) = d , d ¹ 0, the roots of the equation 3
27. The value of ‘a’ for which the equation x + ax + 1 = 0
( x - a ) ( x - b ) ( x - g ) + d = 0 are 4 2
(a) a, b, d (b) b, c, d and x + ax + 1 = 0, have a common root, is
(c) a, b, c (d) a + d , b + d , c + d (a) a = 2 (b) a = - 2
(c) a = 0 (d) None of these
20. If one root of the equation ix 2 - 2 (1 + i ) x + 2 - i = 0 is
(3 - i ), where i = -1, the other root is 28. The necessary and sufficient condition for the equation
(a) 3 + i (b) 3 + -1
(1 - a 2 ) x 2 + 2ax - 1 = 0 to have roots lying in the
(c) -1 + i (d) -1 - i interval (0, 1), is
(a) a > 0 (b) a < 0
21. The number of solutions of |[x ] - 2x | = 4, where [x ] (c) a > 2 (d) None of these
denotes the greatest integer £ x is 29. Solution set of x - 1 - | x | < 0, is
(a) infinite (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
é -1 + 5 ö
22. If x 2
+ x + 1 is a factor of ax 3
+ bx 2
+ cx + d , the real (a) ê -1, ÷ (b) [ -1, 1 ]
ë 2 ø
3 2
root of ax + bx + cx + d = 0 is
é -1 + 5 ù æ -1 + 5 ö
d d a (c) ê -1, ú (d) ç -1, ÷
(a) - (b) (c) (d) None of these ë 2 û è 2 ø
a a d
2
23. The value of x which satisfy the equation 30. If the quadratic equations ax + 2cx + b = 0 and
2
ax + 2bx + c = 0 (b ¹ c ) have a common root, a + 4b + 4c ,
(5x 2 - 8x + 3) - (5x 2 - 9 x + 4 ) = (2x 2 - 2x )
is equal to
- (2x 2 - 3x + 1), is (a) -2 (b) -1
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 1
(c) 1 (d) 0

More than One Correct Option Type Questions
n
This section contains 15 multiple choice questions. 32. If A, G and H are the arithmetic mean, geometric mean
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of
and harmonic mean between unequal positive integers.
which MORE THAN ONE may be correct.
Then, the equation Ax 2 - | G | x - H = 0 has
31. If 0 < a 1 (c) exactly one positive root
(c) | b | < 1 (d) None of these (d) atleast one root which is an integer
33. The adjoining graph of y = ax 2 + bx + c shows that 40. For which of the following graphs of the quadratic
expression f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , the product ofabc is
Y
negative
Y Y
(a) (b)
X¢ X
(a,0) X X
O
Y¢ (b, 0) O O
(a) a < 0 Y
Y
(b) b 2 < 4ac
X
(c) c > 0 O
(d) a and b are of opposite signs (c) (d)
X
34. If the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (a > 0) has two roots a O
and b such that a < - 2 and b > 2, then
(a) b 2 - 4ac > 0 (b) c < 0 41. If a, b Î R and ax 2
+ bx + 6 = 0, a ¹ 0 does not have two
(c) a + | b | + c < 0 (d) 4a + 2 | b | + c < 0 distinct real roots, the
35. If b 2 ³ 4ac for the equation ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0, then all (a) minimum possible value of 3a + b is -2
(b) minimum possible value of 3a + b is 2
the roots of the equation will be real, if (c) minimum possible value of 6a + b is -1
(a) b > 0, a < 0, c > 0 (b) b < 0, a > 0, c > 0 (d) minimum possible value of 6a + b is 1
(c) b > 0, a > 0, c > 0 (d) b > 0, a < 0, c < 0
3
3 2
42. If x + 3x 2 - 9 x + l is of the form ( x - a ) 2 ( x - b ), then
36. If roots of the equation x + bx + cx - 1 = 0 from an
l is equal to
increasing GP, then (a) 27 (b) -27
(a) b + c = 0 (c) 5 (d) -5
(b) b Î ( -¥, - 3 ) 2
(c) one of the roots is 1 43. If ax + (b - c ) x + a - b - c = 0 has unequal real roots
(d) one root is smaller than one and one root is more than one for all c Î R, then
2 (a) b < 0 < a (b) a < 0 a > 0
| f ( x )| £ 1, " x Î[0, 1], then
(a) | a | £ 8 (b) | b | £ 8
44. If the equation whose roots are the squares of the roots
(c) | c | £ 1 (d) |a | + |b | + |c | £ 17 of the cubic x 3 - ax 2 + bx - 1 = 0 is identical with the
given cubic equation, then
38. cos a is a root of the equation 25x 2 + 5x - 12 = 0,
(a) a = b = 0
-1 < x < 0, the value of sin 2a is (b) a = 0, b = 3
24 12
(a) (b) - (c) a = b = 3
25 25
24 20 (d) a, b are roots of x 2 + x + 2 = 0
(c) - (d)
25 25 45. If the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (a > 0) has two real roots
39. If a, b, c Î R (a ¹ 0) and a + 2b + 4c = 0, then equation a and b such that a < - 2 and b > 2, which of the
2 following statements is/are true?
ax + bx + c = 0 has
(a) 4a - 2 | b | + c < 0
(a) atleast one positive root
(b) 9a - 3 | b | + c < 0
(b) atleast one non-integral root
(c) both integral roots (c) a - | b | + c < 0
(d) no irrational root (d) c < 0, b 2 - 4ac > 0
Passage Based Questions
n This section contains 6 passages. Based upon each of 52. y = f ( x ) is given by
the passage 3 multiple choice questions have to be x2
answered. Each of these questions has four choices (a), (a) y = x 2 - 8 (b) y = -2 2
2 2
(b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
x2
(c) y = x 2 - 4 (d) y = - 2
Passage I 2
(Q. Nos. 46 to 48) 53. Minimum value of y = f ( x ) is
If G and L are the greatest and least values of the (a) -4 2 (b) -2 2
2x 2 - 3x + 2 (c) 0 (d) 2 2
expression , x Î R respectively. l
2x 2 + 3x + 2 54. Number of integral value of l for which lies between
2
46. The least value of G 100 + L100 is the roots of f ( x ) = 0, is
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 11 (d) 12
(a) 2100 (b) 3100 (c) 7100 (d) None of these
47. G and L are the roots of the equation Passage III
2
(a) 5 x - 26 x + 5 = 0 2
(b) 7 x - 50 x + 7 = 0 (Q. Nos. 55 to 57)
(c) 9 x 2 - 82 x + 9 = 0 (d) 11 x 2 - 122 x + 11 = 0 Let f (x ) = x 2 + bx + c and g (x ) = x 2 + b1 x + c1 .
48. If L2 < l < G 2 , l Î N , the sum of all values of l is Let the real roots of f ( x ) = 0 be a, b and real roots of
(a) 1035 (b) 1081 (c) 1225 (d) 1176 g ( x ) = 0 be a + k , b + k for same constant k. The least value
1 7
Passage II of f ( x ) is - and least value of g (x ) occurs at x = .
(Q. Nos. 49 to 51) 4 2
If roots of the equation x 4 - 12x 3 + cx 2 + dx + 81 = 0 are 55. The value of b1 is

positive. (a) -8 (b) -7 (c) -6 (d) 5
49. The value of c is 56. The least value of g ( x ) is

(a) -27 (b) 27 (c) -54 (d) 54 1 1 1
(a) -1 (b) - (c) - (d) -
50. The value of d is 2 3 4
(a) -27 (b) -54 (c) -81 (d) -108
57. The roots of f ( x ) = 0 are
51. Root of the equation 2cx + d = 0, is (a) 3, 4 (b) -3, 4
1 1 (c) - 3, - 4 (d) 3, - 4
(a) -1 (b) - (c) 1 (d)
2 2
Passage IV
Passage II (Q. Nos. 58 to 60)
(Q. Nos. 52 to 54) 2
If ax - bx + c = 0 have two distinct roots lying in the
In the given figure vertices of DABC lie on interval (0, 1); a, b, c Î N .
y = f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c. The DABC is right angled isosceles
triangle whose hypotenuse AC = 4 2 units. 58. The least value of a is
(a) 3 (b) 4
Y (c) 5 (d) 6
y = f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
59. The least value of b is
(a) 5 (b) 6
O (c) 7 (d) 8
X
A 90° C
60. The least value of log 5 abc is
B
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Passage V Passage VI
(Q. Nos. 61 to 63) (Q. Nos. 64 to 66)
3 2
If 2x + ax + bx + 4 = 0 (a and b are positive real If a, b, g, d are the roots of the equation
x 4 + A x 3 + B x 2 + Cx + D = 0 such that ab = gd = k and
numbers) has three real roots.
A, B , C , D are the roots of x 4 - 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 + 6x - 21 = 0
61. The minimum value of a 3 is such that A + B = 0.
(a) 108 (b) 216 C
(c) 432 (d) 864 64. The value of is
A
62. The minimum value of b 3 is k k
(a) - (b) -k (c) (d) k
(a) 432 (b) 864 2 2
(c) 1728 (d) None of these 65. The value of (a + b ) ( g + d ) in terms of B and k is
(a) B - 2k (b) B - k (c) B + k (d) B + 2k
63. The minimum value of (a + b ) 3 is
(a) 1728 (b) 3456 66. The correct statement is
(a) C 2 = AD (b) C 2 = A 2D (c) C 2 = AD 2 (d) C 2 = ( AD ) 2
(c) 6912 (d) 864

Single Integer Answer Type Questions
2
n This section contains 10 questions. The answer to x - 3x + c
each question is a single digit integer, ranging from 0 72. If the maximum and minimum values of y = 2
x + 3x + c
to 9 (both inclusive).
1
67. The sum of all the real roots of the equation are 7 and respectively, the value of c is
7
| x - 2 | 2 + | x - 2 | - 2 = 0 is
68. The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation 73. Number of solutions of the equation
(5 + 2 ) x 2 - ( 4 + 5 ) x + 8 + 2 5 = 0 is x 2 - ( x - 1) 2 + ( x - 2) 2 = 5 is
69. If product of the real roots of the equation,
74. If a and b are the complex roots of the equation
x 2 - ax + 30 = 2 ( x 2 - ax + 45), a > 0, (1 + i ) x 2
+ (1 - i ) x - 2i = 0, where i = -1, the value of
is l and minimum value of sum of roots of the equation | a - b | is2
is m. The value of (m) (where ( × ) denotes the least integer

function) is 6 75. If a , b be the roots of the equation
æ 1ö æ 6 1 ö
çx + ÷ - çx + 6 ÷ - 2 4 x 2 - 16x + c = 0, c Î R such that 1 < a < 2 and 2 0) è xø x 76. Let r , s and t be the roots of the equation
71. Let a, b, c , d are distinct real numbers and a, b are the 8x 3 + 1001x + 2008 = 0 and if
roots of the quadratic equation x 2 - 2cx - 5d = 0. If c and 99 l = (r + s ) 3 + (s + t ) 3 + (t + r ) 3 , the value of [l ] is
d are the roots of the quadratic equation (where [ × ] denotes the greatest integer function)
x 2 - 2ax - 5b = 0, the sum of the digits of numerical
values of a + b + c + d is
Matching Type Questions
n This section contains 4 questions. Questions 78 and 80 have three statements (A, B and C) given in Column I and
four statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II and questions 77 and 79 have three statements (A, B and C) given in
Column I and five statements (p, q, r, s and t) in Column II. Any given statement in Column I can have correct
matching with one or more statement(s) given in Column II.
77. Column I contains rational algebraic expressions and 79. Column I contains rational algebraic expressions and
Column II contains possible integers which lie in their Column II contains possible integers of a.
range. Match the entries of Column I with one or more
entries of the elements of Column II. Column I Column II
Column I Column II (A) ax 2 + 3x - 4 (p) 0

y= , x Î R and y Î R
3x - 4 x 2 + a
(A) x 2 - 2x + 4
y= , x ÎR (p) -2
x 2 + 2x + 4 (B) ax 2 + x - 2 1
y= , x Î R and y Î R (q)
2
2x + 4 x + 1 a + x - 2x 2
(B) y= , x ÎR (q) -1
x2 + 4 x + 2
(C) x 2 + 2x + a 3
2
y= , x Î R and y Î R (r)
x - 3x + 4 x 2 + 4 x + 3a
(C) y= , x ÎR (r) 2
x-3
(s) 5
(s) 3
(t) 7
(t) 8
80.
78.
Column I Column II
Column I Column II
(A) If a, b, c, d are four non-zero real (p) a + b + c = 0

(A) The equation x 3 - 6x 2 + 9x + l = 0 have (p) 0
numbers such that exactly one root is (1, 3), then |[ l + 1]| is
(d + a - b)2 + (d + b - c)2 = 0 and (where [ × ] denotes the greatest integer
function)
the roots of the equation
a (b - c)x 2 + b (c - a) x + c (a - b) = 0 (B) x 2 - lx - 2 (q) 1
are real and equal, then If - 3 < < 2, " x Î R , then
x2 + x + 1
(B) If the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (q) a, b, c are in AP |[ l ]| is (where [ × ] denotes the greatest
and x 3 - 3x 2 + 3x - 1 = 0 have a integer function)
common real root, then
(C) If x 2 + lx + 1 = 0 and (r) 2
(C) Let a, b, c be positive real numbers (r) a, b, c are in GP (b - c) x 2 + (c - a) x + (a - b) = 0 have
such that the expression both the roots common, then |[ l - 1]|,
bx 2 + ( (a + c)2 + 4 b2 ) x + (a + c) (where [ × ] denotes the greatest integer
function)
is non-negative, " x Î R, then
(s) a, b, c are in HP (s) 3

Statement I and II Type Questions
n Directions (Q. Nos. 81 to 87) are Assertion-Reason 83. Statement-1 In the equation ax 2 + 3x + 5 = 0, if one
type questions. Each of these questions contains two root is reciprocal of the other, then a is equal to 5.
statements:
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason) Statement-2 Product of the roots is 1.
Each of these questions also has four alternative 84. Statement-1 If one root of Ax 3
+ Bx 2 + Cx + D = 0,
choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You
have to select the correct choice as given below. A ¹ 0, is the arithmetic mean of the other two roots, then
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 the relation 2B 3 + k 1 ABC + k 2 A 2 D = 0 holds good and
is a correct explanation for Statement-1 then (k 2 - k 1 ) is a perfect square.
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 Statement-2 If a, b, c are in AP, then b is the arithmetic
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1
mean of a andc .
(c) Statement1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true 85. Statement-1 If x , y, z be real variables satisfying
2 x + y + z = 6 and xy + yz + zx = 8, the range of variables
81. Statement-1 If the equation ( 4 p - 3) x
x , y and z are identical.
+ ( 4q - 3) x + r = 0 is satisfied by x = a, x = b and x = c
3 Statement-2 x + y + z = 6 and xy + yz + zx = 8 remains
(where a, b, c are distinct), then p = q = and r = 0.
4 same, if x , y, z interchange their positions.
3
Statement-2 If the quadratic equation 86. Statement-1 ax + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c Î R cannot
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has three distinct roots, then a, b and c have 3 non-negative real roots.
are must be zero.
Statement-2 Sum of roots is equal to zero.
82. Statement-1 The equation
87. Statement-1 The quadratic polynomial
x 2 + (2m + 1) x + (2n + 1) = 0, where m, n Î I , cannot have
y = ax 2 + bx + c (a ¹ 0 and a, b, c Î R ) is symmetric about
any rational roots.
the line 2ax + b = 0.
Statement-2 The quantity (2m + 1) 2 - 4 (2n + 1), where
Statement-2 Parabola is symmetric about its axis of
m, n Î I , can never be perfect square. symmetry.

Subjective Type Questions
n
In this section, there are 24 subjective questions. 89. For what values of m, then equation
88. For what values of m, the equation 2x 2 - 2 (2m + 1) x + m (m + 1) = 0 has (m Î R )
(1 + m ) x 2 - 2 (1 + 3m ) x + (1 + 8m ) = 0 has (m Î R ) (i) both roots are smaller tha 2?
(ii) both roots are greater than 2?
(i) both roots are imaginary?
(iii) both roots lie in the interval (2, 3)?
(ii) both roots are equal?
(iv) exactly one root lie in the interval (2, 3)?
(iii) both roots are real and distinct?
(v) one root is smaller than 1 and the other root is
(iv) both roots are positive? greater than 1?
(v) both roots are negative? (vi) one root is greater than 3 and the other root is
(vi) roots are opposite in sign? smaller than 2?
(vii) roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign? (vii) atleast one root lies in the interval (2, 3)?
(viii) atleast one root is positive? (viii) atleast one root is greater than 2?
(ix) atleast one root is negative? (ix) atleast one root is smaller than 2?
(x) roots are in the ratio 2 : 3? (x) roots a and b, such that both 2 and 3 lie between a
and b?
90. If r is the ratio of the roots of the equation 101. Find all values of a for which the inequation
2 2
(r + 1) b 2 2
ax 2 + bx + c = 0, show that = . 4 x + 2 (2a + 1) 2 x + 4a 2 - 3 > 0 is satisfied for any x .
r ac
1 1 1 æ| x + 4 | - | x | ö
91. If the roots of the equation + = are equal 102. Solve the inequation log x 2 + 2 x - 3 ç ÷ > 0.
x + p x +q r è x -1 ø
in magnitude but opposite in sign, show that p + q = 2r
æ p2+q2 ö 103. Solve the system | x 2 - 2x | + y = 1, x 2 + | y | = 1.
and that the product of the roots is equal to ç - ÷.
è 2 ø 104. If a , b, g are the roots of the cubic x 3 - px 2 + qx - r = 0.
Find the equations whose roots are
92. If one root of the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is
1 1 1
equal to the nth power of the other, then show that (i) bg + , ga + , ab +
1 1 a b g
n n +1 n n +1
(ac ) + (a c ) + b = 0. (ii) ( b + g - a ), ( g + a - b ), (a + b - g )
93. If a , b are the roots of the equation ax 2
+ bx + c = 0 and Also, find the value of ( b + g - a ) ( g + a - b ) (a + b - g ).
2
g , d those of equation lx + mx + n = 0, then find the 105. If A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , ..., A n , a1 , a 2 , a 3 , ..., an , a, b, c Î R, show
equation whose roots are ag + bd and ad + bg . that the roots of the equation
94. Show that the roots of the equation A 12 A 22 A 32 A n2
2 2 2 2
+ + +K+
(a - bc ) x + 2 (b - ac ) x + c - ab = 0 x - a1 x - a 2 x - a 3 x - an
are equal, if either b = 0 or a 3 + b 3 + c 3 - 3abc = 0. 2 2
= ab + c x + ac are real.
95. If the equation x 2 - px + q = 0 and x 2 - ax + b = 0 have 106. For what values of the parameter a the equation
a common root and the other root of the second x 4 + 2ax 3 + x 2 + 2ax + 1 = 0 has atleast two distinct
equation is the reciprocal of the other root of the first, negative roots?
then prove that (q - b ) 2 = bq ( p - a ) 2 .
107. If [x ] is the integral part of a real number x. Then solve
96. If the equation x 2 - 2px + q = 0 has two equal roots, [2x ] - [x + 1] = 2x .
then the equation (1 + y ) x 2 - 2 ( p + y ) x + (q + y ) = 0 108. Prove that for any value of a, the inequation (a 2 + 3)
will have its roots real and distinct only, when y is x 2 + (a + 2) x - 6 < 0 is true for atleast one negative x .
negative and p is not unity.
log x (x + 3 )2
109. How many real solutions of the equation
97. Solve the equation x = 16. 6x 2 - 77 [x ] + 147 = 0, where [x ] is the integral part of x ?
98. Solve the equation
101 110. If a , b are the roots of the equation x 2 - 2x - a 2 + 1 = 0
x 2 - 2 x +1 x 2 - 2 x -1
(2 + 3 ) + (2 - 3 ) = . and g , d are the roots of the equation
10 (2 - 3 )
æ x ö
2 x 2 - 2 (a + 1) x + a (a - 1) = 0, such that a , b Î ( g , d ), find
99. Solve the equation x 2 + ç ÷ = 8. the value of ‘a’.
è x - 1ø
100. Solve the equation 111. If the equation x 4 + px 3 + qx 2 + rx + 5 = 0 has four
( x + 8) + 2 ( x + 7 ) + ( x + 1) - ( x + 7 ) = 4. positive real roots, find the minimum value of pr.

