Standard code merupakan makanan wajib bagi seorang engineer.

Standard code ini

menjadi dasar acuan engineer baik dalam design, testing, fabrikasi, instalasi, maupun
commisioning. Selain itu juga ada beberapa code yang menjelaskan acuan untuk repair atau
maintenance. Itu semua hanya mempunyai tujuan satu yang ujung-ujungnya untuk safety,
baik yang berdampak terhadap humanity maupun terhadap sistem itu sendiri.

Masing-masing disiplin mempunyai code sendiri. Dasar pengembangannya berdasarkan

pada beberapa kasus kecelakaan sebelumnya. Secara umum standard merupakan sebagai
persyaratan perancangan yang baik dan benar sedangkan code itu sendiri merupakan
produk dari lembaga standard yang disesuaikan dengan disiplin dan ditandai dengan kode-
kode tertentu. Ada beberapa standard yang digunakan oleh engineer antara lain:

1) ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

2) API (American Petroleum Institute)

3) ANSI (American National Standards Institute)

4) ASTM (American Standard Testing and Material)

5) ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)

6) AWS (American Welding Society)

7) NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)

8) NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)

9) JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard)

10) DIN (Deutsches Institute fur Normung)

11) TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association)

12) EJMA (Expansion joint Manufacturers Association) , dll

Adapun beberapa code yang digunakan antara lain:

Code ASME untuk Pressure Vessel dan Boilers:

 ASME Section I. Power Boilers

 ASME Section II. Materials

Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications

Part B: Nonferrous Material Specifications

 Part C: Specifications for Welding, Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals

Part D: Properties

 ASME Section III. Rules for Construction of Nuclear Components

Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Divisions 1 and 2

 Division 1

Subsection NB: Class 1 Components

Subsection NC: Class 2 Components

Subsection ND: Class 3 Components

Subsection NE: Class MC Components

Subsection NF: Supports

Subsection NG: Core Support Structures

Subsection NH: Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service

 Division 2. Code for Concrete Containments

 Division 3. Containment Systems for Storage and Transport Packaging of Spent

Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Materials and Waste

 ASME Section IV. Heating Boilers

 ASME Section V. Nondestructive Examination

 ASME Section VI. Recommended Rules for Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

 ASME Section VII. Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

 ASME Section VIII. Pressure Vessels

 Division 1. Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

 Division 2. Alternative Rules

 Division 3. Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels

 ASME Section IX. Welding and Brazing Qualifications

 ASME Section X. Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

 ASME Section XI. Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

Code ASME Untuk Piping & Pipeline:

 ASME B31.1, Power Piping

 ASME B31.3, Process Piping

 ASME B31.4, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other
Liquids

 ASME B31.5, Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components

 ASME B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

 ASME B31.8S, Managing System Integrity of Gas Pipeline

 ASME B31.9, Building Services Piping

 ASME B31.11, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems

 ASME B31G-1991, Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded

Pipelines

Code API antara lain:

American Petroleum Institute atau API adalah suatu organisasi perkumpulan dari berbagai
macam industri di Amerika Serikat yang bergerak dibidang minyak bumi dan gas alam. API
pada sat ini sudah mendistribusikan lebih dari 200,000 buah technical standard ke seluruh
dunia.

Adapun tujuan dari standard tersebut adalah membantu para penggunanya dalam usaha
meningkatkan efisiensi dan penghematan didalam pengoperasian usaha mereka, dengan
tetap mengacu kepada peraturan perundang-undangan, menjaga keselamatan dan
kesehatan masyarakat serta tak lupa menjaga kelestarian lingkungan.

Disamping menghasilkan standard, code dan petunjuk pelaksanaan yang berhubungan

dengan piping, tank, vessels, dan equipments di industri minyak dan gas, API juga
memberikan petunjuk mengenai hal-hal tenatng perawatan (maintenance), inspeksi bagi
peralatan yang sedang bekerja, mengeevaluasi komponen yang sedang mengalami
penurunan kemampuan, juga disebut dengan istilah “fitness-for-service” atau “fitness-for-
purpose”.
Walaupun diakui bahwa kebanyakan dokumen yang dihasilkan oleh API adalah untuk
konsumsi di bidang industri perminyakan dan gas alam, tetapi banyak juga standard API
yang relevan dan bisa digunakan untuk industri petrokimia secara umum.

