Open Book Examination

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Learner name Jaya Krishna Vipplapalli

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day and will be communicated by Green World. For this
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Learning Partner name Green World Safety & Security Consultancies LLC

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Task 1: Justifying health and safety improvements

Question 1
1. financial arguments that support the investment in delivering safe and reliable
healthcare reduces overall costs and is economically sensible.
2. Providing the Barriers for fork lift operating/ movement areas to avoid the entering
the workers without permits.
3. Pedestrians signages and marking to be provided, this type of activities will prevent
the accidents,
4. Walkways marking will strictly prohibit the for-lift movements,
5. Training for the workers and fork lift operators to understand the entry and exit of
the stores for humans and fork lifts,
6. Recruiting the sufficient safety staff to monitor and control the workers and fork lift
operators to create
7. To review the health and safety performance of the workers and fork lift operators
at works, by providing the safety training to the workers and fork lift operators,
costs.
8. Improving the safety performance internally ( Inside the stores while working ) and
externally to minimise the absents of the workers.
9. To improve the workers morals by providing the safety incentives at works, to
follow the standards and local regulation strictly without fails.
10. Workers will be more motivated if they feel that their employer cares for their
welfare. Effective health and safety management should result in the workforce
embracing health and safety guidance and adopting safe working practices.

Task 2: Checking management system effectiveness

Question 2 (a)
Store manager & Ware house manager,

I am writing this report for your information and to take necessary actions to avoid the
safety issue of the store.

I have been observed that the goods are aisles and blocked the designated walkways,
due to this the workers are facing the problems to follow the safety while movement in the
store.

Due to the stack piling the workers are entered into the vehicle routes, it will make
confusions to the drivers, and there is more chance to accidents.

Some of workers informed me that, due to this situation there are some near misses
between the fork lift drivers and workers,

There is chance to collusion of the product due to workers movements in vehicle area, it
cause the product damage as well as spillage of product.

To avoid unnecessary accident/ Damages, we need to take proper action to follow

safety rules
Question 2 (b)
Hold regular safety meeting; To follow the safety and health at stores all the employees
including top management need to attend the safety meeting it will helps the workers
moral as well as productivity.

Removing the good stocks from the designated walkways, it will help to the workers to
reach the work places without any aisles, it will help to reach the location without any
delay, it will helps the workers productivity.

We need to create a feedback-positive culture, some employees/ workers may feel more
comfortable sharing their honest feedback anonymously.

Protecting the workers and Company assets are the It’s an organization’s responsibility to
provide a safe, healthy workplace for employees.

Task 3: Managing contractors

Question 3
To assessing the external contractor, we need to check the following details,
1. Need to check the existing health and safety policy of the contractors to review.
2. Examine the contractor’s procedures and protocols of the health and safety system
in detail, conducting the interview or prequalification check list.
3. Analysing The quality of the contractor’s induction and training programmes of the
health safety system with necessary scrutinize activities to get in depth details for
to score the contractor’s capacities.
4. Previous experience with similar project details and records of the health and
safety, risk assessments, employee records
5. Contactor insurance policies for the organization, individuals, equipment’s with the
level of coverage the insurance, if any previous claim records of the insurance for
human, equipment and organization.
6. Reviewing the contractor’s membership in the reputed associations and previous
project completion records and reputation with the clients, local authorities, and
references form the local market.
7. Detail method statement of the works, scope, responsibilities at the site and
coordination with the supporting staff and workers, need to considered for
contactor assessment.
8. The level of supervision and supporting staff they will provide at each stage of
works with qualified technicians and equipment details are also need to be get
from the contactor.
9. Work permit system for cold, Hot works and confined spaces, how they will be
coordinated with the site, during the execution how they will monitor the works,
and how they will coordinate for the works from initiation.
10. Any record of enforce actions are had taken the by the local government or
private sector against the contractor in previously, and any financial crimes are
involved.