Questions Asked in Previous 13 Years' Exam
n
This section contains questions asked in IIT-JEE, 113. If S is a set of P( x ) is polynomial of degree £ 2 such that
AIEEE, JEE Main & JEE Advanced from year 2005 P(0) = 0, P(1) = 1, P ¢( x ) > 0, "x Î(0, 1), then [IIT-JEE 2005, 3M]
to year 2017.
(a) S = 0
112. If a , b are the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 and a + b , (b) S = ax + (1 - a ) x 2, " a Î ( 0, ¥ )
a 2 + b 2 , a 3 + b 3 are in GP, where D = b 2 - 4ac , then (c) S = ax + (1 - a ) x 2, " a Î R
[IIT-JEE 2005, 3M] (d) S = ax + (1 - a ) x 2, " a Î ( 0, 2 )
(a) D ¹ 0 (b) bD = 0 (c) cb ¹ 0 (d) cD = 0
114. If the roots of x 2 - bx + c = 0 are two consecutive 122. If the difference between the roots of the equation
2
integers, then b - 4c is [AIEEE 2005, 3M]
x 2 + ax + 1 = 0 is less than 5, the set of possible values
(a) 1 (b) 2 of a, is [AIEEE 2007, 3M]
(c) 3 (d) 4 (a) ( - 3, 3 ) (b) ( -3, ¥ )
(c) (3, ¥ ) (d) ( -¥, - 3 )
115. If the equation an x n + an - 1 x n - 1 + ... + a1 x = 0, a1 ¹ 0,
123. Let a, b, c , p , q be real numbers. Suppose a , b are roots of
n ³ 2, has a positive root x = a, then the equation 1
nan x n - 1 + (n - 1) an - 1 x n - 2 + K + a1 = 0 has a positive the equation x 2 + 2px + q = 0 and a , are the roots of
b
root, which is [AIEEE 2005, 3M]
the equation ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0, where b 2 Ï {-1, 0, 1}.
(a) greater than or equal to a
(b) equal to a Statement-1 ( p 2 - q ) (b 2 - ac ) ³ 0 and
(c) greater than a
Statement-2 b ¹ pa or c ¹ qa [IIT-JEE 2008, 3M]
(d) smaller than a
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2, is true; Statement-2 is a
116. If both the roots of the quadratic equation correct explanation for Statement-1
x 2 - 2kx + k 2 + k - 5 = 0 (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
are less than 5, k lies in the interval [AIEEE 2005, 3M] not a correct explanation for Statement-1
(a) ( - ¥, 4 ) (b) [ 4, 5 ] (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(c) (5, 6 ) (d) (6, ¥ ) (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
117. Let a and b be the roots of equation x 2 - 10cx - 11d = 0 124. The quadratic equation x 2 - 6x + a = 0 and
and those of x 2 - 10ax - 11b = 0 are c and d, the value of x 2 - cx + 6 = 0 have one root in common. The other
a + b + c + d , when a ¹ b ¹ c ¹ d , is IIT-JEE 2006, 6M] roots of the first and second equations are integers in
the ratio 4 : 3. The common root is [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
118. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
equal and l Î R . If the roots of the equation
x 2 + 2 (a + b + c ) x + 3 l (ab + bc + ca ) = 0 are real, then
125. How many real solutions does the equation
[IIT-JEE 2006, 3M]
x 7 + 14 x 5 + 16x 3 + 30x - 560 = 0 have? [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
4 5 (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
(a) l < (b) l <
3 3 126. Suppose the cubic x 3 - px + q = 0 has three distinct real
æ1 5ö æ 4 5ö
(c) l Î ç , ÷ (d) l Î ç , ÷ roots, where p > 0 and q < 0. Which one of the following
è3 3ø è 3 3ø
holds? [AIEEE 2008, 3M]
119. All the values of m for which both roots of the equation æ pö p
x 2 - 2mx + m 2 - 1 = 0 are greater than - 2 but less than (a) The cubic has minima at ç - ÷ and maxima at
è 3ø 3
4, lie in the interval [AIEEE 2006, 3M] p æ pö
(a) - 2 < m < 0 (b) m > 3 (b) The cubic has minima at both and ç - ÷
3 è 3ø
(c) - 1 < m < 3 (d) 1 < m < 4
p æ pö
120. If the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 + px + q = 0 are (c) The cubic has maxima at both and ç - ÷
3 è 3ø
tan 30° and tan 15°, respectively, the value of 2 + q - p is æ
p pö
(a) 2 (b) 3 [AIEEE 2006, 3M] (d) The cubic has minima at and maxima at ç - ÷
3 è 3ø
(c) 0 (d) 1
121. Let a, b be the roots of the equation x 2 - px + r = 0 and 127. The smallest value of k , for which both roots of the
a equation x 2 - 8kx + 16 (k 2 - k + 1) = 0 are real, distinct
, 2 b be the roots of the equation x 2 - qx + r = 0. The
2 and have value at least 4 , is [IIT-JEE 2009, 4M]
value of r is [IIT-JEE 2007, 3M] (a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 0
2
2
(a) ( p - q ) (2q - p ) (b)
2
(q - p ) (2 p - q ) 128. If the roots of the equation bx + cx + a = 0 be
9 9 imaginary, then for all real values of x, the expression
2 2
(c) (q - 2 p ) (2q - p ) (d) (2 p - q ) (2q - p ) 3b 2 x 2 + 6bcx + 2c 2 , is [AIEEE 2009, 4M]
9 9
(a) less than ( - 4ab ) (b) greater than 4ab
(c) less than 4ab (d) greater than ( - 4ab )
129. Let p and q be real numbers such that p ¹ 0, p 3 ¹ - q . If 137. The equation e sin x
- e - sin x - 4 = 0 has [AIEEE 2012, 4M]
a and b are non-zero complex numbers satisfying (a) exactly one real root
a + b = - p and a 3 + b 3 = q, a quadratic equation (b) exactly four real roots
a b (c) infinite number of real roots
having and as its roots, is [IIT-JEE 2010, 3M] (d) no real roots
b a
(a) ( p 3 + q ) x 2 - ( p 3 + 2q ) x + ( p 3 + q ) = 0 138. If the equations x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax 2 + bx + c = 0,
(b) ( p 3 + q ) x 2 - ( p 3 - 2q ) x + ( p 3 + q ) = 0 a, b, c Î R have a common root, then a : b : c is
[JEE Main 2013, 4M]
(c) ( p 3 - q ) x 2 - (5 p 3 - 2q ) x + ( p 3 - q ) = 0 (a) 3 : 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 3 : 2 (c) 3 : 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 2 : 3
(d) ( p 3 - q ) x 2 - (5 p 3 + 2q ) x + ( p 3 - q ) = 0 139. If a Î R and the equation
130. Consider the polynomial f ( x ) = 1 + 2x + 3x 2
+ 4 x 3 . Let -3 ( x - [x ]) 2 + 2 ( x - [x ]) + a 2 = 0 (where [ × ] denotes
s be the sum of all distinct real roots of f ( x ) and let the greatest integer function) has no integral solution,
t = | s |, real number s lies in the interval [IIT-JEE 2010, 3M] then all possible values of a lie in the interval
[JEE Main 2014, 4M]
æ 1 ö æ 3ö æ 3 1ö æ 1ö
(a) ç - , 0 ÷ (b) ç - 11, ÷ (c) ç - , - ÷ (d) ç 0, ÷ (a) ( -2, - 1 )
è 4 ø è 4ø è 4 2ø è 4ø
(b) ( -¥, - 2 ) È (2, ¥ )
131. Let a and b be the roots of x 2 - 6x - 2 = 0, with a > b. If (c) ( -1, 0 ) È ( 0, 1 )
(d) (1,2)
a10 - 2a 8
an = a n - b n for n ³ 1, the value of is 140. Let a, b be the roots of the equation px 2 + qx + r = 0,
2a 9
[IIT-JEE 2011, 3 and JEE Main 2015,4M] 1 1
p ¹ 0. If p , q , r are in AP and + = 4 , the value of
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 a b
132. A value of b for which the equations | a - b |, is [JEE Main 2014, 4M]
2 2 34 2 13
x + bx - 1 = 0 x + x + b = 0 (a) (b)
9 9
have one root in common, is [IIT-JEE 2011, 3M] 61 2 17
(a) - 2 (b) - i 3, i = -1 (c) (d)
9 9
(c) i 5, i = -1 (d) 2
141. Let a Î R and let f : R ® R be given by
133. The number of distinct real roots of f ( x ) = x 5 - 5x + a. Then, [JEE Advanced 2014, 3M]
4 3 2
x - 4x + 12x + x - 1 = 0 is [IIT-JEE 2011, 4M] (a) f ( x ) has three real roots, if a > 4
(b) f ( x ) has only one real root, if a > 4
134. Let for a ¹ a1 ¹ 0, f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c , (c) f ( x ) has three real roots, if a < - 4
g ( x ) = a1 x 2 + b1 x + c 1 and p ( x ) = f ( x ) - g ( x ). If p ( x ) = 0 (d) f ( x ) has three real roots, if -4 < a < 4
only for x = ( - 1) and p ( - 2) = 2, the value of p (2) is 142. The quadratic equation p ( x ) = 0 with real coefficients
[AIEEE 2011, 4M]
(a) 18 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 6 has purely imaginary roots. Then, p ( p ( x )) = 0 has
[JEE Advanced 2014, 3M]
135. Sachin and Rahul attempted to solve a quadratic
(a) only purely imaginary roots
equation. Sachin made a mistake in writing down the
(b) all real roots
constant term and ended up in roots ( 4, 3). Rahul made a (c) two real and two purely imaginary roots
mistake in writing down coefficient of x to get roots (d) neither real nor purely imaginary roots
(3, 2). The correct roots of equation are [AIEEE 2011, 4M]
(a) - 4, - 3 (b) 6, 1 (c) 4, 3 (d) - 6, - 1 143. Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers a such that
the quadratic equation ax 2 - x + a = 0 has two distinct
136. Let a(a ) and b(a ) be the roots of the equation
real roots x 1 and x 2 satisfying the inequality
( 3 (1 + a ) - 1)x 2 + ( (1 + a ) - 1)x + ( 6 (1 + a ) - 1) = 0, | x 1 - x 2 | < 1.
where a > - 1, then lim a (a ) and lim b(a ), are Which of the following intervals is (are) a subset(s) of S ?
a ® 0+ a ® 0+
[JEE Advanced 2015, 4M]
[IIT-JEE 2012, 3M]
æ 5ö æ 1ö æ 1 1 ö æ 1 ö
(a) ç - ÷ and 1 (b) ç - ÷ and ( -1 ) (a) ç - , - ÷ (b) ç - , 0 ÷
è 2ø è 2ø è 2 5ø è 5 ø
æ 1 ö æ 1 1ö
æ 7ö æ 9ö (c) ç 0, ÷ (d) ç , ÷
(c) ç - ÷ and 2 (d) ç - ÷ and 3 è 5ø è 5 2ø
è 2ø è 2ø
144. The sum of all real values of x satisfying the equation (a) 2 (sec q - tan q) (b) 2 sec q
2 (c) - 2 tan q (d) 0
+ 4 x - 60
( x 2 - 5x + 5) x = 1 is [JEE Main 2016, 4M]
146. If for a positive integer n, the quadratic equation
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) -4
p p x ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) ( x + 2) K + ( x + n - 1) ( x + n ) = 10n has
145. Let - < q < - . Suppose a 1 and b 1 are the roots of two consecutive integral solutions, then n is equal to
6 12
equation x 2 - 2x sec q + 1 = 0 and a 2 and b 2 are the roots [JEE Main 2017, 4M]
of the equation x 2 + 2x tan q - 1 = 0. If a 1 > b 1 and (a) 11 (b) 12
a 2 > b 2 , then a 1 + b 2 equals [JEE Advanced 2016, 3M] (c) 9 (d) 10
Answers
æ 7 - 33 ö æ 7 + 33 ö
89. (i) m Î ç -¥ , ÷ (ii) m Î ç , ¥ ÷ (iii) m Î f
è 2 ø è 2 ø
æ 7 - 33 11 - 73 ö æ 7 + 33 11 + 73 ö
(iv) m Îç , ÷ Èç , ÷
è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
æ 7 - 33 7 + 33 ö
(v) m Î (0, 3) (vi) m Î ç , ÷
è 2 2 ø
æ 7 - 33 11 - 73 ö æ 7 + 33 11 + 73 ö
(vii) m Î ç , ÷Èç , ÷
è 2 2 ø è 2 2 ø
æ 7 - 33 7 + 33 ö æ 7 + 33 ö
(viii) m Î ç , ÷ Èç , ¥÷
è 2 2 ø è 2 ø
æ 7 - 33 ö æ 7 - 33 7 + 33 ö
(ix) m Î ç -¥ , ÷ Èç , ÷
è 2 ø è 2 2 ø
æ 11 - 73 7 + 33 ö
(x) m Î ç , ÷
è 2 2 ø
93. a2l 2x 2 - ablmx + (b2 - 2ac) ln + (m2 - 2ln) ac = 0
Chapter Exercises 97. x Î f
1.(b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 98. x1 = 1 + 1 + log2 + = 1 - 1 + log2 +
3 10 , x2 3 10
7.(c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (c)
13.(b) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (b) 99. x1 = 2, x2 = - 1 + 3 and x3 = - 1 - 3
19.(c) 20. (d) 21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b)
100. x1 = 2
25.(a) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (c)
æ 3 ö
31.(a,b) 32.(b,c) 33.(a,d) 34.(a,b,c,d) 35. (b,d) 36. (a,b,c,d) 101. a Î (-¥ , - 1) È ç , ¥÷
37.(a, b,c,d) 38. (a,c) 39. (a,b) 40. (a,b,c,d) 41. (a,c) 42. (b,c) è 2 ø
43.(c,d) 44.(a,c,d) 45.(a,c,d) 102. x Î (-1 - 5 , - 3) È ( 5 - 1, 5)
46.(d) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49.(d) 50.(d) 51. (c)
52.(b) 53. (b) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (d) 57. (a) æ1 - 5 1 - 5 ö
103. The pairs (0, 1), (1, 0), ç , ÷ are solutions of the
58.(c) 59. (a) 60. (b) 61. (c) 62. (b) 63. (c) è 2 2 ø
64.(d) 65. (a) 66. (b) 67. (4) 68. (4) 69. (9) original system of equations.
70. (6) 71. (3) 72. (4) 73. (2) 74. (5) 75.(3) 104. (i) ry3 - q (r + 1) y2 + p (r + 1)2 y - (r + 1)3 = 0
76.(7) 77. (A) ® (r,s), (B) ® (p,q,r,s,t), (C) ® (p,q,t)
(ii) y3 - py2 + (4 q - p2 ) y + (8r - 4 pq + p3 ) = 0 and
78. (A) ® (q,r,s), (B) ® (p), (C) ® (q)
4 pq - p3 - 8r
79. (A) ® (q,r,s,t), (B) ® (q,r), (C) ® (p,q)
æ3 ö
80.(A) ® (p,q,r,s), (B) ® (p,q), (C) ® (s) 81.(d) 82. (a) 106. a Î ç , ¥ ÷ 107. x1 = - 1, x2 = - 1/ 2 109. Four
è4 ø
83. (a) 84. (a) 85. (a) 86. (d) 87.(a)
110. a Î æç - , 1ö÷
1
111. 80 112. (d) 113. (d) 114. (a)
88. (i) m Î (0, 3) (ii) m = 0, 3 è 4 ø
(iii) m Î (-¥ , 0) È (3, ¥ ) (iv) m Î (-¥ , - 1) È [ 3, ¥ ) 115. (d) 116. (a) 117. 1210 118.(a) 119. (c) 120. (b)
121. (d) 122. (a) 123. (b) 124. (c) 125. (a) 126. (d)
(v) m Î f (vi) m Î (-1, - 1/ 8)
127. (c) 128. (d) 129. (b) 130. (c) 131. (c) 132. (b)
(vii) m = - 1/ 3 (viii) m Î (-¥ , - 1) È (-1, - 1/ 8) È [ 3, ¥ ) 133.(2) 134. (a) 135. (b) 136. (b) 137. (d) 138. (d)
81 ± 6625 139. (c) 140. (b) 141.(b,d) 142. (d) 143. (a, d)
(ix) m Î (-1, - 1/ 8) (x) m =
32 144. (c) 145. (c) 146. (a)
5. Q x1x 2 = 4 ...(i)
Solutions and
⇒
⇒
or
x1
+
x2
x1 − 1 x 2 − 1
=2
2 x1x 2 − x1 − x 2 = 2 ( x1x 2 − x1 − x 2 + 1 )
8 − x1 − x 2 = 2 ( 4 − x1 − x 2 + 1 )
x1 + x 2 = 2
[from Eq. (i)]
…(ii)
1. We have, From Eqs. (i) and (ii), required equation is
2 (a − b ) x 2 − 11 (a + b + c ) x − 3 (a − b ) = 0 x 2 − ( x1 + x 2 ) x + x1x 2 = 0
∴ D = { − 11 (a + b + c )} 2 − 4 ⋅ 2 (a − b ) ⋅ ( −3 ) (a − b ) or x 2 − 2x + 4 = 0
= 121 (a + b + c ) 2 + 24 (a − b ) 2 > 0 6. Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 2ax + a 2 − 1
Therefore, the roots are real and unequal. Now, four cases arise:
2. Here, a < 0 Case I D ≥ 0
Cut-off Y -axis, x = 0
⇒ y =c < 0 [from graph]
∴ c<0
x -coordinate of vertex > 0
X
b –2 α β 2
⇒ − >0
2a
b ⇒ ( − 2a ) 2 − 4 ⋅ 1 (a 2 − 1 ) ≥ 0
⇒ <0
a ⇒ 4≥0
But a<0 ∴ a ∈R
∴ b>0 Case II f ( − 2 ) > 0
and y-coordinate of vertex < 0 ⇒ 4 + 4a + a 2 − 1 > 0
D D
⇒ − <0 ⇒ >0 ⇒ a 2 + 4a + 3 > 0
4a 4a
∴ D<0 [Q a < 0 ] ⇒ (a + 1 ) (a + 3 ) > 0
i.e. b 2 − 4ac < 0 ∴ a ∈ ( − ∞, − 3 ) ∪ ( − 1, ∞ )
c Case III f (2 ) > 0
∴ >0 [Qc < 0 , a < 0 ]
a ⇒ 4 − 4a + a 2 − 1 > 0
(a + 3 ) ⇒ a 2 − 4a + 3 > 0
3. Sum of the roots = − =I+ [let]
a ⇒ (a − 1 ) (a − 3 ) > 0
 3 
∴ a = − +  …(i) ∴ a ∈ ( − ∞, 1 ) ∪ (3, ∞ )
 I + 1 Case IV − 2 < x-coordinate of vertex < 2
a −3 ⇒ − 2 < 2a < 2
Product of the roots = αβ = =I+ +2 …(ii)
a ∴ a ∈ ( − 1, 1 )
and D = (a + 3 ) 2 − 4a (a + 3 ) Combining all cases, we get a ∈ ( − 1, 1 )
9 Hence, [a ] = − 1, 0
= + {( I + − 2 ) 2 − 12 } [from Eq. (i)]
(I + 1)2  − 4a 
7. We have, −   = −2
D must be perfect square, then I +
=6  2 (− 2)
From Eq. (ii), ⇒ a =2
+ ∴ y = − 2x 2 − 8x + λ
Product of the roots = I + 2 =6 + 2 =8 …(i)
4. Let α be one root of Since, Eq. (i) passes through points ( − 2, 7 )
x 2 − 3ax + f (a ) = 0 ∴ 7 = − 2 (− 2)2 − 8 (− 2) + λ
⇒ α + 2 α = 3a ⇒ 3 α = 3a ⇒ 7 = − 8 + 16 + λ
⇒ α =a …(i) ∴ λ = −1
and α ⋅ 2 α = f (a ) 8. Since, the coefficient of n 2 = ( 4p − p 2 − 5) < 0
⇒ f (a ) = 2 α 2= 2a 2 [using Eq. (i)] Therefore, the graph is open downward.
⇒ f (x ) = 2x 2 According to the question, 1 must lie between the roots.
Hence, f (1) > 0 Q g( x ) = ( x + 1 ) 2 − 6 ≥ − 6
⇒ 4p − p − 5 − 2p + 1 + 3p > 0
2
∴ α 3 ≤ − 7, α 2 ≤ − 8, α 1 ≤ − 9
⇒ − p + 5p − 4 > 0
2
∴ a + b + c ≥ 719
⇒ p 2 − 5p + 4 < 0 ∴Minimum value of a + b + c is 719.
Q α1 + α 2 + α 3 = − a
⇒ ( p − 4) ( p − 1) < 0
⇒ − a ≤ − 24
⇒ 1<p<4
⇒ a ≥ 24
∴ p = 2, 3
α 1α 2 + α 2 α 3 + α 3α 1 = b
Hence, number of integral values of p is 2.
2 2 ⇒ b ≥ 191
+ x+ 6
9. We have, 3 2 x − 2 ⋅ 3 x + 3 2 ( x + 6) = 0 and α 1α 2 α 3 = − c
2
⇒ (3 x − 3 x + 6 ) 2 = 0 ⇒ − c ≤ − 504
2 ⇒ c ≥ 504
⇒ 3x − 3x + 6 = 0
2
∴ a + b + c ≥ 719
⇒ 3x = 3x + 6 ⇒ x 2 = x + 6 Hence, minimum value of a + b + c is 719.
⇒ x2 − x − 6 = 0 n
13. Q ∑ ( x + k − 1) ( x + k ) = 10n
⇒ (x − 3) (x + 2) = 0 k =1
∴ x = { − 2, 3 } n
10. Given, b 2 − 4ac = p 2 − 4aq …(i) ⇒ ∑ x 2 + x (2k − 1) + (k − 1)k = 10n
k =1
and f ( x ) = g( x )
⇒ nx 2 + x (1 + 3 + 5 +…+ (2n − 1 ))
⇒ ax 2 + bx + c = ax 2 + px + q
⇒ (b − p ) x = q − c + ( 0 + 1 ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ 3 + 3 ⋅ 4 +…+ (n − 1 )n ) = 10n
q −c
∴ x= =α [given] …(ii) n
⇒ nx 2 + x ⋅ (1 + 2n − 1 )
b−p 2
From Eq. (i), we get  n (n + 1 ) (2n + 1 ) n(n + 1 )
+ −  = 10n
(b + p ) (b − p ) + 4a (q − c ) = 0  6 2 
⇒ (b + p ) (b − p ) + 4aα (b − p ) = 0 [from Eq. (ii)] n (n 2 − 1 )
(b + p ) ⇒ nx 2 + n 2x + = 10n
or α=− [Qb ≠ p] 3
4a
(n 2 − 31 )
 b  p ⇒ x 2 + nx + =0 [dividing by n]
−  + −  3
 a  a 
= D
4 Q (α + 1 ) − α =
Sum of the roots of ( f (x ) = 0)  1
+ Sum of the roots of (g (x ) = 0) 1= D
= 
4 ⇒ D =1
= AM of the roots of f ( x ) = 0 (n − 31 )
2
⇒ n2 − 4 ⋅1 ⋅ =1
and g( x ) = 0 3
11. Let α and β be the roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0. ⇒ 3n 2 − 4n 2 + 124 = 3
α+β b ⇒ n 2 = 121
∴ x1 = =−
2 2a ∴ n = 11
c
2⋅ 14. Since, 2 is only even prime.
2αβ a 2c
and x2 = = =− Therefore, we have
α +β −b b
2 2 + λ ⋅ 2 + 12 = 0
a
∴The required equation is ⇒ λ =8
 b   2c   2bc ∴ x 2 + λx + µ = 0
x 2 −  −  +  −   x + =0
 2a   b   2ab ⇒ x 2 + 8x + µ = 0 …(i)
i.e. 2abx + (b + 4ac ) x + 2bc = 0
2 2
But Eq. (i) has equal roots.
12. Let α 1, α 2 and α 3 be the roots of f ( x ) = 0, such that ∴ D=0
α1 < α 2 < α 3 ⇒ 8 − 4 ⋅1 ⋅µ = 0
2
and g( x ) can take all values from [ − 6, ∞ ). ⇒ µ = 16