API Spec. 5L Line Pipe

API Spec. 6D Pipeline Valves

API Spec. 6FA Fire Test for Valves

API Spec. 12D Field Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids

API Spec. 12F Shop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids

API Spec. 12J Oil and Gas Separators

API Spec. 12K Indirect Type Oil Field Heaters

API Spec. 12L Specification for Vertical and Horizontal Emulsion Treaters

API Spec. 12P Specification for Fibreglass Reinforced Plastic Tanks

API Std. 510 Pressure Vessel Inspection Code

API Std. 526 Flanged Steel Safety – Relief Valves

API Std. 527 Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves

API Std. 594 Wafer and Wafer-Lug Check Valves

API Std. 598 Valve Inspection and Testing

API Std. 599 Metal Plug Valves – Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends

API Std. 600 Steel Gate Valves – Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends

API Std. 602 Compact Steel Gate Valves – Flanged Threaded, Welding, and Extended-Body
Ends

API Std. 603 Class 150, Cast, Corrosion-Resistant, Flanged-End Gate Valves

API Std. 607 Fire Test for Soft-Seated Quarter-Turn Valves

API Std. 608 Metal Ball Valves – Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends

API Std. 609 Lug – and Wafer – Type Butterfly Valves

API Std. 610 Centrifugal Pumps For Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical and Gas Industry
Services

API Std. 611 General Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Services

API Std. 612 Special Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Services

API Std. 613 Special Purpose Gear Units for Refinery Services

API Std. 614 Lubrication, Shaft-Sealing and Control Oil Systems for Special Purpose
Application

API Std. 615 Sound Control of Mechanical Equipment for Refinery Services

API Std. 616 Gas Turbines for Refinery Services

API Std. 617 Centrifugal Compressors for General Refinery Services

API Std. 618 Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Services

API Std. 619 Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for General Refinery Services

API Std. 620 Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tanks

API Std. 630 Tube and Header Dimensions for Fired Heaters for Refinery Service

API Std. 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

API Std. 660 Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service

API Std. 661 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service

API Std. 670 Vibrations, Axial Position, and Bearing-Temperature Monitoring System

API Std. 671 Special Purpose Coupling for Refinery Service

API Std. 674 Positive Displacement Pumps – Reciprocating

API Std. 675 Positive Displacement Pumps – Controlled Volume

API Std. 676 Positive Displacement Pumps – Rotary

API Std. 677 General Purpose Gear Units for Refineries Services

API Std. 678 Accelerometer-Base Vibration Monitoring System

API Std. 1104 Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities

API Std. 2000 Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks – Non-Refrigerated
and Refrigerated
API Std. 2530 Measurement Standard Chapter 14, Natural Gas

Beberapa API Standard yang sering digunakan oleh Piping Engineering dan disiplin lainnya di
Engineering adalah sebagai berikut:

5L Specification for Line Pipe

5L1 Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe
6D Specification for Pipeline Valves
510 Pressure Vessel Inspection
520 Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in Refineries.
526 Flanged Steel Pressure Relief valves
560 Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service
570 Piping Inspection Code: Inspection, Repair, Alterations, and Rerating of In-service
Piping Systems
571 Conditions Causing Failures
574 Inspection of Piping, Tubing, Valves, and Fittings
577 Welding Inspection
594 Check Valves: Flanged, Lug, Wafer and Buttwelding
598 Valve Inspection and Testing
599 Metal Plug Valves
600 Steel Gate Valves, Flanged, and Butt Welding Ends
602 Compact Steel Gate Valves Flanged, Treaded Wel ding and Extended Body Ends.
603 Corrosion Resistant Gate Valves
606 Compact Steel Gate Valve, Extended Body
607 Testing of Valves – Fire Type-testing Requirement
608 Metal Ball Valves, Flanged and Butt Welding ends.
609 Butterfly Valves: Double Flanged, Lug and Wafer type.
610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries
611 General Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery Service
612 Petroleum, Petrochemical and natural Gas Industries – Steam Turbines – Special
Purpose Applications
616 Gas Turbines for the Petroleum, Chemical, And Gas Industry Services.
617 Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Service Industries.
618 Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industries.
619 Rotary type positive displacement Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas
Industry.
620 Design and Contruction of Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage Tank
650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.
651 Cathodic Protection of Above ground Storage Tank
661 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service.
662 Plate Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services.
674 Positive Displacement Pumps – Reciprocating
675 Positive Displacement Pumps – Controlled Volume
676 Positive Displacement Pumps – Rotary
686 Machinery Installation and Installation Design
 API Refining Documents yang berhubungan dengan dengan Pressure Equipment:

1. API 510: Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: Maintenance, Inspection, Rating, Repair and
Alteration
2. API 530: Fired Heater Tubes
3. API 570: Piping Inspection Code: Inspection, Repair, Alteration, Rerating of In-Service Piping
Systems.
4. API 571: Conditions Casuing Failure
5. API 572: Inspection of Pressure Vessel.
6. API 573: Inspection of Fired Boilers and Heaters.
7. API 574: Inspection of Piping, Tubing, Valves and Fittings.
8. API 575: Inspection of Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks.
9. API 576: Inspection of Pressure Relieving Devices.
10. API 577: Welding Inspections.
11. API 578: Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems.
12. API 579: Fitness-for-Services.
13. API 581: Base Resource Document-Risk Based Inspection.
14. API 582: Recommended Practice and Supplementary Welding Guidelines for The Chemical,
Oil, and Gas Industries.
15. API 598: Valve Inspection and Test.
16. API 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical and Gas Industry Services.
17. API 611: General Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry
Services.
18. API 612: Special Purpose Steam Turbines for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry
services.
19. API 613: Special Purpose Gear Unit for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry services.
20. API 617: Centrifugal Compressors for Petroleum and Gas Industry.
21. API 618: Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas Industry Services.
22. API 619: Rotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical, and Gas
Industry.
23. API 620: Design and Construction of Large, welded, Low Pressure Storage Tank.
24. API 650: Welded Steel Tank for Oil Storage.
25. API 651: Cathodic Protection of Above Ground Storage Tanks.
26. API 652: Lining of Above Ground Petroleum Storage Tanks.
27. API 653: Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction Code.
28. API 674: Positive Displacement Pump – Reciprocating.
29. API 675: Positive Displacement Pump – Controllod Volume.
30. API 676: Positive Displacement Pump – Rotary.
31. API 686: Machinery Installation and Installation Design.
32. API 751: HF Acid
33. API 850: API Standards 620, 650 and 653 Interpretations.
34. API 920: Preventions of Brittle Fracture of Pressure Vessels.
35. API 937: Evaluating Design Criteria for Storage Tanks with Frangible Roof Joints.
36. API 941: Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum
Refineries and Petrocehmical Plants.
37.
38. API 945: Avoiding Environtmental Cracking in Amine Units.
39. API 1107: Pipe Line Maintenance Welding.
40. API 2510: Design and Instruction of LPG Installation.

API Valve Publication:

1. API 589: Fire Test for Evaluation of Valve Stem Packing.

2. API 591: User Acceptance of Refinery Valves.
3. API 594: Wafer Check Valves
4. API 595: Cast Iron Gate Valves
5. API 598: Valve Inspection and Testing
6. API 599: Metal Plug Valves-Flanges and Welding Ends
7. API 600: Steel Gate Valves, Flanges and Butt Welding Ends
8. API 602: Compact Steel Gate Valves
9. API 603: Class 150 Cast Corrosion Resistant Flanged End Gate Valves
10. API 604: Ductile Iron Gate Valves, Flanged Ends
11. API 606: Compact Steel Gate Valve, Extended Body
12. API 607: Fire Test for Soft Seat Quarter Turn Valves
13. API 608: Metal Valves, Flanged and Butt Welding Ends
14. API 609: Butterfly Valves Lug Type and Wafer Type

API Pipeline Transportation Publications::

1. API 5L: Specification for Line Pipe

2. API 5L1: Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe
3. API 6D: Specification of Pipeline Valves
4. API 10E: Application of Cement Lining to Steel Tubular Goods, handling, Installation, and
Joining.
5. API 15HR: Specification for High Pressure Fiberglass Line Pipe.
6. API 15LE: Specification for Polyethylene Line Pipe.
7. API 15LP: Specification for Thermoplastic Line Pipe.
8. API 15LR: Specification for Low Pressure Fiberglass Line Pipe.
9. API 15L4: Recommended Practice Care and Use of Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Line
Pipe.
10. API 1102: Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways.
11. API 1104: Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities.
12. API 1109: Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities.
13. API 1110: Pressure Testing of Liquid Petroleum Pipelines.
14. API 1111: Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon
Pipeline and Riser.
15. API 1113: Developing of Pipeline Supervisory Control Center.
16. API 1114: Design of Soluditon-Minded Undergound Storage Facilities.
17. API 1115: Operation of Solution-Minded Underground Facilities.
18. API 1117: Movement of In-Servie Pipelines.
19. API 1123: development of Public Awareness Program by Hazardoud Liquid Pipeline
Operators.
20. API 1130: Computational Pipeline Monitoring.
21. API 1132: Effects of Oxygenated Fuels and Reformulated Diesel Fuels on Elastomer and
Polymers in Pipeline/Terminal Component.
22. API 1149: Pipeline Variable Uncertainties and Their Effect on Leak Detectability.
23. API 1155: Evaluation Methodology of Software Based Leak Detection Systems.
24. API 1156: Effects of Smooth and Rock Dents on Liquid Petroleum Pipelines.
25. API 1157: Hydrostatic Test Water Treatment and Disposal Operations for Liquid Pipelines
Systems.
26. API 1158: Analysis of DOT Reprotable Incidents for hazardous Liquid Pipelines, 1986 Through
1996.
27. API 1160: Managing System Integrity for Hazardous Liquid Pipelines.
28. API 1161: Guidance Documents for The Qualification of Liquid Pipeline Personnel.
29. API 2200: Repairing Crude Oil, Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Product Pipelines.

API Overpressure Protection Publications:

1. API 11V7: Repair, testing, and Setting Gas Lift Vlaves.

2. API 520: Sizing, selection, and Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in Refineries.
3. API 521: Guide for Pressure Relieving and Depressurizing System.
4. API 526: Flanged Steel Safety Relief Valves.
5. API 527: Seat Tightness of Pressure Relief Valves with Metal-to-Metal Seats.
6. API 2000: Venting Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks. Non-Refrigerated and
Refrigerated.