Task 4: Working within a health and safety management system

• Question 4
 • Improvement in business performance: The implementation of an Occupational
Health and Safety Management System based on ISO 45001 reduces workplace
illnesses and injuries, and, in turn, increases productivity.
• Best practice creation: It provides consistency and establishes “best practices” for
occupational health and safety throughout the organization
• Hazard & Risk identification: Conducting risk assessments in a systematic manner,
improves the quality of the assessment.
• Lower Insurance premiums: Having a recognized system in place provides an
apron for attracting lower insurance premiums.
• Improvements in efficiency: The implementation of an OH&S Management System
contributes to the reduction of accident rates, absenteeism levels, and downtime,
all of which improve the efficiency levels of internal operations.
• Establishment of a safe working environment: Promotes the safety of all persons
being affected by the organization’s activities.
• Monitoring & measurement: Promotes management oversight through the
provision of key performance indicators (KPI’s) in the measurement of the
Occupational Health and Safety Management System performance levels.
• Focus: A culture that focuses on the “prevention of problems” rather than on the
“detection of problems” is much more effective and rewarding to employees.
• Continual improvement: Encourages continual improvement, e.g. the adoption of
the “zero accident” concept.
• Globalization: ISO 45001 puts your organization in an elite category of businesses,
as it is an internationally recognized standard.

Task 5: Influencing health and safety culture

Question 5

• There are several indicators evident from the scenario on assessing altogether that
the safety culture is negative at the warehouse:
• Some of them are discussed as below:
• Many non-compliance to safety rules, procedures and standards indicate poor
culture some are discussed below:
• Poor stacking and storage that is poor housekeeping like obstructed aisles.
• Use of mobile during driving.
• Oil spillage in busy vehicle routes
• Lack of supervision and maintenance
• Near misses and accident rates are high that is the prime indicator of poor safety
culture. Increased number of accidents is evident as workers revealed that such
accidents occur frequently.
• Workers absence rate is high that indicate that workers are either not willing to
come or not able to come due to work related illness, injuries or fear to become
victim or for some other reasons.
• High turnover rate also indicate that workers are not happy in their organization and
therefore do not stay for long as they may not feel safe.
• High volume of complaints been made by workers regarding poor conditions that is
another indicator of negative culture and the way of reporting was not formal and
management did not listen to their concerns that means not serious in addressing
issues. Workers are not happy with management.
 • Management did not make consultation arrangements as there is no safety
representative though the workers need to be consulted for their concerns.
• Management is not setting good leadership example and showing lack of interest
in improving or assessing safety standards as workers complained that managers
rarely visit the workplace.
• Management give priority to smooth running of business and due to fear of the
business disruption management is hesitating in issuing budget for health and
safety improvements.
• Risk assessments are general and not suitable and sufficient that also indicate poor
management commitment and performance.
• No investigations have been carried out previously as no controls are implemented
to prevent recurrence of incidents as it is evident that incident discussed in scenario
is repeated and several similar accidents or near misses have been happened
before.
•

Task 6: Developing safe systems of work (SSoW)

Question 6
The following factors need to be taken into account to determine the realistic and
proportionate first aid requirements for warehouse workers:

First Aid Personnel:

1. The work or shift pattern, which in this scenario is 4 days on and 4 days off, should be
considered to provide the minimum required cover for each shift.
2. The number of first aiders or appointed persons should be directly linked to the
number of workers on site, and it should be decided to meet and exceed legal
requirements. Their annual leave and sick leaves should also be considered, as
someone else should be appointed to take charge during their absence.
3.Hiring criteria should be reviewed to ensure that first aid personnel are certified and
experienced.

Appointed Person:

5.The appointed person should be trained in basic emergency procedures and should
know how to contact emergency services. They should have access to communication
equipment, and contact numbers of emergency services should be displayed.

First Aider:

6. First aiders should be fully trained at a higher level of first aid at work.
7. Arrangements should be made for refresher trainings, and the records should be
maintained.