15. We have, x + x − (1 − x ) = 1 9 ⋅ 3 2 x + 6 ⋅ 3 x + 4 (3 x + 1 ) 2 + 2 ⋅ 3 x + 1 + 4
Let y = =
9 ⋅ 3 2 x − 6 ⋅ 3 x + 4 (3 x + 1 ) 2 − 2 ⋅ 3 x + 1 + 4
⇒ x − 1 − x =1 − x
t 2 + 2t + 4
On squaring both sides, we get = , where t = 3 x + 1
t 2 − 2t + 4
x − 1 − x =1 + x −2 x
⇒ (y − 1 ) t 2 − 2 (y + 1 ) t + 4 (y − 1 ) = 0
⇒ − 1 − x =1−2 x By the given condition, for every t ∈ R,
1
Again, squaring on both sides, we get <y <3 …(i)
3
1 − x = 1 + 4x − 4 x
But t = 3x + 1 > 0
4 x = 5x
We have, product of the roots = 4 > 0, which is true.
⇒ x =
4 2 (y + 1 )
[on squaring both sides] And sum of the roots = >0
5 (y − 1 )
⇒ x=
16 y +1
⇒ >0
25 y −1
Hence, the number of real solutions is 1. ∴ y ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪ (1, ∞ ) …(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
16. Let x = 7 + 7 − 7 + 7 −…∞
1 <y <3
⇒ x= 7+ 7−x [on squaring both sides] 19. Since α , β and γ are the roots of
⇒ x2 − 7 = 7 − x (x − a ) (x − b ) (x − c ) = d
⇒ (x − a ) (x − b ) (x − c ) − d = (x − α ) (x − β) (x − γ )
⇒ (x 2 − 7)2 = 7 − x [again, squaring on both sides] ⇒ (x −α ) (x −β ) (x − γ ) + d = (x − a ) (x − b ) (x − c )
⇒ x − 14 x + x + 42 = 0
4 2 ⇒ a, b and c are the roots of
(x −α ) (x −β ) (x − γ ) + d = 0
⇒ ( x − 3 ) ( x + 3 x 2 − 5 x − 14 ) = 0
3
20. Since, all the coefficients of given equation are not real.
⇒ (x − 3) (x + 2) (x 2 + x − 7) = 0 Therefore, other root ≠ 3 + i.
− 1 ± 29 Let other root be α.
⇒ x = 3, − 2,
2 2 (1 + i )
∴ x =3 [Q x > 7] Then, sum of the roots =
i
17. Let y = 2 (k − x ) ( x + ( x + k ) 2 2 2 (1 + i )
⇒ α + 3 −i =
i
⇒ y − 2 (k − x ) x = 2 (k − x ) ( x 2 + k 2 ) ⇒ α + 3 − i = 2 − 2i
On squaring both sides, we get ∴ α = −1 −i
⇒ y 2 + 4 (k − x ) 2 x 2 − 4 xy (k − x ) = 4 (k − x ) 2 ( x 2 + k 2 ) 21. We have, |[ x ] − 2 x | = 4
⇒ y 2 − 4 xy (k − x ) = 4 (k − x ) 2k 2 ⇒ |[ x ] − 2 ([ x ] + { x })| = 4
⇒ |[ x ] + 2 { x }| = 4
⇒ 4 (k − y ) x − 4(2k − ky ) x − y + 4k = 0
2 2 3 2 4
which is possible only when
Since, x is real.
2 { x } = 0, 1
∴ D≥0
1
⇒ 16 (2k 3 − ky ) 2 − 4 ⋅ 4 (k 2 − y ) ( 4k 4 − y 2 ) ≥ 0 If { x } = 0, then [ x ] = ± 4 and then x = − 4, 4 and if { x } = ,
2
[using, b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0] then
⇒ 4k 6 + k 2y 2 − 4k 4y − ( − k 2y 2 + 4k 6 + y 3 − 4yk 4 ) ≥ 0 [x ] + 1 = ± 4
⇒ [ x ] = 3, − 5
⇒ 2k 2y 2 − y 3 ≥ 0
1 1
⇒ y 2 (y − 2k 2 ) ≤ 0 ∴ x = 3 + and − 5 +
2 2
∴ y ≤ 2k 2 7 9 9 7
⇒ x = , − ⇒ x = − 4, − , , 4
1 x 2 − 2x + 4 2 2 2 2
18. We have, < < 3, ∀ x ∈ R
3 x 2 + 2x + 4 22. We know that, x 2 + x + 1 is a factor of ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d .
1 x 2 + 2x + 4 Hence, roots of x 2 + x + 1 = 0 are also roots of
< < 3, ∀ x ∈ R
3 x 2 − 2x + 4 ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0. Since, ω and ω 2
 1 3i  26. Since, 3789108 is an even integer. Therefore, x 4 − y 4 is also an
 where ω = − +  are two complex roots of x + x + 1 = 0.
2
 2 2 even integer. So, either both x and y are even integers or both
Therefore, ω and ω 2 are two complex roots of of them are odd integers.
ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0. Now, x 4 − y 4 = (x − y ) (x + y ) (x 2 + y 2 )
We know that, a cubic equation has atleast one real root. Let ⇒ x − y , x + y , x 2 + y 2 must be even integers.
real root be α. Then, Therefore, ( x − y ) ( x + y ) ( x 2 + y 2 ) must be divisible by 8. But
d d
α ⋅ ω ⋅ ω2 = − ⇒α=− 3789108 is not divisible by 8. Hence, the given equation has no
a a solution.
23. We have, (5 x 2 − 8 x + 3 ) − (5 x 2 − 9 x + 4 ) ∴ Number of solutions = 0
27. We have, x 3 + ax + 1 = 0
= (2 x 2 − 2 x ) − (2 x 2 − 3 x + 1 )
or x 4 + ax 2 + x = 0 …(i)
⇒ (5 x − 3 ) ( x − 1 ) − (5 x − 4 ) ( x − 1 )
and x + ax + 1 = 0
4 2
…(ii)
= 2 x ( x − 1 ) − (2 x − 1 ) ( x − 1 ) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ x − 1 ( 5x − 3 − 5x − 4 ) = x − 1 ( 2x − 2x − 1 ) x −1 = 0
⇒ x =1
⇒ x −1 = 0 which is a common root.
⇒ x =1 ∴ 1 +a + 1 = 0
24. We have, (a + b ) (a − b ) = a 2 − b = 1 [given] ⇒ a = −2
∴ (a + b ) x 2 − 15
+ (a − b ) x 2 − 15
= 2a
28. Q(1 − a 2 ) x 2 + 2ax − 1 = 0
x 2 − 15 1 1 − a2 ≠ 0
⇒ (a + b ) + = 2a
2
(a + b ) x − 15  2a   1 
x2 +  x −   =0
2 1 − a 
2
1 − a2
Let y = (a + b ) x − 15
1  2a   1 
⇒ y + = 2a ⇒ y 2 − 2ay + 1 = 0 Let f (x ) = x 2 +  x −  
y 1 − a2  (1 − a 2 )
2a ±
4a 2 − 4
⇒ y = = a ± a2 − 1
2
∴ y = a ± b = (a + b ) ± 1 [Qa 2 − b = 1]
2
− 15
⇒ (a + b ) x = (a + b ) ± 1 0 α β1
X
∴ x 2 − 15 = ± 1 The following cases arise:

⇒ x 2 = 15 ± 1 ⇒ x 2 = 16, 14 Case I D ≥ 0
2
⇒ x = ± 4, ± 14  2a   −1 
  − 4 ⋅1 ⋅   ≥0
25. We have, x 2 − xy + y 2 = 4 ( x + y − 4 ) 1 − a2 1 − a2
⇒ x 2 − x (y + 4 ) + y 2 − 4y + 16 = 0 4a 2 4
⇒ + ≥0
Q x ∈R (1 − a )
2 2
(1 − a 2 )
∴ ( − (y + 4 )) 2 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ (y 2 − 4y + 16 ) ≥ 0 4a 2 + 4 − 4a 2
⇒ ≥0
[using, b − 4ac ≥ 0 ]
2 (1 − a 2 ) 2
⇒ y 2 + 8y + 16 − 4y 2 + 16y − 64 ≥ 0 4
⇒ ≥0 [always true]
⇒ 3y 2 − 24y + 48 ≤ 0 (1 − a 2 ) 2
⇒ y 2 − 8y + 16 ≤ 0 ⇒ (y − 4 ) 2 ≤ 0 Case II f ( 0 ) > 0
−1 1
∴ (y − 4 ) 2 = 0 ⇒ >0 ⇒ <0
(1 − a 2 ) 1 − a2
∴ y =4
⇒ 1 − a2 < 0
Then, x 2 − 4 x + 16 = 4( x + 4 − 4 )
∴ a ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪ (1, ∞ )
x 2 − 8 x + 16 = 0
Case III f (1 ) > 0
(x − 4)2 = 0 2a 1
⇒ 1+ − >0
x=4 (1 − a 2 ) (1 − a 2 )
Number of pairs is 1 i.e., ( 4, 4 ).
1 − a 2 + 2a − 1 a 2 − 2a  − 1 + 5
⇒ >0 ⇒ <0 ∴ x ∈ 0, 
(1 − a )
2
1 − a2  2 
+ + + Case II If x < 0, i.e., −1 ≤ x < 0