First Aid Equipment:

8. The general risk level of the workplace should be considered, as in this case it is high.
Mostly collision accidents happen, so the nature of accidents also involves fractures etc.
 Poor stacking may cause trips, and oil spillage may cause slips. Manual handling
activities are also carried out, so manual handling injuries should also be considered.

9. To deal with this situation, several fully stocked first aid kits should be installed at
different locations, and first aid safety equipment like stretchers, resuscitation equipment,
bandages, and slings should be available.

10.The general risk level is high as there are young drivers indicating the presence of a
vulnerable group requiring extraordinary arrangements.

First Aid Facilities:

1. As the warehouse is a large workplace, a dedicated treatment room should be

available.
2. The treatment room should be centrally located, easily accessible by emergency
services.
3. The first aid room should be clean, properly ventilated, and well-lit.
4. It should have a hand wash facility, chair, clinical waste bin, and proper arrangements
for disposing of infectious waste.

Task 7: Investigating incidents

Question 7
The level of high level of investigation is required for the recent accident, because the
workers leg was broken.
1. Gathering the micro level of information of the accident, at what time happened,
when it happened, who is the prime witness for the accident, what action was
taken after the accident,
2. To investigating the FLT driver, at the time of accident, what is the health condition
of the driver, why he was in busy with with phone call, at the time of accident who
is the prime witness.
3. Interviewing the workers: After the accident what was they observed, how they
reacted with the leg broken workers,
4. At the time of accident, why the worker are not observed the Fork lift movement
and how he was trying to escape from it.
5. What is the break condition of the fork lift at the time of accident, the maintenance
details of the fork lift,
6. Work permit details and who signed the permit, why he signed without observing
the oil slippage at the site, what are the reasons the behind that and what action
are taken after accidents.
7. Communication: Who informed about the accident to the store management and
what is the response after hearing about accident , and how they reacted after
accident.
8. What type investigation done after accident, report of the accident, how the store
management approach the legal requirements to claim the insurance for damage
of the goods and injured person.
9. Fork lift operator training and safety induction records, weather he was fully trained
or qualified for to drive the fork lift.
10. Establish the root cause of the accidents and prevent the recurrence, what are
the management action after the accident.
The above mentioned steps Leeds the investigation process.

Question 8
Various factors could impact the behavior of young forklift truck drivers. Some of these
factors are discussed below:

1. Age: Individuals below the age of 18 are not suitable for high-risk jobs.
2. Lack of knowledge and experience: Young drivers often lack the necessary
competency and require proper training to develop their skills.
3. Delayed decision-making: Young drivers may fail to judge situations in a timely
manner, leading to delayed application of brakes.
4. Distractions: Young drivers may violate driving rules by using mobile phones while
driving, which can cause distractions. Therefore, they need close supervision.
5. Physical and mental maturity: Young drivers are not fully developed, and it takes time
for them to develop the skills needed for safe driving.
6. Risk perception: Young drivers may not be able to perceive hidden risks, leading to
taking unnecessary risks.
7. Unsafe attitude: Some young drivers may have an unsafe, negligent attitude towards
driving, which is not acceptable. For example, driving a forklift over an oil spill.
8. Low morale and motivation: Workers, including young drivers, may have low morale
and motivation towards health and safety due to poor safety culture and lack of priority
given by management.
9. Lack of disciplinary actions: If there have been no disciplinary actions taken in the
past, there is no fear of consequences, which may promote unsafe practices.
10.it is a fact that skills develop over time, and young drivers cannot be considered skilled
drivers due to their lack of experience and maturity.

Question 9
There have been several management failures that have contributed to the accident
mentioned in the scenario. Some of these are discussed below:

1. Management failed to closely supervise workers, even though the workers included a
vulnerable group like young drivers.

2. Poor housekeeping is evident from the scenario, as the aisles are obstructed and oil
spills are present, indicating a lack of general inspections in the workplace.