–1 – 0 1 – 2 x − (1 + x ) < 0
⇒ x < 1+ x [always true]
a (a − 2 ) x ∈ [ − 1, 0 )
⇒ >0
(a + 1 ) (a − 1 ) Combining both cases, we get
∴ a ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪ ( 0, 1 ) ∪ (2, ∞ )  −1 + 5
x ∈ − 1, 
Case IV 0 < x -coordinate of vertex < 1  2 
2a a
⇒ 0<− <1 ⇒ 0 < 2 <1 30. We have, (a ⋅ 2b − 2c ⋅ a ) (2c ⋅ c − b ⋅ 2b ) = (ba − ca ) 2
2 (1 − a 2 ) a −1
⇒ 2a (b − c ) ⋅ 2 (c 2 − b 2 ) = a 2(b − c ) 2
a a
⇒ 0< and 1 − 2 >0 ⇒ 4a (c − b ) (c + b ) = a 2(b − c ) [Qb ≠ c ]
(a + 1 ) (a − 1 ) a −1
a ⇒ 4a (c + b ) = − a 2
⇒ >0
(a + 1 ) (a − 1 ) ⇒ a + 4b + 4c = 0
 b c
+ + 31. 0 < a 0 ⇒ (α + β ) 2 − 4 αβ < 0
(a + 1 ) (a − 1 )
⇒ (α − β ) 2 < 0
+ + +
Q 0 <a 1 Q a < c, ∴ > 1
a  a 
1 − 5  1 + 5 
∴ a ∈ , 0 ∪  , ∞ ⇒ | α| | β| > 1
 2   2 
⇒ | α | 2 > 1 or | α | > 1
Combining all cases, we get
a >2 32. Given equation is
29. We have, x − 1 − |x| < 0 …(i) Ax 2 − | G | x − H = 0 …(i)
which is defined only when ∴ Discriminant = ( − | G | ) − 4 A ( − H )
2
1 − |x | ≥ 0 = G 2 + 4 AH
⇒ |x | ≤ 1 = G 2 + 4G 2 [QG 2 = AH ]
⇒ x ∈ [ − 1, 1 ]
= 5G 2 > 0
Now, from Eq. (i), we get
x < 1 − |x| ∴ Roots of Eq. (i) are real and distinct.
a+b 2ab
Case I If x ≥ 0, i.e., 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 Q A= > 0, G = ab > 0, H = >0
2 a+b
x − (1 − | x | ) < 0
[Qa and b are two unequal positive integers]
⇒ x < (1 − x ) Let α and β be the roots of Eq. (i). Then,
On squaring both sides, we get | G|
α+β= >0
x2 + x − 1 < 0 A
H
−1 − 5 −1 + 5 and αβ = − <0
⇒ <x< A
2 2
D G 5
But x≥0 and α −β = = >0
A A
|G | + G 5 The given equation will have four real roots, i.e. Eq. (i) has two
∴ α= >0 non-negative roots.
2A
b
|G | − G 5 Then, − ≥0
and β= <0 a
2A
af ( 0 ) ≥ 0
Exactly one positive root and atleast one root which is
negative fraction. and b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0 [given]
33. It is clear from graph that the equation y = ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ⇒
b
≤0
has two real and distinct roots. Therefore, a
b 2 − 4ac > 0 …(i) ac ≥ 0
Q Parabola open downwards. ⇒ a > 0, b < 0, c > 0
∴ a<0 or a < 0, b > 0, c < 0
a
andy = ax 2 + bx + c cuts-off Y -axis at, x = 0. 36. Let the roots be , a and ar , where a > 0, r > 1
r
∴ y =c < 0 ∴ Product of the roots = 1
⇒ c<0 a
and x-coordinate of vertex > 0 ⇒ ⋅ a ⋅ ar = 1
r
b b
⇒ − >0 ⇒ <0 ⇒ a3 = 1
2a a
∴ a =1 [one root is 1]
⇒ b>0 [Qa < 0]
1
It is clear that a and b are of opposite signs. Now, roots are , 1 and r . Then,
r
34. Let y = ax 2 + bx + c 1
+ 1 + r = −b
r
1
a>0 ⇒ + r = −b −1 …(i)
r
1
–2 2 Q r + >2
α β r
⇒ −b −1 >2
Consider the following cases: ⇒ b < −3 [from Eq. (i)]
Case I D > 0 or b ∈ ( − ∞, − 3 )
⇒ b 2 − 4ac > 0 1 1
Also, ⋅1 + 1 ⋅r + r ⋅ = c
Case II af ( − 2 ) < 0 r r
⇒ a ( 4a − 2b + c ) < 0 1
⇒ + r + 1 =c = −b [from Eq. (i)]
⇒ 4a − 2b + c < 0 r
Case III af (2 ) > 0 ∴ b +c = 0
⇒ a ( 4a + 2b + c ) > 0 1
⇒ 4a + 2 b + c > 0 Now, first root = < 1 [Q one root is smaller than one]
r
Combining Case II and Case III, we get
Second root = 1
4a + 2| b| + c < 0
Third root = r > 1 [Q one root is greater than one]
Also, at x = 0, y <0 ⇒c<0
37. We have, f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c
Also, since for − 2 < x < 2,
a, b , c ∈ R [Q a ≠ 0 ]
y <0 1
On putting x = 0, 1, , we get
⇒ ax 2 + bx + c < 0 2
For x = 1, a+b+c<0 …(i) |c | ≤ 1
and for x = − 1, a −b + c < 0 …(ii) |a + b + c | ≤ 1
1 1
Combining Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get and a + b + c ≤1
4 2
a + | b| + c < 0
⇒ −1 ≤ c ≤ 1,
35. Put x 2 = y .
−1 ≤a + b + c ≤1
Then, the given equation can be written as
and − 4 ≤ a + 2b + 4c ≤ 4
f (y ) = ay 2 + by + c = 0 …(i) ⇒ − 4 ≤ 4a + 4b + 4c ≤ 4
and − 4 ≤ − a − 2b − 4c ≤ 4
On adding, we get b
Option (d) a < 0, c < 0, − <0
− 8 ≤ 3a + 2b ≤ 8 2a
Also, − 8 ≤ a + 2b ≤ 8 or a < 0, c < 0, b < 0
∴ − 16 ≤ 2a ≤ 16 ∴ abc < 0
⇒ | a| ≤ 8 41. Here, D ≤ 0
Q −1 ≤ − c ≤ 1, − 8 ≤ − a ≤ 8 and f ( x ) ≥ 0, ∀ x ∈ R
We get, − 16 ≤ 2b ≤ 16 ∴ f (3 ) ≥ 0
⇒ |b | ≤ 8 ⇒ 9a + 3b + 6 ≥ 0
or 3a + b ≥ − 2
∴ | a| + | b| + | c | ≤ 17
⇒ Minimum value of 3a + b is − 2.
− 5 ± 25 + 1200 −5 ± 35 30 − 40
38. Q x = = = , and f (6 ) ≥ 0
50 50 50 50 ⇒ 36a + 6b + 6 ≥ 0
3 −4 ⇒ 6a + b ≥ − 1
or cos α = ,
5 5 ⇒ Minimum value of 6a + b is −1.
But −1 < x < 0 42. Since, f ( x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 − 9x + λ = ( x − α ) 2( x − β)
4 ∴ α is a double root.
∴ cos α = − [ lies in II and III quadrants]
5 ∴ f ′( x ) = 0 has also one root α.
3 i.e. 3 x 2 + 6 x − 9 = 0 has one root α.
∴ sin α = [ lies in II quadrant]
5
∴ x 2 + 2 x − 3 = 0 or ( x + 3 ) ( x − 1 ) = 0
3
∴ sin α = − [lies in III quadrant] has the root α which can either −3 or 1.
5
If α = 1, then f (1 ) = 0 gives λ − 5 = 0 ⇒ λ = 5.
24
∴ sin 2α = 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α = − If α = − 3, then f ( − 3 ) = 0 gives
25
− 27 + 27 + 27 + λ = 0
[ lies in II quadrant] ⇒ λ = − 27
24 43. We have, D = (b − c ) 2 − 4a (a − b − c ) > 0
∴ sin 2α = 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cosα = [lies in III quadrant]
25
⇒ b 2 + c 2 − 2bc − 4a 2 + 4ab + 4ac > 0
39. Qa + 2b + 4c = 0
⇒ c 2 + ( 4a − 2b ) c − 4a 2 + 4ab + b 2 > 0, ∀c ∈ R
2
 1  1 Since, c ∈ R, so we have
∴ a   + b  + c = 0
 2  2
( 4a − 2b ) 2 − 4 ( − 4a 2 + 4ab + b 2 ) < 0
1
It is clear that one root is . ⇒ 4a 2 − 4ab + b 2 + 4a 2 − 4ab − b 2 < 0
2
1 b ⇒ a (a − b ) < 0
Let other root be α. Then, α + =− If a > 0, then a − b < 0
2 a
1 b i.e. 0 <a a > 0
2 a
which depends upon a and b. If a < 0, then a − b > 0
i.e. 0 >a >b
40. Q Cut-off Y -axis, put x = 0, i.e. f ( 0) = c
or b <a < 0
b x 3 − ax 2 + bx − 1 = 0
Option (a) a < 0, c < 0, − <0 44. We have, …(i)
2a
Then, α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 = (α + β + γ ) 2 − 2 (αβ + βγ + γα )
or a < 0, c < 0, b < 0
∴ abc < 0 = a 2 − 2b
b α 2 β 2 + β 2 γ 2 + γ 2 α 2 = (αβ + βγ + γα ) 2
Option (b) a < 0, c > 0, − >0
2a − 2 αβγ (α + β + γ ) = b 2 − 2a
or a < 0, c > 0, b > 0 and α 2 β2 γ 2 = 1
∴ abc < 0
Therefore, the equation whose roots are α 2, β 2 and γ 2, is
b
Option (c) a > 0, c > 0, − >0 x 3 − (a 2 − 2b ) x 2 + (b 2 − 2a ) x − 1 = 0 …(ii)
2a
or a > 0, c > 0, b < 0 Since, Eqs. (i) and (ii) are indentical, therefore
∴ abc < 0 a 2 − 2b = a and b 2 − 2a = b
Eliminating b, we have ⇒ (7y − 1 ) (y − 7 ) ≤ 0
(a 2 − a ) 2 a2 − a ∴
1
≤y ≤7
− 2a =
4 2 7
1
⇒ a {a (a − 1 ) 2 − 8 − 2 (a − 1 )} = 0 ∴ G = 7 and L =
7
⇒ a (a − 2a − a − 6 ) = 0
3 2
∴ GL = 1
⇒ a (a − 3 ) (a 2 + a + 2 ) = 0 G100 + L100 G100 + L100
Now, ≥ (GL )100 ⇒ ≥1
⇒ a = 0 or a = 3 or a 2 + a + 2 = 0 2 2
⇒ b = 0 or b = 3 ⇒ G100 + L100 ≥ 2
or b2 + b + 2 = 0 46. Least value of G100 + L100 is 2.
∴ a =b = 0 47. The quadratic equation having roots G and L, is
or a =b =3 x 2 − (G + L ) x + GL = 0
or a and b are roots of x 2 + x + 2 = 0. 50
⇒ x2 − x + 1 = 0
45. Here, D > 0 7
⇒ 7 x 2 − 50 x + 7 = 0
a > 0
48. We have, L2 < λ < G 2
–2 2
X 2
α β  1
⇒   < λ <7
2
 7
1
⇒ < λ < 49
b 2 − 4ac > 0 49
or b 2 > 4ac …(i) ⇒ λ = 1, 2, 3,…, 48 as λ ∈ N
and f (0) < 0 48 × 49
∴ Sum of all values of λ = 1 + 2 + 3 +…+ 48 = = 1176
⇒ c<0 …(ii) 2
f (1 ) < 0 Solutions (Q. Nos. 49 to 51)
⇒ a+b+c<0 …(iii) Let roots be α , β, γ, δ > 0.
f (− 1) < 0 ∴ α + β + γ + δ = 12
⇒ a −b + c < 0 …(iv) (α + β ) ( γ + δ ) + αβ + γδ = c
f (2 ) < 0 αβ ( γ + δ ) + γδ (α + β ) = − d
⇒ 4a + 2b + c < 0 …(v) α β γδ = 81
f (− 2) < 0 α+β+γ+δ
Q AM = =3
⇒ 4a − 2b + c < 0 …(vi) 4
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get and GM = (α β γ δ )1 /4 = (81 )1 /4 = 3
c < 0, b2 − 4ac > 0 ∴ AM = GM
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get ⇒ α =β = γ =δ =3
a − |b | + c < 0 49. c = (α + β) ( γ + δ ) + αβ + γδ
and from Eqs. (v) and (vi), we get = (3 + 3 ) (3 + 3 ) + 3 ⋅ 3 + 3 ⋅ 3 = 36 + 18 = 54
4a − 2 | b | + c < 0 50. Qαβ ( γ + δ ) + γδ (α + β) = − d
Solutions (Q. Nos. 46 to 48) ∴ d = − {3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ (3 + 3 ) + 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ (3 + 3 )} = − 108
2x 2 − 3x + 2 d ( − 108 )
Let y = 2 51. Required root = − = − =1
2x + 3x + 2 2c 2 × 54
⇒ 2 x 2y + 3 xy + 2y = 2 x 2 − 3 x + 2 Solutions (Q. Nos. 52 to 54)
⇒ 2 (y − 1 ) x 2 + 3 (y + 1 ) x + 2 (y − 1 ) = 0 Given that, AC = 4 2 units
As x ∈ R AC
∴ AB = BC = = 4 units
∴ D≥0 2
⇒ 9 (y + 1 ) − 4 ⋅ 2 (y − 1 ) ⋅ 2 (y − 1 ) ≥ 0
2
and OB = ( BC ) 2 − (OC ) 2
⇒ 9 (y + 1 ) 2 − 16 (y − 1 ) 2 ≥ 0  AC 
= ( 4 ) 2 − (2 2 ) 2 Q OC =
⇒ (3y + 3 ) 2 − ( 4y − 4 ) 2 ≥ 0  2 
⇒ (7y − 1 ) (7 − y ) ≥ 0 = 2 2 units
∴ Vertices are A ≡ ( − 2 2, 0 ), Solutions (Q. Nos. 58 to 60)
B ≡ ( 0, −2 2 ) Let f ( x ) = ax 2 − bx + c has two distinct roots α and β. Then,
f ( x ) = a ( x − α ) ( x − β ). Since, f ( 0 ) and f (1 ) are of same sign.
and C ≡ (2 2, 0)
Therefore, c (a − b + c ) > 0
52. Since, y = f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c passes through A, B and C, then ⇒ c (a − b + c ) ≥ 1
0 = 8a − 2 2b + c − 2 2 = c ∴ a αβ (1 − α ) (1 − β ) ≥ 1
2
and 0 = 8a + 2 2b + c 1 1
2
 1
But α (1 − α ) = −  − α ≤
We get, b = 0, a =
1
and c = − 2 2 4 2  4
2 2
a2
x2 ∴ a 2 αβ (1 − α ) (1 − β ) <
∴ y = f (x ) = −2 2 16
2 2 a2
⇒ >1 ⇒ a > 4 [Q α ≠ β]
x2 16
53. Minimum value of y = − 2 2 is at x = 0.
2 2 ⇒ a ≥ 5 as a ∈ I
∴ (y ) min = − 2 2 Also, b 2 − 4ac ≥ 0
54. f ( x ) = 0 ⇒ b 2 ≥ 4ac ≥ 20
x2 ⇒ b ≥5
⇒ −2 2 = 0 ⇒ x = ± 2 2
2 2 Next, a ≥ 5, b ≥ 5, we get c ≥ 1
λ ∴ abc ≥ 25
Given, −2 2 < <2 2
2 ∴ log 5 abc ≥ log 5 25 = 2
or −4 2<λ<4 2 58. Least value of a is 5.
∴Initial values of λ are 59. Least value of b is 5.
−5, − 4, − 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 60. Least value of logb abc is 2.
∴Number of integral values is 11.
Solutions. (Q. Nos. 61 to 63)
Solutions. (Q. Nos. 55 to 57) Let α , β and γ be the roots of 2 x 3 + ax 2 + bx + 4 = 0.
We have, (α − β ) = (α + k ) − ( β + k ) a
∴ α+β+γ=−
b 2 − 4c b 2 − 4c1 2
⇒ = 1
1 1 b
αβ + βγ + γα = and αβγ = − 2
⇒ b − 4c = b1 − 4c1
2 2
…(i) 2
1 (b 2 − 4c ) 1 61. Q AM ≥ GM
Given, least value of f ( x ) = − − =− (− α ) + (− β) + (− γ )
4 4 ×1 4 ∴ ≥ {( − α ) ( − β ) ( − γ )}1 /3
3
⇒ b 2 − 4c = 1
a
∴ b 2 − 4c = 1 = b12 − 4c1 [from Eq. (i)] …(ii) 2 ≥ (2 )1/ 3
⇒
7 3
Also, given least value of g( x ) occurs at x = .
2 ∴ a ≥ 6 (2 )1/ 3 …(i)
b1 7
∴ − = or a 3 ≥ 432
2 ×1 2
Hence, minimum value of a 3 is 432.
∴ b1 = − 7
62. Q AM ≥ GM
55. b 1 = − 7
( −α ) ( −β ) + ( −β ) ( −γ ) + ( −γ ) ( −α )
b12 − 4c1 1 ∴
56. Least value of g ( x ) = − =− [from Eq. (ii)] 3
4 ×1 4
≥ {( − α ) ( − β ) ( − β ) ( − γ ) ( − γ ) ( − α )}1 / 3
57. Q g( x ) = 0 b/ 2
⇒ ≥ ( 4 )1/ 3
∴ x 2 + b1x + c1 = 0 3
− b1 ± b12 − 4c1 ⇒ b ≥ 6 ( 4 )1/ 3 …(ii)
⇒ x=
2 or b 3 ≥ 864
7±1 Hence, minimum value of b 3 is 864.
= = 3, 4
2 63. From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
∴ Roots of g( x ) = 0 are 3, 4. ab ≥ 6 (2 )1 / 3 ⋅ 6( 4 )1 / 3
⇒ ab ≥ 36 × 2 68. We have,
a+b a+b (5 + 2 ) x 2 − ( 4 + 5 ) x + 8 + 2 5 = 0
Q ≥ ab ≥ 6 2 ⇒ ≥6 2
2 2
4+ 5
∴ a + b ≥ 12 2 ∴Sum of the roots =
5+ 2
or (a + b ) 3 ≥ 3456 2
8+2 5
Hence, minimum value of (a + b ) 3 is 3456 2. and product of the roots =
5+ 2
Solutions (Q. Nos. 64 to 66) ∴The harmonic mean of the roots
∴ α+β+γ+δ=−A …(i)
2 × Product of the roots 2 × (8 + 2 5 )
(α + β ) ( γ + δ ) + αβ + γδ = B …(ii) = = =4
αβ ( γ + δ ) + γδ (α + β ) = − C …(iii)
Sum of the roots (4 + 5 )
and αβγδ = D …(iv) 69. Let x 2 − ax + 30 = y
C αβ ( γ + δ ) + γδ (α + β ) ∴ y = 2 y + 15
64. Q = …(i)
A α+β+γ+δ
k ( γ + δ ) + k (α + β ) ⇒ y − 4y − 60 = 0
2
= [Qαβ = γδ =k]
α+β+γ+δ ⇒ (y − 10 ) (y + 6 ) = 0
=k …(v) ∴ y = 10, − 6
65. From Eq. (ii), we get ⇒ y = 10, y ≠ − 6 [Qy > 0]
(α + β ) ( γ + δ ) = B − (αβ + γδ ) = B − 2k [Qαβ = γδ = k] Now, x − ax + 30 = 10
2
66. From Eq. (iv), we get

⇒ x 2 − ax + 20 = 0
αβγδ = D
⇒ k ⋅k = D [Qαβ = γδ = k] Given, αβ = λ = 20
2 α+β
C ∴ ≥ αβ = 20
⇒   =D [from Eq. (v)] 2
 A
⇒ α + β ≥ 2 20
∴ C 2 = A 2D
67. The given equation is | x − 2 | 2 + | x − 2 | − 2 = 0. or µ=4 5
There are two cases: ∴ Minimum value of µ is 4 5.

Case I If x ≥ 2, then ( x − 2 ) 2 + x − 2 − 2 = 0 i.e., µ = 4 5 = 8.9 ⇒ (µ ) = 9
6
⇒ x − 3x = 0
2
 1  1
70. Q N r =  x +  −  x 6 +  −2
 x  x6
⇒ x (x − 3) = 0
2
⇒ x = 0, 3  1   1 
6 3
 1 1 
=  x +  −  x 3 + 3  =   x +  +  x 3 + 3  
Here, 0 is not possible.  x   x    x   x 
∴ x =3
 1
3
1 
Case II If x < 2, then   x +  −  x 3 + 3 
(x − 2)2 − x + 2 − 2 = 0  x  x 
⇒ x 2 − 5x + 4 = 0   1
= Dr ⋅ 3  x +  
⇒ (x − 1) (x − 4) = 0   x
⇒ x = 1, 4 Nr  1
∴ = 3 x +  ≥ 6
Here, 4 is not possible. Dr  x 
∴ x =1 Nr
Hence, minimum value of is 6.
∴The sum of roots = 1 + 3 = 4 Dr
71. a + b = 2c …(i)
Aliter ab = − 5d …(ii)
Let | x − 2 | = y . c + d = 2a …(iii)
Then, we get y2 + y −2 = 0 cd = − 5b …(iv)
⇒ (y − 1 ) (y + 2 ) = 0 ⇒ y = 1, − 2 From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
But − 2 is not possible. a + b + c + d = 2 (a + c )
Hence, | x − 2| = 1 ⇒ x = 1, 3 ∴ a + c =b +d …(v)
∴ Sum of the roots = 1 + 3 = 4
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get 74. Q (1 + i ) x 2 + (1 − i ) x − 2i = 0
b − d = 3 (c − a ) …(vi) (1 − i ) 2i
⇒ x2 + x− =0
Also, a is a root of x 2 − 2cx − 5d = 0 (1 + i ) (1 + i )
∴ a 2 − 2ac − 5d = 0 …(vii) ⇒ x 2 − ix − (1 + i ) = 0
And c is a root of ∴ α + β = i , and αβ = − (1 + i )
c 2 − 2ac − 5b = 0 …(viii) ∴ α − β = (α + β ) 2 − 4 αβ = i 2 + 4 (1 + i ) = (3 + 4i )
From Eqs. (vii) and (viii), we get
| α − β| = 9 + 16 = 5
a 2 − c 2 − 5 (d − b ) = 0
∴ | α − β| = 5
2
⇒ (a + c ) (a − c ) + 5 (b − d ) = 0
⇒ (a + c ) (a − c ) + 15 (c − a ) = 0 [from Eq. (vi)] 75. Q 4x − 16x + c = 0
2
⇒ (a − c ) (a + c − 15 ) = 0 ⇒ x 2 − 4x +
c
=0
∴ a + c = 15, a − c ≠ 0 4
c
From Eq. (v), we get b + d = 15 Let f (x ) = x 2 − 4x +
4
∴ a + b + c + d = a + c + b + d = 15 + 15 = 30
Then, the following cases arises:
⇒ Sum of digits of a + b + c + d = 3 + 0 = 3
x 2 − 3x + c
72. Q y =
x 2 + 3x + c
⇒ x 2(y − 1 ) + 3 x (y + 1 ) + c (y − 1 ) = 0 2
1 α β 3
Q x ∈R
∴ 9 (y + 1 ) 2 − 4c (y − 1 ) 2 ≥ 0 Case I D>0
⇒ 16 − c > 0
( 2 cy − 2 c ) 2 − (3y + 3 ) 2 ≤ 0
∴ c < 16
⇒ {( 2 c + 3 ) y − (2 c − 3 )} {(2 c − 3 )y − (2 c + 3 )} ≤ 0 Case II f (1 ) > 0
2 c −3 2 c +3 c
or ≤y ≤ ⇒ 1−4+ >0
2 c +3 2 c −3 4
c
2 c +3 ⇒ >3
But given, =7 4
2 c −3 ∴ c > 12
⇒ 2 c + 3 = 14 c − 21 Case III f (2 ) < 0
c
or 12 c = 24 or c =2 ⇒ 4 −8 + < 0
4
∴ c=4 c
⇒ <4
73. We have, x − (x − 1) + (x − 2)2 = 5
2 2 4
∴ c < 16
⇒ | x | − | x − 1| + | x − 2| = 5
Case IV f (3 ) > 0
Case I If x < 0, then c
⇒ 9 − 12 + > 0
− x + (x − 1) − (x − 2) = 5 4
x =1 − 5 c
⇒ >3
4
Case II If 0 ≤ x < 1, then
⇒ c > 12
x + (x − 1) − (x − 2) = 5
⇒ x = 5 − 1, which is not possible. Combining all cases, we get
Case III If 1 ≤ x < 2, then 12 < c < 16
x − (x − 1) − (x − 2) = 5 Thus, integral values of c are 13, 14 and 15.
⇒ x = 3 − 5, which is not possible. Hence, number of integral values of c is 3.
76. We have, r +s +t=0 …(i)
Case IV If x > 2, then
x − (x − 1) + (x − 2) = 5 1001
rs + st + tr = …(ii)
8
⇒ x =1 + 5 2008
and rst = − = − 251 …(iii)
Hence, number of solutions is 2. 8
Now, (r + s ) 3 + (s + t ) 3 + (t + r ) 3 = ( − t ) 3 + ( − r ) 3 + ( − s ) 3 Q a (b − c ) + b (c − a ) + c (a − b ) = 0
[Qr + s + t = 0] ∴ x = 1 is a root of
= − (t 3 + r 3 + s 3 ) = − 3 rst [Qr + s + t = 0] a (b − c ) x 2 + b (c − a ) x + c (a − b ) = 0 …(ii)
= − 3 ( − 251 ) = 753 Given, roots [Eq. (ii)] are equal.
c (a − b )
Now, 99 λ = (r + s ) 3 + (s + t ) 3 + (t + r ) 3 = 753 ∴ 1 ×1 =
a (b − c )
753
∴ λ= = 7.6 ⇒ a (b − c ) = c (a − b )
99
2ac
∴ [λ ] = 7 or b=
a+c
77. A → (r,s); B → (p, q, r,s, t); C → (p, q, t)
∴ a, b and c are in HP. …(iii)
x 2 − 2x + 4
(A) We have, y = From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
x 2 + 2x + 4
a =b =c
⇒ x 2 (y − 1 ) + 2 (y + 1 ) x + 4 (y − 1 ) = 0 ∴ a,b and c are in AP, GP and HP.
As x ∈ R , we get (B)Q x 3 − 3x 2 + 3x − 1 = 0
D≥0 ⇒ (x − 1)3 = 0
⇒ 4 (y + 1 ) 2 − 16 (y − 1 ) 2 ≥ 0
∴ x = 1, 1, 1
⇒ 3y 2 − 10y + 3 ≤ 0 ⇒ Common root, x = 1
⇒ (y − 3 ) (3y − 1 ) ≤ 0 ∴ a (1 ) 2 + b (1 ) + c = 0
1 ⇒ a+b+c=0
⇒ ≤y ≤3
3
(C) Given, bx + ( (a + c ) 2 + 4b 2 ) x + (a + c ) ≥ 0
2
2x 2 + 4x + 1
(B) We have, y = 2 ∴ D≤0
x + 4x + 2
⇒ (a + c ) 2 + 4b 2 − 4b (a + c ) ≤ 0
⇒ x 2(y − 2 ) + 4(y − 1 ) x + 2y − 1 = 0
⇒ (a + c − 2b ) 2 ≤ 0
As x ∈ R , we get
D≥0 or (a + c − 2b ) 2 = 0
⇒ 16 (y − 1 ) 2 − 4 (y − 2 ) (2y − 1 ) ≥ 0 ∴ a + c = 2b
Hence a, b and c are in AP.
⇒ 4 (y − 1 ) − (y − 2 ) (2y − 1 ) ≥ 0
2
79. A → (q,r,s,t); B → (q,r); C → (p,q)
⇒ 2y 2 − 3y + 2 ≥ 0
ax 2 + 3 x − 4
3 (A) We have, y =
⇒ y2 − y + 1 ≥ 0 3x − 4x 2 + a
2
2 ⇒ x 2 (a + 4y ) + 3 (1 − y ) x − (ay + 4 ) = 0
 3 7
⇒ y −  + ≥0
 4 16 As x ∈R , we get
∴ y ∈R D≥0
x − 3x + 4
2 ⇒ 9 (1 − y ) 2 + 4 (a + 4y ) (ay + 4 ) ≥ 0
(C) We have, y =
x −3 ⇒ ( 9 + 16a ) y 2 + ( 4a 2 + 46 )y + (9 + 16a ) ≥ 0, ∀ y ∈ R
⇒ x 2 − (3 + y ) x + 3y + 4 = 0 ⇒ If 9 + 16a > 0, then D ≤ 0
As x ∈ R , we get Now, D≤0
D ≥ 0 ⇒ (3 + y ) 2 − 4 (3y + 4 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ ( 4a 2 + 46 ) 2 − 4 ( 9 + 16a ) 2 ≤ 0
⇒ y 2 − 6y − 7 ≥ 0 ⇒ (y + 1 ) (y − 7 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ 4 [( 2a 2 + 23 ) 2 − ( 9 + 16a ) 2 ] ≤ 0
⇒ y ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ] ∪ [7, ∞ ) ⇒ [(2 a 2 + 23 ) + ( 9 + 16a )] [( 2a 2 + 23 ) − ( 9 + 16a )] ≤ 0

78. A → (q,r,s); B → (p); C → (q) ⇒ ( 2a 2 + 16a + 32 ) ( 2a 2 − 16a + 14 ) ≤ 0
(A)Q(d + a − b ) 2 + (d + b − c ) 2 = 0 ⇒ 4 (a + 4 ) 2 (a 2 − 8a + 7 ) ≤ 0
which is possible only when ⇒ a 2 − 8a + 7 ≤ 0
d + a − b = 0, d + b − c = 0 ⇒ (a − 1 ) (a − 7 ) ≤ 0
⇒ b −a =c −b ⇒ 1 ≤a ≤7
⇒ 2b = a + c ∴ 9 + 16a > 0 and 1 ≤ a ≤ 7
∴ a, b and c are in AP. …(i) ⇒ 1 ≤a ≤7
ax 2 + x − 2 f (1 ) > 0
(B) We have, y =
a + x − 2x 2 ⇒ 1 −6 + 9 + λ > 0
⇒ x 2 (a + 2y ) + x (1 − y ) − (2 + ay ) = 0 ⇒ λ>−4 …(ii)
and f (3 ) < 0
As x ∈R , we get
⇒ 27 − 54 + 27 + λ < 0
D≥0
⇒ λ<0 …(iii)
⇒ ( 1 − y ) 2 + 4 ( 2 + ay ) (a + 2y ) ≥ 0
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
⇒ ( 1 + 8a ) y 2 + ( 4a 2 + 14 ) y + (1 + 8a ) ≥ 0 −4<λ<0
⇒ If 1 + 8a > 0, then D ≤ 0 ⇒ −3 < λ + 1 < 1
⇒ ( 4a 2 + 14 ) 2 − 4 (1 + 8a ) 2 ≤ 0 ∴ [ λ + 1 ] = − 3, − 2, − 1, 0
⇒ 4 [(2a 2 + 7 ) 2 − (1 + 8a ) 2 ] ≤ 0 ∴ |[ λ + 1 ]| = 3, 2, 1, 0
(B)Q x 2 + x + 1 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ [(2a 2 + 7 ) + (1 + 8a )] [(2a 2 + 7 ) − (1 + 8a )] ≤ 0
x 2 − λx − 2
⇒ (2a 2 + 8a + 8 ) (2a 2 − 8a + 6 ) ≤ 0 Given, −3 < <2
x2 + x + 1
⇒ 4 (a + 2 ) 2 (a 2 − 4a + 3 ) ≤ 0
⇒ − 3 x 2 − 3 x − 3 < x 2 − λx − 2 < 2 x 2 + 2 x + 2
⇒ a 2 − 4a + 3 ≤ 0
⇒ 4x 2 − (λ − 3) x + 1 > 0
⇒ (a − 1 ) (a − 3 ) ≤ 0
⇒ 1 ≤a ≤3 and x 2 + (λ + 2)x + 4 > 0
Thus, 1 + 8a > 0 and 1 ≤ a ≤ 3 ∴ (λ − 3)2 − 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 1 < 0
⇒ 1 ≤a ≤3 and (λ + 2)2 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 4 < 0
x 2 + 2x + a
(C) We have, y = 2 ⇒ (λ − 3)2 − 42 < 0
x + 4 x + 3a
and (λ + 2)2 − 42 < 0
⇒ x 2(y − 1 ) + 2 (2y − 1 ) x + a (3y − 1 ) = 0
⇒ − 4 < λ −3 < 4
As x ∈ R , we get and −4<λ+2<4
D≥0 or − 1 < λ <7
⇒ 4 (2y − 1 ) 2 − 4 (y − 1 ) a (3y − 1 ) ≥ 0 and −6 < λ <2
⇒ ( 4 − 3a ) y 2 − ( 4 − 4a )y + (1 − a ) ≥ 0 We get, −1 < λ <2
⇒ If 4 − 3a > 0, then D ≤ 0 ∴ [ λ ] = − 1, 0, 1
⇒ ( 4 − 4a ) 2 − 4 ( 4 − 3a ) (1 − a ) ≤ 0 ⇒ |[ λ ]| = 0, 1
⇒ 4 (2 − 2a ) 2 − 4 ( 4 − 3a ) (1 − a ) ≤ 0 (C)Q (b − c ) + (c − a ) + (a − b ) = 0
∴ x = 1 is a root of
⇒ 4 + 4a − 8a − ( 4 − 7a + 3a ) ≤ 0
2 2
(b − c ) x 2 + (c − a ) x + (a − b ) = 0
⇒ a2 − a ≤ 0
Also, x = 1 satisfies
⇒ a (a − 1 ) ≤ 0 x2 + λ x + 1 = 0
⇒ 0 ≤a ≤1
⇒ 1+λ+1=0
80. A → (p,q,r,s);B → (p,q); C → (s) ∴ λ = −2
(A) Let y = f ( x ) = x 3 − 6 x 2 + 9 x + λ Now, λ −1 = −3
[ λ − 1] = − 3
f ′ ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 12 x + 9 = 0
⇒ |[ λ − 1 ]| = 3
∴ x = 1, 3 81. If quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is satisfied by more than
f ′′ ( x ) = 6 x − 12 two values of x, then it must be an identity.
f ′′(1 ) < 0 and f ′′ (3 ) > 0 Therefore, a = b = c = 0
∴ Statement-2 is true.
But in Statement-1,
4 p − 3 = 4q − 3 = r = 0
3
0 3 Then, p =q = ,r = 0
1 4
λ
which is false.
Since, at one value of p or q or r, all coefficients at a time ≠ 0.
Also, f (0) < 0 ⇒ λ < 0 …(i) ∴ Statement-1 is false.
82. We have, x 2 + (2m + 1 ) x + (2n + 1 ) = 0 …(i)  4 4 
and z ∈ 2− ,2 +
 3 
m, n ∈ I 3
∴ D = b 2 − 4ac Since, Eqs. (i) and (ii) remains same, if x, y , z interchange their
positions.
= ( 2m + 1 ) 2 − 4 ( 2n + 1 )
Hence, both statements are true and Statement-2 is a correct
is never be a perfect square. explanation of Statement-1.
Therefore, the roots of Eq. (i) can never be integers. Hence, the 86. Let y = ax 3 + bx + c
roots of Eq. (i) cannot have any rational root as a = 1, b, c ∈ I .
dy
Hence, both statements are true and Statements –2 is a correct ∴ = 3ax 2 + b
explanation of Statement-1. dx
dy
83. Let α be one root of equation ax 2 + 3x + 5 = 0. Therefore, For maximum or minimum = 0, we get
dx
1 5
α⋅ = b
α a x=± −
3a
5
⇒ 1= dy
a Case I If a > 0, b > 0, then >0
dx
⇒ a =5
In this case, function is increasing, so it has exactly one root
Hence, both the statements are true and Statement-2 is the
dy
correct explanation of Statement-1. Case II If a < 0, b < 0, then <0
dx
84. Let roots of Ax 3 + Bx 2 + Cx + D = 0 …(i)
In this case, function is decreasing, so it has exactly one root.
are α − β, α , α + β (in AP).
Case III a > 0, b < 0 or a < 0, b > 0, then y = ax 3 + bx + c is
B
Then, (α − β) + α + (α + β) = − maximum at one point and minimum at other point.
A
B Hence, all roots can never be non-negative.
⇒ α=− , which is a root of Eq. (i). ∴Statement-1 is false. But
3A
Then, Aα 3 + Bα 2 + Cα + D = 0 Coefficient of x 2
Sum of roots = − =0
3 2 Coefficient of x 3
 B  B  B
⇒ A −  + B −  + C −  +D=0 i.e., Statement-2 is true.
 3A   3A   3A 
87. Statement-2 is obviously true.
B3 B3 BC y = ax 2 + bx + c
⇒ − 2
+ − +D=0 But
27 A 9A 2 3A
 b c
⇒ 2 B 3 − 9 ABC + 27 A 2D = 0 y = a x2 + x + 
 a a
Now, comparing with 2 B 3 + k1ABC + k2 A 2D = 0, we get  b
2
D 
= a  x +  − 2  [where, D = b 2 − 4ac]
k1 = − 9, k2 = 27  2a  4a 