3. Oil leakages may be due to forklift trucks that require maintenance. This highlights yet
another management failure of lack of maintenance.

4. Insufficient arrangements, such as a common gate used by both pedestrians and

vehicles, and the absence of segregation for workers from vehicles, indicate a failure of
proper route layout planning.

5. Management failed to provide effective training to workers, and workers' unsafe

behavior demands training on priority.
 6. No safety rules or signs were displayed or enforced by the management.

7. High-risk jobs were given to young workers, which raises questions about the
management's hiring criteria.

8. Management did not develop safety procedures, and risk assessments were either not
carried out or not being updated to meet legal requirements.

9. Management did not have a formal arrangement for consultation with workers, and no
safety representatives were nominated for this purpose.

10. Management showed less interest in managing health and safety, and managers'
training was missing to raise their awareness regarding health and safety.

11. Resources were not deployed for health and safety standards improvements.

12. No formal safety management system existed, and inadequate record-keeping and
poor reporting procedures were evident.

Task 8: Reviewing performance

Question 10 (a) (i)

Active Monitoring:

As no evidence can be found from the scenario regarding Monitoring activities like
general inspections so it looks missing or if it is present then for sure ineffective as
obstructed aisles and spillages are examples mentioned in the scenario. Training need is
evident from the scenario as unsafe actions from workers indicate the need for training.

Though Risk assessments have been carried out as the inspector declared it very
general so it indicates that risk assessments are not suitable and sufficient and obviously
assessments are unsuccessful in preventing accidents. No evidence of review of
assessments was found.

Reactive Monitoring:

Poor reactive monitoring found as no incident recordings found, informal way of reporting
found as workers used to inform verbally. Only Record of injuries found Incident
investigations are not being carried out as repetition of past accidents indicates that no
control measures have been taken for prevention of incidents to reoccur and obviously
data is insufficient to find out trends and patterns. Repeated Accident also prove poor
performance as incident investigation leading to corrective actions are not evident.

Question 10 (a) (ii)

1.Risk assessment is not proportionate to the level of risk and failed in incident
prevention. Inspector found it very general as these do not reflect the actual risks in the
 warehouse so not meeting criteria of suitable and sufficient. As vulnerable person is
present like young drivers in scenario so specific risk assessment need to be carried out.

2.It looks like that risk assessments were not reviewed or updated following accidents in
past as it is evident that the accident is repeated so adequate controls are not identified
or implemented or maintained.

Question 10 (a) (iii)

1. There is no evidence in scenario regarding presence of procedures for proper stacking

and storage, safe movement, and safe driving. Formal Reporting procedures also looks
missing at workplace. Even if these are present it is not implemented or may be workers
are not trained for these procedures. Disciplinary procedures also not evident from
scenario as no actions found to be taken in past.

2. Driving safety rules are either not available or if available it is not implemented as
driver use mobile while driving with no fear. At workplace it is found that rule breaking is
very common no strict safety rules are present and if present then inadequate
supervision is evident.

Question 10 (a) (iv)

1. As labor inspector issued enforcement notice so that proofs non-compliance with
the legal requirements.
2. Risk assessments are not suitable and sufficient, absence of safety
representative, informal reporting with no records, workers are not properly
trained, in adequate supervision, poor inspection system are all proving non
compliances with legal requirements. Failure to the compliance can cause
prosecution so reasons for non-compliance should be identified and corrected.

Question 10 (b)

KPIs Including Incident rates lost time incidents, and a number of enforcement actions
taken can be used to identify the best stores among 9 local and 100 national stores. The
benchmarking information includes
1. Safety processes like risk assessment, safe system of work, and
2. Safety procedures like reporting procedures, investigating and disciplinary
procedures
that can be analyzed to find what is missing here and help in initiating their best practice
initiatives at this workplace. This process of benchmarking helps in continual
improvement.

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End of examination