∴ k2 − k1 = 27 − ( − 9 ) = 36 = 6 2 2
 b 1  D
Hence, both statements are true and Statement-2 is a correct ⇒  x +  = y + 
 2a  a  4a 
explanation of Statement-1.
b D
85. Q x, y , z ∈ R Let x+ = X and y + = Y.
2a 4a
x + y + z =6 …(i) 1
and xy + yz + zx = 8 …(ii) ∴ X2 = Y
a
⇒ xy + ( x + y ) {6 − ( x + y )} = 8 [from Eq. (i)] b
⇒ xy + 6 x + 6y − ( x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 ) = 8 Equation of axis, X = 0 i.e. x + =0
2a
or y 2 + (x − 6) y + x 2 − 6x + 8 = 0 or 2ax + b = 0
∴ ( x − 6 ) 2 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ( x 2 − 6 x + 8 ) ≥ 0, ∀ y ∈ R Hence, y = ax + bx + c is symmetric about the line
2
2ax + b = 0.
⇒ − 3 x 2 + 12 x + 4 ≥ 0 or 3 x 2 − 12 x − 4 ≤ 0
∴ Both statements are true and Statement-2 is a correct
4 4
or 2− ≤ x ≤2 + explanation of Statement-1.
3 3
88. Q(1 + m ) x 2 − 2 (1 + 3m ) x + (1 + 8m ) = 0
 4 4 
or x∈ 2− ,2 + ∴ D = 4 (1 + 3m ) 2 − 4 (1 + m ) (1 + 8m ) = 4m (m − 3 )
 3 3 
(i) Both roots are imaginary.
 4 4 
Similarly, y ∈ 2− ,2 + ∴ D<0
 3 3 
⇒ 4m (m − 3 ) < 0
⇒ 0 <m <3 Combining all cases, we get
or m ∈( 0, 3 )  1
m ∈  − 1, − 
(ii) Both roots are equal.  8
∴ D=0 (vii) Roots are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, then
⇒ 4m (m − 3 ) = 0 Consider the following cases:
⇒ m = 0, 3 Case I Sum of the roots = 0
(iii) Both roots are real and distinct. 2 (1 + 3m )
⇒ =0
∴ D>0 (1 + m )
⇒ 4m (m − 3 ) > 0 1
⇒ m = − ,m ≠1
⇒ m < 0 or m > 3 3
∴ m ∈ ( − ∞, 0 ) ∪ (3, ∞ ) Case II D > 0 ⇒ 4m(m − 3 ) > 0
(iv) Both roots are positive. ⇒ m ∈ ( − ∞, 0 ) ∪ ( 3, ∞ )
Case I Sum of the roots > 0 Combining all cases, we get
2 (1 + 3m ) 1
⇒ >0 m=−
(1 + m ) 3
 1  (viii) Atleast one root is positive, then either one root is positive
⇒ m ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪  − , ∞ or both roots are positive.
 3 
i.e. (d ) ∪ ( f )
Case II Product of the roots > 0
(1 + 8m )  1
or m ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪  − 1, −  ∪ [3, ∞ )
⇒ >0  8
(1 + m )
(ix) Atleast one root is negative, then either one root is
 1 
m ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪  − , ∞ negative or both roots are negative.
 8 
 1
D≥0 i.e. (e ) ∪ ( f ) or m ∈  − 1, − 
Case III  8
⇒ 4m (m − 3 ) ≥ 0
(x) Let roots are 2α are 3α. Then,
m ∈ ( − ∞, 0 ] ∪ [ 3, ∞ )
Consider the following cases:
Combining all Cases, we get 2 (1 + 3m )
m ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪ [ 3, ∞ ) Case I Sum of the roots = 2 α + 3 α =
(1 + m )
(v) Both roots are negative.
2 (1 + 3m )
Consider the following cases: ⇒ α=
5 (1 + m )
2 (1 + 3m )
Case I Sum of the roots < 0 ⇒ <0 (1 + 8m )
(1 + m ) Case II Product of the roots = 2 α ⋅ 3 α =
(1 + m )
 1
(1 + 8m )
⇒ m ∈  − 1, − 
 3 ⇒ 6α 2 =
(1 + m )
(1 + 8m )
Case II Product of the roots > 0 ⇒ >0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(1 + m ) 2
 1  2 (1 + 3m )  (1 + 8m )
⇒ m ∈ ( − ∞, 1 ) ∪  − , ∞ 6  =
 8   5 (1 + m )  (1 + m )
Case III D ≥ 0 ⇒ 24 (1 + 3m ) 2 = 25 (1 + 8m ) (1 + m )
4m (m − 3 ) ≥ 0 ⇒ m ∈ ( − ∞, 0 ] ∪ [3, ∞ ) ⇒ 24 ( 9m 2 + 6m + 1 ) = 25 ( 8m 2 + 9m + 1 )
16m 2 − 81m − 1 = 0
m ∈φ
(vi) Roots are opposite in sign, then 81 ± ( − 81 ) 2 + 64
or m=
Case I Consider the following cases: 32
Product of the roots < 0 81 ± 6625
⇒ m=
(1 + 8m ) 32
⇒ <0
(1 + m ) 89. Q2x 2 − 2 (2m + 1) x + m (m + 1) = 0 [Q m ∈ R ]
 1 ∴ D = [ − 2 (2m + 1 )] − 8m (m + 1 )
2
[ D = b 2 − 4ac ]
m ∈  − 1, − 
 8
= 4 {(2m + 1 ) 2 − 2m (m + 1 )}
Case II D > 0 ⇒ 4m (m − 3 ) > 0
⇒ m ∈ ( − ∞, 0 ) ∪ (3, ∞ ) = 4 (2m 2 + 2m + 1 )
 1  1
2
1 Combining all cases, we get
= 8  m 2 + m +  = 8  m +  +  > 0
 2  2  4  7 + 33 
 m ∈ , ∞
 2 
or D > 0, ∀ m ∈ R …(i)
(iii) Both roots lie in the interval (2, 3).
b 2 (2m + 1 )  1
x -coordinate of vertex = − = = m +  …(ii) Consider the following cases:
2a 4  2
and let
1
f ( x ) = x 2 − (2m + 1 ) x + m (m + 1 ) …(iii)
2 f(2) f(3)
(i) Both roots are smaller than 2.
X
2 α β 3
Case I D ≥ 0
∴ m ∈R [from Eq. (i)]
X Case II f (2 ) > 0
α β 2  7 − 33   7 + 33 
∴ m ∈  − ∞,  ∪ , ∞ [from part (a)]
Consider the following cases:  2   2 
Case I D ≥ 0 Case III f (3 ) > 0
∴ m ∈R [from Eq. (i)] 1
Case II x -coordinate of vertex < 2. ⇒ 9 − 3 (2m + 1 ) + m (m + 1 ) > 0
2
1
⇒ m + <2 [from Eq. (ii)] or m 2 − 11m + 12 > 0
2
 11 − 73   11 + 73 
or m<
3 ∴ m ∈  − ∞,  ∪ , ∞
2  2   2 
Case III f (2 ) > 0 Case IV 2 < x -coordinate of vertex < 3
1 1
⇒ 4 − (2m + 1 ) 2 + m (m + 1 ) > 0 ⇒ 2 <m + <3
2 2
⇒ m 2 − 7m + 4 > 0 3 5  3 5
or < m < or m ∈  , 
2 2  2 2
 7 − 33   7 + 33 
∴ m ∈  − ∞,  ∪ , ∞ Combining all cases, we get
 2   2 
m ∈φ
Combining all cases, we get (iv) Exactly one root lie in the interval (2,3) .
 7 − 33  Consider the following cases:
m ∈  − ∞, 
 2  Case I D > 0
(ii) Both roots are greater than 2.
3
f(2) X
2 α β
X
2 α β
Case II f (2 ) f (3 ) < 0
Case I D ≥ 0  1 
 4 − 2 ( 2m + 1 ) + m ( m + 1 )
∴ m ∈R [from Eq. (i)]  2 
Case II x -coordinate of vertex > 2  1 
9 − 3 ( 2m + 1 ) + m ( m + 1 ) < 0
⇒
1
m + >2 [from Eq. (ii)]  2 
2
⇒ ( m 2 − 7m + 4 ) ( m 2 − 11m + 12 ) < 0
3
∴ m>  7 − 33   7 + 33 
2 ⇒ m −  m − 
Case III f (2 ) > 0  2   2 
 7 − 33   33   11 − 73   11 + 73 
m ∈  − ∞,  ∪ 7 + , ∞ [from part (a)] m −  m −  <0
 2   2   2   2 
7 + √33  11 − 73 11 + 73 
∴ m ∈ , 
+ + 2 +  2 2 
7 – √33 – 7 – √73 – 11 + √73
2 2 2
 7 − 33 7 + 33 
m ∈ , 
 7 − 33 11 − 73   7 + 33 11 + 73   2 2 
∴ m ∈ ,  ∪ , 
 2 2   2 2  (vii) Atleast one root lies in the interval (2, 3).
Combining all cases, we get i.e. (d ) ∪ (c )
 7 − 33 11 − 73   7 + 33 11 + 73   7 − 33 11 − 73   7 + 33 11 + 73 
m ∈ ,  ∪ ,  ∴ m ∈ ,  ∪ , 
 2 2   2 2   2 2   2 2 
(v) One root is smaller than 1 and the other root is greater (viii) Atleast one root is greater than 2.
than 1.
i.e. (Exactly one root is greater than 2) ∪ (Both roots are
Consider the following cases: greater than 2)
1 X 2
α β X
α β
Case I D > 0
∴ m ∈R [from Eq. (i)] or(Exactly one root is greater than 2) ∪ (b ) …(I)
Case II f (1 ) < 0 Consider the following cases:
1 Case I D > 0
⇒ 1 − (2m + 1 ) + m (m + 1 ) < 0 [from Eq. (iii)]
2 ∴ m ∈R [from Eq. (i)]
⇒ m 2 − 3m < 0 Case II f (2 ) < 0
⇒ m (m − 3 ) < 0 ⇒ m 2 − 7m + 4 < 0
∴ m ∈( 0, 3 )
 7 − 33 7 + 33 
Combining both cases, we get ∴ m ∈ , 
m ∈( 0, 3 )  2 2 
(vi) One root is greater than 3 and the other root is smaller Combining both cases, we get
than 2.  7 − 33 7 + 33 
Consider the following cases: m ∈ ,  …(II)
 2 2 
Finally from Eqs. (I) and (II), we get
 7 − 33 7 + 33   7 + 33 
m ∈ ,  ∪ , ∞
 2 2   2 
2 3 X
α β (ix) Atleast one root is smaller than 2.
i.e. (Exactly one root is smaller than 2) ∪(Both roots are
smaller than 2)
Case I D > 0
or (h) (II) ∪ (a)
 7 − 33   7 − 33 7 + 33 
Case II f (2 ) < 0 We get, m ∈  − ∞,  ∪ , 
⇒ m 2 − 7m + 4 < 0  2   2 2 
7 − 33 7 + 33 (x) Both 2 and 3 lie between α and β.

∴ <m < Consider the following cases:
2 2
 7 − 33 7 + 33  Case I D > 0
∴ m ∈ ,  ∴ m ∈R [from Eq. (i)]
 2 2 
Case III f (3 ) < 0
⇒ m 2 − 11m + 12 < 0
11 − 73 11 + 73 2 3
∴ <m < α β
X
2 2
Case II f (2 ) < 0 1
cn + 1
⇒ m − 7m + 4 < 0
2 ⇒ α= 
a
 7 − 33 7 + 33  ∴ From Eq. (i), we get
∴ m ∈ , 
 2 2  1 n
cn + 1 cn + 1 b
Case III f (3 ) < 0   +  =−
a a a
⇒ m 2 − 11m + 12 < 0
1 1 1 n
− +1 − +1
 11 − 73 11 + 73  ⇒ (c )n + 1 ⋅ a n+1
+ (c n )n + 1 ⋅ a n+1
+b=0
∴ m ∈ , 
 2 2  1 n 1 1
Combining all cases, we get ⇒ c n + 1 ⋅ a n + 1 + (cn )n + 1 ⋅ a n + 1 + b = 0

 11 − 73 7 + 33  1 1
m ∈ , 
 2 2  ⇒ (anc )n + 1 + (c na )n + 1 + b = 0
α 93. We have, α+β=−
b
90. Q =r
β a
c m n
α+β r +1 αβ = ⇒ γ+δ=− and γδ =
⇒ = a l l
α −β r −1
Now, sum of the roots
[using componendo and dividendo method]
= (αγ + βδ ) + (αδ + βγ ) = (α + β ) γ + (α + β ) δ
− b /a r + 1
⇒ = ⇒ b (1 − r ) = (1 + r ) D = (α + β ) ( γ + δ )
D r −1
 b   m  mb
a = −  −  =
 a  l  al
On squaring both sides, we get
and product of the roots
⇒ b 2(1 − r ) 2 = (1 + r ) 2 (b 2 − 4ac ) = (αγ + βδ ) (αδ + βγ )
(1 + r ) 2 b 2 = (α 2 + β 2 ) γδ + αβ ( γ 2 + δ 2 )
or (1 + r ) 2 ⋅ 4ac = b 2( 4r ) or =
r ac = {(α + β ) 2 − 2αβ } γδ + αβ {( γ + δ ) 2 − 2 γδ }
1 1 1
91. We have, + =  b  2 2c  n c  m  2 2n 
x+p x+q r =  −  −  +  −  − 
  a  l a  l 
(x + q ) + (x + p ) 1  a l 
⇒ =
x 2 + ( p + q ) x + pq r b − 2ac  n c m − 2nl  (b 2 − 2ac ) ln + ( m 2 − 2nl ) ac
2 2
= 2  +  2 =
⇒ x 2 + ( p + q − 2r ) x + pq − ( p + q ) r = 0  a l a  l  a 2l 2
Now, since the roots are equal in magnitudes, but opposite in ∴ Required equation is
sign. Therefore,  mb  (b 2 − 2ac ) ln + (m 2 − 2nl ) ac
Sum of the roots = 0 x2 −   x + =0
 al  a 2l 2
⇒ p + q − 2r = 0
⇒ a 2l 2x 2 − mbalx + (b 2 − 2ac ) ln + (m 2 − 2nl ) ac = 0
⇒ p + q = 2r …(i)
and product of the roots = pq − ( p + q ) r 94. Since, the roots are equal.
∴ D=0
 p + q
= pq − ( p + q )   [from Eq. (i)] ⇒ 4 (b 2 − ac ) 2 − 4 (a 2 − bc ) (c 2 − ab ) = 0
 2 
⇒ (b 2 − ac ) 2 − (a 2 − bc ) (c 2 − ab ) = 0
2 pq − p 2 − q 2 − 2 pq
= ⇒ b (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc ) = 0
2
p2 + q2 ⇒ b = 0 or a 3 + b 3 + c 3 − 3abc = 0
=−
2 95. Let α and β be the roots of x 2 − px + q = 0. Then,
92. Let α be one root of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0. α+β=p …(i)
Then, other root be α . n αβ = q …(ii)
b 1
∴ α + αn = − …(i) And α and be the roots of x 2 − ax + b = 0. Then,
a β
c 1
and α ⋅ αn = α + =a …(iii)
a β
⇒ αn + 1 =
c α
=b ... (iv)
a β
Now, LHS = (q − b ) 2 ∴ λ = 10,
1
2 10
 α
= αβ −  [from Eqs. (ii) and (iv)] ⇒ (2 + 3 ) x
2
− 2x
= 10, 10 − 1
 β
2 2 ⇒ x 2 − 2 x = log 2 + 10, − log 2 + 10
21   1  3 3
= α β −  = α 2 (α + β ) − α +  
 β   β  ⇒ ( x − 1 ) 2 = 1 + log 2 + 3
10, 1 − log 2 + 3
10
= α ( p − a ) [from Eqs. (i) and (iii)]
2 2
∴ ( x − 1 ) = 1 + log 2 +
2
10
3
α
= αβ ⋅ ( p − a ) 2 [Q ( x − 1 ) 2 ≠ 1 − log 2 + 10 ]
β 3
= bq ( p − a ) 2 [from Eqs. (ii) and (iv)] ⇒ x = 1 ± (1 + log 2 + 3

10 )
= RHS ⇒ x 1 = 1 + (1 + log 2 + 3
10 )
96. Since, roots of x 2 − 2px + q = 0 are equal.
x 2 = 1 − (1 + log 2 + 3
10 )
∴ D=0
2
i.e., ( −2 p ) 2 − 4q = 0 or p 2 = q …(i)  x 
99. We have, x2+   =8
Now, (1 + y ) x 2 − 2 ( p + y ) x + (q + y ) = 0  x − 1
2
∴ Discriminant = 4 ( p + y ) 2 − 4 (1 + y ) (q + y )  x  x
⇒ x +  − 2⋅ x ⋅ =8
= 4 ( p 2 + 2 py + y 2 − q − y − qy − y 2 )  x − 1 (x − 1)
2
= 4 [(2 p − q − 1 ) y + p 2 − q ]  x2   x2 
⇒   −2   −8 = 0 …(i)
= 4 [(2 p − p 2 − 1 ) y + 0 ] [from Eq. (i)]  x − 1  x − 1
= − 4 ( p − 1 ) 2y x2
Let y = . Then, Eq. (i) reduces to
>0 [Qy < 0 and p ≠ 1] x −1
Hence, roots of (1 + y ) x 2 − 2 ( p + y ) x + (q + y ) = 0 are real y 2 − 2y − 8 = 0
and distinct. ⇒ (y − 4 ) (y + 2 ) = 0
2
97. x log x ( x + 3) = 16 …(i) ∴ y = 4, − 2
Equation is defined, when x2
If y = 4, then 4=
x > 0, x ≠ 1, x ≠ − 3, x −1
Then, (x + 3)2 = 42 [by property] or x 2 − 4x + 4 = 0
⇒ x+3=±4
or (x − 2)2 = 0
∴ x = 1 and x = − 7
But x ≠ 1, x ≠ − 7 or x =2
i.e. no solution. ∴ x1 = 2
∴ x ∈φ x2
and if y = − 2, then −2 =
98. Q (2 + 3 ) x
2
− 2x + 1
+ (2 − 3 ) x
2
− 2x − 1
=
101 x −1
10 (2 − 3 ) or x 2 + 2x − 2 = 0
x2 − 2x
⇒ (2 + 3 ) ⋅ (2 + 3 ) (2 − 3 ) − 2 ± (4 + 8)
101 ∴ x=
x2 − 2x − 1 2
+ (2 − 3 ) ⋅ (2 − 3 ) =
10 ⇒ x = −1 ± 3
x2 − 2x x2 − 2x 101
⇒ (2 + 3 ) + (2 − 3 ) = ∴ x 2 = − 1 + 3, x 3 = − 1 − 3
10
or (2 + 3 ) x2 − 2x
+
1
=
101
…(i) 100. We have, x + 8 + 2 ( x + 7 ) + ( x + 1 ) − ( x + 7 ) = 4 …(i)
2
(2 + 3 ) x − 2 x 10
Let (x + 7) = λ …(ii)
 1 
Q 2 − 3 = 2 + 3  or x = λ2 − 7
  Then, Eq. (i) reduces to
2
− 2x
Let (2 + 3 ) x = λ, then Eq. (i) reduces to
( λ2 − 7 + 8 + 2 λ ) + ( λ2 − 7 + 1 − λ ) = 4
1 101
λ+ = ⇒ ( λ + 1 ) + ( λ2 − λ − 6 ) = 4
λ 10
⇒ 10 λ2 − 101 λ + 10 = 0 or ( λ2 − λ − 6 ) = 3 − λ
or ( λ − 10 ) (10 λ − 1 ) = 0
On squaring both sides, we get Case I If 0 < x 2 + 2 x − 3 < 1
λ2 − λ − 6 = 9 + λ2 − 6 λ ⇒ 4 < x 2 + 2x + 1 < 5
⇒ 5 λ = 15 ⇒ 4 < (x + 1)2 < 5
∴ λ =3
⇒ − 5 < ( x + 1 ) < − 2 or 2 < x + 1 < 5
⇒ (x + 7) = 3 [from Eq. (ii)]
⇒ − 5 − 1 < x < − 3 or 1 < x < 5 − 1
or x + 7 =9
∴ x =2 ∴ x ∈ ( − 5 − 1, − 3 ) ∪ (1, 5 − 1 ) …(ii)
and x = 2 satisfies Eq. (i). | x + 4| − | x |
Then, <1
Hence, x 1 = 2 (x − 1)
2 2
4 x + 2 (2a + 1 ) 2 x + 4a 2 − 3 > 0 − (x + 4) + x
101. We have, …(i) Now, x < − 4, then <1
(x − 1)
x2
Putting t = 2 in the Eq. (i), we get
4
⇒ 1+ >0
t 2 + 2 (2a + 1 ) t + 4a 2 − 3 > 0 x −1
Let f (t ) = t 2 + 2 (2a + 1 ) t + 4a 2 − 3
2
[Q t > 0,∴2 x > 0] (x + 3)
⇒ >0
Q f (t ) > 0 (x − 1)
∴ x ∈ ( − ∞, − 3 ) ∪ (1, ∞ )
⇒ x ∈ ( − ∞, − 4 ) [Q x < − 4] …(iii)
x+4+x
− 4 ≤ x < 0, then −1 < 0
(x − 1)
(x + 5)
⇒ <0
T-axis (x − 1)
Consider the following cases: ∴ x ∈ ( − 5, 1 )
Case I Sum of the roots > 0 ⇒ x ∈ [ − 4, 0 ) [Q − 4 ≤ x < 0] …(iv)
( 2a + 1 ) (x + 4) − x
−2 >0 and x ≥ 0, then <1
1 (x − 1)
 1 ⇒ 1−
4
>0
∴ a ∈  − ∞, − 
 2 x −1
Case II Product of the roots > 0 (x − 5)
⇒ >0
4a 2 − 3 (x − 1)
⇒ >0
1 ∴ x ∈ ( − ∞, 1 ) ∪ ( 5, ∞ )
3 ⇒ x ∈ [ 0, 1 ) ∪ ( 5, ∞ ) [Q x ≥ 0] …(v)
or a2 >
4 From Eqs. (iii), (iv) and (v), we get
 3  3  x ∈ ( − ∞, 1 ) ∪ ( 5, ∞ ) …(vi)
or a ∈  − ∞, −  ∪  , ∞
 2   2  Now, common values in Eqs. (ii) and (iv) is
x ∈ ( − 5 − 1, − 3 ) …(vii)
Case III D<0
⇒ 4 ( 2a + 1 ) 2 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ( 4a 2 − 3 ) < 0 Case II If x 2 + 2x − 3 > 1
⇒ 4a + 4 < 0 ⇒ x 2 + 2x + 1 > 5 ⇒ (x + 1)2 > 5
∴ a < −1 ⇒ x+1<− 5
or a ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) or x+1> 5
∴ x ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 − 5 ) ∪ ( 5 − 1, ∞ ) …(viii)
 3 
a ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪  , ∞ | x + 4| − | x |
 2  Then, >1
(x − 1)
 | x + 4| − | x | −4
102. We have, log x 2 + 2 x − 3   >0 Now, x < − 4, then >1
 x −1  x −1
The given inequation is valid for 4
| x + 4| − | x | ⇒ 1+ <0
>0 x −1
(x − 1) x+3
⇒ <0
and x 2 + 2 x − 3 > 0, ≠ 1 …(i) x −1
Now, consider the following cases: ∴ x ∈ ( − 3, 1 )
which is false. [Qx < − 4] ⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0
2x + 4 ∴ x =1
− 4 ≤ x < 0, then −1 > 0
(x − 1) 1± 5
∴ x=
(x + 5) 2
⇒ >0
(x − 1) 1± 5
∴ x= fail
∴ x ∈ ( − ∞, − 5 ) ∪ (1, ∞ ) 2
which is false. [Q− 4 ≤ x < 0 ] 1− 5
⇒ x= [Q x < 0]
4 2
and x ≥ 0, then >1
x −1 1− 5 1− 5
⇒ x= , 1, then y = ,0
4 2 2
⇒ 1− <0 1 − 5 1 − 5
x −1 ∴ Solutions are  ,  and (1, 0).
x −5  2 2 
⇒ <0
x −1 1 − 5 1 − 5
Hence, all pairs ( 0, 1 ), (1, 0 ) and  ,  are solutions
∴ x ∈(1, 5 ) …(ix)  2 2 
which is false. [Qx ≥ 0] of the original system of equations.
Now, common values in Eq. (viii) and (ix) is 104. Given, α , β and γ are the roots of the cubic equation
∴ x ∈ ( 5 − 1, 5 ) …(x) x 3 − px 2 + qx − r = 0 …(i)
Combining Eqs. (viii) and (x), we get ∴ α + β + γ = p, αβ + βγ + γα = q , αβγ = r
x ∈ ( − 5 − 1, − 3 ) ∪ ( 5 − 1, 5 ) 1
(i) Let y = βγ +
103. Let y ≥ 0, then | y | = y α
αβγ + 1 r + 1
and then given system reduces to ⇒ y = =
α α
| x 2 − 2x | + y = 1 …(i) r +1
∴ α=
and x + y =1
2
…(ii) y
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get From Eq. (i), we get
x 2 = | x 2 − 2x | α 3 − pα 2 + qα − r = 0
⇒ x 2 = | x | | x − 2| (r + 1 ) 3 p (r + 1 ) 2 q (r + 1 )
⇒ − + −r = 0
y3 y2 y
Now, x < 0, 0 ≤ x < 2, x ≥ 2
x 2 = x ( x − 2 ), x 2 = − x ( x − 2 ) or ry 3 − q(r + 1 )y 2 + p (r + 1 ) 2y − (r + 1 ) 3 = 0
x 2 = x (x − 2) (ii) Let y = β + γ − α = (α + β + γ ) − 2α = p − 2α
p −y
∴ x=0 ∴ α=
2
⇒ x (x + x − 2) = 0
From Eq. (i), we get
∴ x=0 α 3 − pα 2 + qα − r = 0
fail ∴ x = 0, 1 fail
(p − y ) 3 p (p − y )2 q (p − y )
⇒ x = 0, 1, then y = 1, 0 ⇒ − + −r = 0
∴Solutions are (0, 1) and (1, 0). 8 4 2
If y < 0 then | y | = − y and then given system reduces to or y 3 − py 2 + ( 4q − p 2 )y + ( 8r − 4 pq + p 3 ) = 0
| x 2 − 2x | + y = 1 …(iii) Also product of roots = − (8r − 4 pq + p 3 )
and x2 − y = 1 …(iv) 105. Assume α + iβ is a complex root of the given equation, then
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get conjugate of this root, i.e. α − iβ is also root of this equation.
| x 2 − 2x | + x 2 = 2 On putting x = α + iβ and x = α − iβ in the given equation, we
get
⇒ | x | | x − 2| + x 2 = 2
2
A12 A22 A3 An2
Now, x < 0, 0 ≤ x < 2, x ≥ 2 + + +… +
α + iβ − a1 α + iβ − a 2 α + iβ − a 3 α + iβ − an
x (x − 2) + x 2 = 2
− x (x − 2) + x 2 = 2 = ab 2 + c 2(α + iβ ) + ac …(i)
x (x −2 ) + x = 2
2
A12 A22 A32 An2
and + + +… +
⇒ 2x 2 − 2x − 2 = 0 ⇒ 2x = 2 α − iβ − a1 α − iβ − a 2 α − iβ − a 3 α − iβ − an
⇒ x2 − x − 1 = 0 = ab + c (α − iβ ) + ac
2 2
…(ii)
On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get ∴ (a + (a 2 + 1 ) ) 2 − 4 > 0
 A12 A22 A32
2iβ  + + ⇒ (a + (a 2 + 1 ) + 2 ) (a + (a 2 + 1 ) − 2 ) > 0
( α − a1 ) + β (α − a2 ) + β (α − a 3 )2 + β2
2 2 2 2
a + (a 2 + 1 ) + 2 > 0

Q
An2
+…+ + c2 = 0
(α − an ) + β
2 2
 ∴ a + (a 2 + 1 ) − 2 > 0
The expression in bracket ≠ 0 ⇒ (a 2 + 1 ) > 2 − a
∴ 2iβ = 0 ⇒ β = 0
a ≥ 2
Hence, all roots of the given equation are real. 
or a + 1 > (2 − a ) , if a < 2
2 2
106. Given equation is
x 4 + 2ax 3 + x 2 + 2ax + 1 = 0 …(i) a ≥ 2

⇒ or a > 3 , if a < 2
On dividing by x 2, we get 
2a 1 4
x 2 + 2ax + 1 + + 2 =0
a ≥ 2
x x 
 2 1  1 ⇒ or 3 < a < 2
⇒  x + 2  + 2a x +  +1=0  4
 x   x
 1
2
 1 3 3 
⇒  x +  − 2 + 2a  x +  + 1 = 0 Hence, < a < ∞ or a ∈  , ∞
 4 
x  x 4
1
2 107. We have, [2 x ] − [ x + 1 ] = 2 x
  1
or  x +  + 2a x +  − 1 = 0 LHS = Integer
 x  x Since,
1 ∴ RHS = 2x = Integer
or y 2 + 2ay − 1 = 0, where y = x + ⇒ [2 x ] = 2 x
x
Now, − [ x + 1] = 0
− 2a ± ( 4a 2 + 4 )
∴ y = = − a ± (a 2 + 1 ) ⇒ [ x + 1] = 0
2
or 0 ≤ x + 1 <1
Taking ‘+’ sign, we get
or −1 ≤ x < 0
y = − a + (a 2 + 1 ) or − 2 ≤ 2x < 0
⇒ x+
1
= − a + (a 2 + 1 ) ∴ 2 x = − 2, − 1
x 1
or x = − 1, −
or x 2 + (a − (a 2 + 1 ) ) x + 1 = 0 …(ii) 2
1
Taking ‘−’ sign, we get y = − a − (a 2 + 1 ) or x 1 = − 1, x 2 = −
2
1 108. We have, (a 2 + 3 ) x 2 + (a + 2 ) x − 6 < 0
⇒ x+ = − a − (a 2 + 1 )
x
or x 2 + (a + (a 2 + 1 ) ) x + 1 = 0 …(iii)
Let α , β be the roots of Eq. (ii) and γ, δ be the roots of Eq. (iii).
Then, α + β = (a 2 + 1 ) − a
X
and αβ = 1
and γ + δ = − (a 2 + 1 ) − a Let f ( x ) = (a 2 + 3 ) x 2 + (a + 2 ) x − 6
and γδ =1 Q (a 2 + 3 ) > 0 and f ( x ) < 0
Clearly, α + β > 0 and αβ > 0 ∴ D>0
∴Either α , β will be imaginary or both real and positive ⇒(a + 2 ) + 24 (a + 3 ) > 0 is true for all a ∈ R .
2 2
according to the Eq. (i) has atleast two distinct negative roots.
Therefore, both γ and δ must be negative. Therefore, 109. We have, 6 x 2 − 77[ x ] + 147 = 0
(i) γδ > 0, which is true as γ δ = 1. 6 x 2 + 147
⇒ = [x ]
(ii) γ+δ<0 77
⇒ − (a + (a 2 + 1 ) ) < 0 ⇒ (0.078) x 2 = [x ] − 1.9
⇒ a + (a + 1 ) > 0, which is true for all a.
2 Q (0.078 ) x 2 > 0 ⇒ x 2 > 0
∴ a ∈R ∴ [ x ] − 1.9 > 0
(iii) D>0 or [ x ] > 1.9
∴ [ x ] = 2, 3, 4, 5,…
If [ x ] = 2, i. e. 2 ≤ x < 3
2 − 1 .9
Then, x2 = = 1. 28
0.078 α β
X
γ δ
∴ x = 1.13 [fail]
If [ x ] = 3, i. e. 3 ≤ x < 4
Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 2(a + 1 ) x + a (a − 1 ), thus the following
3 − 1.9
Then, x2 = = 14.1 conditions hold good:
0.078
∴ x = 3.75 [true]
Case I D>0
If [ x ] = 4, i.e. 4 ≤ x < 5
4 − 1.9 ⇒ 4 (a + 1 ) 2 − 4a (a − 1 ) > 0
Then, x2 = = 26.9
0.078 ⇒ 3a + 1 > 0
∴ x = 5.18 [fail] 1
∴ a>−
If [ x ] = 5, i.e. 5 ≤ x < 6 3
5 − 1.9 Case II f (α ) < 0
Then, x2 = = 39.7
0.078 ⇒ f (1 + a ) < 0
∴ x = 6.3 [fail] ⇒ (1 + a ) 2 − 2 (1 + a ) (1 + a ) + a (a − 1 ) < 0
If [ x ] = 6, i. e. 6 ≤ x < 7 ⇒ − (1 + a ) 2 + a (a − 1 ) < 0
6 − 1.9 4.1
Then, x2 = = = 52.56 ⇒ − 3a − 1 < 0
0.078 0.078 1
∴ x = 7.25 [fail] ⇒ a>−
3
If [ x ] = 7, i. e. 7 ≤ x < 8 Case III f (s ) = 0
7 − 1.9 5.1
Then, x2 = = = 65.38 ⇒ f (1 − a ) < 0
0.078 0.078
⇒ (1 − a ) 2 − 2 (a + 1 ) (1 − a ) + a (a − 1 ) < 0
∴ x = 8.08 [fail]
⇒ ( 4a + 1 ) (a − 1 ) < 0
If [ x ] = 8, i. e. 8 ≤ x < 9
1
8 − 1.9 6.1 ∴ − <a <1
Then, x2 = = = 78.2 4
0.078 0.078
Combining all cases we get
 1 
∴ x = 8.8 [true] a ∈  − , 1
 4 
If [ x ] = 9, i. e. 9 ≤ x < 10
9 − 1.9 7.1 111. pr = ( − p ) ( − r )
Then, x2 = = = 91.03
0.078 0.078 = ( α + β + γ + δ ) ( αβγ + αβδ + γδα + γδβ )
∴ x = 9.5 [true] = α 2 βγ + α 2 βδ + α 2 γδ + αβγδ + β 2 γα
If [ x ] = 10, i. e.10 ≤ x < 11
+ β 2 αδ + αβγδ + β 2 γδ + γ 2 αβ + αβγδ
10 − 1.9 8.1
Then, x2 = = = 103.8
0.078 0.078 + γ 2 δα + γ 2δβ + αβγδ + αβδ 2 + γαδ 2 + γβδ 2
∴ x = 10.2 [true] Q AM ≥ GM
If [ x ] = 11, i.e. 11 ≤ x < 12 pr
⇒ ≥ (α 16 β16 γ16 δ16 )1/6 = α β γδ = 5
11 − 1.9 16
Then, x2 =
0.078 pr
⇒ ≥5
9.1 16
= = 116.7
0.078 or pr ≥ 80
∴ x = 10.8 [fail] ∴ Minimum value of pr is 80.
Other values are fail. 112. (α 2 + β 2 ) 2 = (α + β ) (α 3 + β 3 )
Hence, number of solutions is four.
⇒ {(α + β ) 2 − 2 αβ } 2 = (α + β ) {(α + β ) 3 − 3 αβ (α + β )}
110. Since, the given equation is 2
 b 2 2c   b  − b
3
3bc 
x 2 − 2x − a 2 + 1 = 0 ⇒  2 −  = −   3 + 2 
a a  
a  a a 
⇒ (x − 1)2 = a 2
2
∴ x − 1 ≠ a or x = 1 ± a  b 2 − 2ac   − b   − b + 3abc 
3
⇒   =    
⇒ α = 1 + a and β = 1 − a  a2   a   a3 
⇒ 4a 2c 2 = acb 2 Combining all cases, we get
⇒ ac (b − 4ac ) = 0
2 k ∈ ( −∞,4 )
117. We have, a + b = 10c, ab = − 11d
As a≠0
⇒ c∆ = 0 and c + d = 10a, cd = − 11b
113. Let P ( x ) = bx 2 + ax + c ∴ a + b + c + d = 10 (a + c )
and abcd = 121 bd
As P (0) = 0
⇒ b + d = 9 (a + c )
⇒ c=0
and ac = 121
As P (1 ) = 1
Next, a − 10 ac − 11d = 0
2
⇒ a + b =1
P ( x ) = ax + (1 − a ) x 2 and c 2 − 10ac − 11b = 0
Now, P ′ ( x ) = a + 2 (1 − a ) x ⇒ a 2 + c 2 − 20 ac − 11 (b + d ) = 0
As P ′ ( x ) > 0 for x ∈( 0, 1 ) ⇒ (a + c ) 2 − 22 × 121 − 99 (a + c ) = 0
Only option (d) satisfies above condition. ⇒ a + c = 121 or − 22
114. Let the roots are α and α + 1, where α ∈ I . If a + c = − 22 ⇒a = c , rejecting these values, we have
Then, sum of the roots = 2 α + 1 = b a + c = 121
Product of the roots = α (α + 1 ) = c ∴ a + b + c + d = 10 (a + c ) = 1210
118. D≥0
Now, b 2 − 4c = ( 2α + 1 ) 2 − 4α (α + 1 ) 4 (a + b + c ) 2 − 12λ (ab + bc + ca ) ≥ 0
= 4α + 1 + 4α − 4α − 4α = 1
2 2
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) − (3λ − 2 ) (ab + bc + ca ) ≥ 0
∴ b − 4c = 1
2
(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )
n− 1 ∴ (3 λ − 2 ) ≤
115. Let f ( x ) = an x + an − 1 x
n
+…+ a1 x, (ab + bc + ca )
f ( 0 ) = 0;f (α ) = 0 Since, |a − b | < c
⇒ f ′( x ) = 0 has atleast one root between ( 0, α ). ⇒ a 2 + b 2 − 2ab < c 2 (i)
i.e. Equation |b − c | < a
nan xn − 1 + (n − 1 ) an − 1xn − 2 +…+ a1 = 0 ⇒ b 2 + c 2 − 2bc < a 2 …(ii)
has a positive root smaller than α. | c − a| < b
116. Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 2kx + k 2 + k − 5 ⇒ c 2 + a 2 − 2ca < b 2 …(iii)
Consider the following cases: From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
a2 + b2 + c2
<2 …(iv)
ab + bc + ca
f(5) From Eqs. (i) and (iv), we get
4
α X 3λ − 2 < 2 ⇒ λ − 2, m + 1 > − 2
⇒ k ≤ 5 or k ∈ ( −∞, 5 ] ⇒ m > − 1, m > − 3
Case II x-Coordinate of vertex x < 5 Then, m > −1 …(i)
2k and m − 1 < 4, m + 1 < 4
⇒ <5
2 ⇒ m < 5, m < 3 and m < 3 …(ii)
⇒ k < 5 or k ∈ ( −∞,5 ) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get − 1 < m < 3
Case III f (5 ) > 0 120. x 2 + px + q = 0
⇒ 25 − 10k + k 2 + k − 5 > 0 Sum of the roots = tan 30 ° + tan 15 ° = − p
Product of the roots = tan 30 °⋅ tan 15 ° = q
⇒ k − 9k + 20 > 0
2
tan 30 ° + tan 15 °
⇒ (k − 4 )(k − 5 ) > 0 or k ∈ ( −∞,4 ) ∪ (5, ∞ ) tan 45 ° = tan (30 ° + 15 ° ) =
1 − tan 30 °⋅ tan 15 °
−p 125. Let f ( x ) = x 7 + 14x 5 + 16x 3 + 30x − 560
⇒ 1= ⇒ − p =1 −q
1 −q
∴ f ′( x ) = 7 x 6 + 70 x 4 + 48 x 2 + 30 > 0, ∀ x ∈ R
⇒ q− p =1
∴ 2 + q − p =3 ⇒ f ( x ) is an increasing function, for all x ∈ R
121. The equation x 2 − px + r = 0 has roots (α , β) and the equation Hence, number of real solutions is 1.
α  126. Let f ( x ) = x 3 − px + q
x 2 − qx + r has roots  , 2β .
2 
∴ f ′( x ) = 3 x 2 − p
α
⇒ r = αβ and α + β = p and + 2β = q ⇒ f ′′( x ) = 6 x
2
2q − p 2 (2 p − q )
⇒ β= and α = p
3 3 √3
2
⇒ αβ = r = (2q − p ) (2 p − q ) –
p
9 √3
122. α + β = −a
| α − β | < 5 ⇒ (α − β ) 2 < 5 For maxima or minima, f ′( x ) = 0
⇒ a − 4 < 5 ⇒ a ∈ ( − 3, 3 )
2
∴ x=±
p
3
123. Suppose roots are imaginary, then β = α
 p  p
1
=α ⇒ f ′′   =6   > 0
and  3  3
β
⇒ β=−
1  p p
[not possible] and f ′′  −  = −6 <0
β  3 3
⇒ Roots are real ⇒( p 2 − q ) (b 2 − ac ) ≥ 0 p
Hence, given cubic minima at x = and maxima at
⇒ Statement −1 is true. 3
2b 1 p
− =α + x=− .
a β 3
α c 127. Let f ( x ) = x 2 − 8kx + 16 (k 2 − k + 1)
and = , α + β = − 2 p, αβ = q
β a
If β = 1, then α = q
⇒ c = qa [not possible]
− 2b
Also, α+1=
a
X
− 2b 4
⇒ − 2p =
a ∴ D>0
⇒ b = ap [not possible] ⇒ 64k 2 − 4 ⋅ 16 (k 2 − k + 1 ) > 0
⇒ Statement −2 is true but it is not the correct explanation of ⇒ k >1 …(i)
Statement-1. −b 8k
124. Let α,4β be roots of x 2 − 6x + a = 0 and α , 3 β be the roots of ⇒ >4 ⇒ >4
2a 2
x 2 − cx + 6 = 0. ⇒ k >1 …(ii)
Then, α + 4 β = 6 and 4αβ = a …(i) and f (4) ≥ 0
α + 3 β = c and 3α β = 6 …(ii) ⇒ 16 − 32k + 16 (k 2 − k + 1 ) ≥ 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ k 2 − 3k + 2 ≥ 0
a = 8, αβ = 2
⇒ (k − 1 ) (k − 2 ) ≥ 0
Now, first equation becomes ⇒ k ≤ 1 or k ≥ 2 …(iii)
x 2 − 6x + 8 = 0 From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
⇒ x = 2, 4 k ≥2
If α = 2, 4 β = 4, then 3 β = 3 kmin = 2
3 128. Since, roots of bx 2 + cx + a = 0 are imaginary.
If α = 4, 4 β = 2, then 3 β = [non-integer]
2 ∴ c 2− 4ab < 0
∴Common root is x = 2. ⇒ − c 2 > − 4ab …(i)
Let f ( x ) = 3b 2x 2 + 6bcx + 2c 2 132. Let α be the common root.
Then, α 2 + bα − 1 = 0 and α 2 + α + b = 0
Since, 3b > 0
2
2
1 b b −1 −1 1
and D = (6bc ) 2 − 4 (3b 2 ) (2c 2 ) = 12b 2c 2 ⇒ × =
1 1 1 b b 1
D 12b 2c 2
∴ Minimum value of f (x ) = − =− = −c 2 > −4ab ⇒ (1 − b ) (b + 1 ) = ( − 1 − b ) 2
2
4a 4 (3b 2 )
⇒ b 3 + 3b = 0
α β α 2 + β 2 (α + β ) 2 − 2 αβ
129. + = = …(i) ∴ b = 0, i 3, − i 3 , where i = − 1.
β α αβ αβ
and given, α 3 + β 3 = q, α + β = − p 133. Let f ( x ) = x 4 − 4 x 3 + 12x 2 + x − 1
⇒ (α + β ) 3 − 3 αβ (α + β ) = q ∴ f ′( x ) = 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 24 x + 1
⇒ − p 3 + 3 pαβ = q ⇒ f ′′( x ) = 12 x 2 − 24 x + 24
q + p3 = 12 ( x 2 − 2 x + 2 )
or αβ =
3p = 12 [( x − 1 ) 2 + 1 ] > 0
∴ From Eq. (i), we get
2 (q + p 3 ) i.e. f ′′( x ) has no real roots.
p2 − Hence, f ( x ) has maximum two distinct real roots, where
α β 3p p 3 − 2q
+ = = f ( 0 ) = − 1.
β α (q + p )
3
(q + p 3 )
134. Given, p ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x )
3p
⇒ p( x ) = (a − a1 ) x 2 + (b − b1 ) x + (c − c1 )
α β
and product of the roots = ⋅ = 1 It is clear that p( x ) = 0 has both equal roots − 1, then
β α
(b − b1 )
 p 3 − 2q  −1 −1 = −
∴ Required equation is x 2 −   x+1=0 (a − a1 )
 q + p3 
c − c1
and − 1 × −1 =
or (q + p 3 ) x 2 − ( p 3 − 2q ) x + (q + p 3 ) = 0 a − a1
130. Since, f ′ ( x ) = 12x 2 + 6x + 2 ⇒ b − b1 = 2 (a − a1 ) and c − c1 = (a − a1 ) …(i)
Here, D = 6 − 4 ⋅ 12 ⋅ 2 = 36 − 96 = − 60 < 0
2 Also given, p( −2 ) = 2
∴ f ′( x ) > 0, ∀ x ∈ R ⇒ 4 (a − a1 ) − 2 (b − b1 ) + (c − c1 ) = 2 …(ii)
⇒ Only one real root for f ( x ) = 0 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Also, f ( 0 ) = 1, f ( − 1 ) = − 2 4 (a − a1 ) − 4 (a − a1 ) + (a − a1 ) = 2
⇒ Root must lie in ( − 1, 0 ). ∴ (a − a1 ) = 2 …(iii)
 1 1 ⇒ b − b1 = 4 and c − c1 = 2 [from Eq. (i)] …(iv)
Taking average of 0 and ( − 1 ), f  −  = Now, p(2 ) = 4 (a − a1 ) + 2 (b − b1 ) + (c − c1 )
 2 4
= 8 + 8 + 2 = 18 [from Eqs. (iii) and (iv)]
 1
⇒ Root must lie in  − 1, −  . 135. Let the quadratic equation be
 2
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
 3 1
Similarly, f  −  = −
 4 2 Sachin made a mistake in writing down constant term.
∴ Sum of the roots is correct.
 3 1
⇒ Root must lie in  − , −  . i.e. α + β =7
 4 2
Rahul made a mistake in writing down coefficient of x .
131. Qα 2 − 6 α − 2 = 0 ⇒α 2 − 2 = 6 α …(i)
∴ Product of the roots is correct.
and β − 6β − 2 = 0 ⇒ β − 2 = 6β
2 2
…(ii) i.e. αβ = 6
a10 − 2a 8 ( α 10
− β ) − 2 (α − β )
10 8 8
⇒ Correct quadratic equation is
∴ =
2a 9 2 (α 9 − β9 ) x 2 − (α + β ) x + αβ = 0
α 8( α 2 − 2 ) − β 8 ( β 2 − 2 ) ⇒ x 2 − 7x + 6 = 0
=
2 (α 9 − β9 ) ⇒ ( x − 6 )( x − 1 ) = 0 ⇒ x = 6,1
α ⋅ 6α − β ⋅ 6β
8 8 Hence, correct roots are 1 and 6.
= [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
2 (α 9 − β9 )
6 (α 9 − β9 )
136. Let a + 1 = h 6
= =3
2 (α 9 − β9 ) ∴ (h 2 − 1 ) x 2 + (h 3 − 1 ) x + (h − 1 ) = 0
 h 2 − 1 2  h 3 − 1 −
q
⇒  x +   x+1=0
 h −1  h −1 ⇒
p
=4
r
As a → 0, then h → 1
p
 h 2 − 1 2  h 3 − 1
lim   x + lim   x+1=0 ⇒ q = − 4r ... (i)
h → 1 h − 1  h → 1 h − 1 
Also, given p, q, r are in AP.
⇒ 2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0 ∴ 2q = p + r
⇒ 2x 2 + 2x + x + 1 = 0 ⇒ p = − 9r [from Eq. (i)] …(ii)
⇒ (2 x + 1 ) ( x + 1 ) = 0 D Q for ax 2 + bx + c = 0, α − β = D 
Now, | α − β | =
∴ x = − 1 and x = −
1 | a|  a 
2
137. Let e sin x = t …(i) (q 2 − 4 pr )
=
Then, the given equation can be written as | p|
1 (16r 2 + 36r 2
t − − 4 = 0 ⇒ t 2 − 4t − 1 = 0 = =
52 | r |
[from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
t 9 |r | 9 |r |
4 ± (16 + 4 )
∴ t= 2 13
2 =
9
⇒ e sin x = (2 + 5 ) [Qe sin x > 0,∴taking + ve sign]
141. f ( x ) = x 5 − 5x and g( x ) = − a
⇒ sin x = loge ( 2 + 5 ) …(ii)
∴ f ′( x ) = 5 x 4 − 5
Q (2 + 5 ) > e [Qe = 2.71828… ]
⇒ loge ( 2 + 5 ) > 1 …(iii) 4
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
sin x > 1 [which is impossible]
Hence, no real root exists. –1 1
138. Given equations are
–4
ax 2 + bx + c = 0 …(i)
and x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0 …(ii) = 5 (x 2 + 1) (x − 1) (x + 1)
Clearly, roots of Eq. (ii) are imaginary, since Eqs. (i) and (ii) Clearly, f ( x ) = g( x ) has one real root, if a > 4 and three real
have a common root, therefore common root must be roots, if | a| < 4.
imaginary and hence both roots will be common. Therefore,
Eqs. (i) and (ii) are identical. 142. Since, b = 0 for p ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c, as roots are pure
a b c imaginary.
∴ = = or a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 3
1 2 3 (− c ± i c )
⇒x = ± , which are clearly neither pure real nor
139. Q x − [ x ] = { x } [fractional part of x ] a
pure imaginary, as c ≠ 0.
For no integral solution, { x } ≠ 0
∴ a≠ 0 …(i) 143. Qαx 2 − x + α = 0 has distinct real roots.
The given equation can be written as ∴ D>0
3 { x } 2 − 2{ x } − a 2 = 0  1 1
⇒ 1 − 4α 2 > 0 ⇒ α ∈  − ,  ...(i)
 2 2
2 ± ( 4 + 12a ) 1 + (1 + 3a )
2 2
⇒ {x } = = [Q 0 < { x } < 1 ] Also, | x1 − x 2 | < 1 ⇒ | x1 − x 2 | 2 < 1
6 3
D 1 − 4α 2 1
1 + (1 + 3a 2 ) ⇒ <1 ⇒ < 1 ⇒α2 >
⇒ 0< < 1 ⇒ (1 + 3a 2 ) < 2 a 2
α2 5
3
⇒ a2 < 1 ⇒ − 1 < a < 1  1   1 
…(ii) ⇒ α ∈  −∞,−  ∪  , ∞ ...(ii)
 5  5 
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
a ∈ ( − 1, 0 ) ∪ ( 0, 1 ) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 α+β  1 1   1 1
140. Q + = 4 ⇒ =4 S =  − ,−  ∪  , 
α β αβ  2 5   5 2
2
+ 4 x − 60 Q α 1, β1 are roots of x 2 − 2 x sec θ + 1 = 0 and α 1 > β1
144. ( x 2 − 5x + 5) x =1
Case I ∴ α 1 = sec θ − tan θ and β1 = sec θ + tan θ
x 2 − 5 x + 5 = 1 and x 2 + 4 x − 60 can be any real number ⇒ α 2, β 2 are roots of x 2 + 2 x tan θ − 1 = 0
⇒ x = 1, 4 and α 2 > β2
Case II
∴ α 2 = − tan θ + sec θ
x 2 − 5 x + 5 = − 1 and x 2 + 4 x − 60 has to be an even number
and β 2 = − tan θ − sec θ
⇒ x = 2, 3
For x = 3, x 2 + 4 x − 60 is odd, ∴ x ≠ 3 Hence, α 1 + β 2 = − 2 tan θ
Hence, x =2 146. Q x ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) ( x + 2) + .... + ( x + n − 1) ( x + n ) = 10n

Case III x 2 − 5 x + 5 can be any real number and
⇒ nx 2 + x (1 + 3 + 5 + K + (2n − 1 )) + (1 . 2 + 2 . 3
x 2 + 4 x − 60 = 0
+ ...+ (n − 1 ) . n ) = 10n
⇒ x = − 10, 6 1
⇒ Sum of all values of x = 1 + 4 + 2 − 10 + 6 = 3 or nx + n x + (n − 1 ) n (n + 1 ) = 10n
2 2
3
145. Q x 2 − 2x sec θ a + 1 = 0 ⇒ x = sec θ ± tan θ
or 3 x 2 + 3nx + (n 2 − 1 ) = 30 (Q n ≠ 0)
π π
and − <θ < − or 3 x + 3nx + (n − 31 ) = 0
2 2
6 12
 π  π |α −β| =1
⇒ sec  −  > sec θ > sec  −  Q
 6  12
or (α − β ) 2 = 1
 π  π
or sec   > sec θ > sec   D
 6  12 or =1
a2
 π  π
and tan  −  < tan θ < tan  −  or D = a2
 6  12
 π  π or 9n 2 − 12 . (n 2 − 31 ) = 9
⇒ − tan   < tan θ < − tan  
 6  12
or n 2 = 121
 π  π
or tan   > − tan θ > tan   ∴ n = 11
 6  12

Theory of Equations Exercises

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Theory of Equations Exercise 1 :

Single Option Correct Type Questions

7. If ( - 2, 7 ) is the highest point on the graph of 16. The value of 7 + 7 - 7 + 7 - K upto ¥ is

Theory of Equations Exercise 2 :

If roots of the equation x 4 - 12x 3 + cx 2 + dx + 81 = 0 are 55. The value of b1 is

49. The value of c is 56. The least value of g ( x ) is

Theory of Equations Exercise 4 :

is m. The value of (m) (where ( × ) denotes the least integer

Column I Column II (A) ax 2 + 3x - 4 (p) 0

(A) If a, b, c, d are four non-zero real (p) a + b + c = 0

(s) a, b, c are in HP (s) 3

Theory of Equations Exercise 7 :

Theory of Equations Exercise 8 :

and g( x ) can take all values from [ − 6, ∞ ). ⇒ µ = 16

∴ x 2 − 15 = ± 1 The following cases arise:

+ + + Case II If x < 0, i.e., −1 ≤ x < 0

66. From Eq. (iv), we get

There are two cases: ∴ Minimum value of µ is 4 5.

⇒ y ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ] ∪ [7, ∞ ) ⇒ [(2 a 2 + 23 ) + ( 9 + 16a )] [( 2a 2 + 23 ) − ( 9 + 16a )] ≤ 0

7 − 33 7 + 33 (x) Both 2 and 3 lie between α and β.

Combining all cases, we get ⇒ c n + 1 ⋅ a n + 1 + (cn )n + 1 ⋅ a n + 1 + b = 0

= bq ( p − a ) 2 [from Eqs. (ii) and (iv)] ⇒ x = 1 ± (1 + log 2 + 3

Hence, x =2 146. Q x ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) ( x + 2) + .... + ( x + n − 1) ( x + n ) = 10n

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