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    Study Guide Efl 2bcd Lina

    Uploaded by

    Saúl Alejandro Reyes Lopez
    Estudiar

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Study Guide Efl 2bcd Lina

    Uploaded by

    Saúl Alejandro Reyes Lopez
    9 views9 pages
    Estudiar

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Estudiar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views9 pages

    Study Guide Efl 2bcd Lina

    Uploaded by

    Saúl Alejandro Reyes Lopez
    Estudiar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    STUDY GUIDE

    EFL 2-B,C,D

    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE


    We use Present Perfect to talk about completed actions with
    a aonnection to the present, experiences, and actions that
    started in the past and continue into the present.

    POSITIVE FORM
    Start with the subject, add "have" (for I, you, we, they)
    or "has" (for he, she, it), and then add the past participle
    form of the verb. (The verb can be regular or irregular.)
    Example: “I have played soccer.”

    NEGATIVE FORM
    Use "not" after "have" or "has" to form negative sentences.
    Add the past participle form of the verb.
    Example: “She hasn’t finished her lunch yet.”

    QUESTION FORM
    Begin with "have" or "has," add the subject, and then
    add the past participle form of the verb.
    Example: “Have you seen that movie?”
    THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
    DO
    Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
    I sleep early. I don't sleep early. Do I sleep early?
    You sleep early. You don't sleep early. Do you sleep early?
    We sleep early. We don't sleep early. Do we sleep early?
    They sleep early. They don't sleep early. Do they sleep early?

    DOES
    Affirmative (+) Negative (-) Interrogative (?)
    She sleeps early. She doesn't sleep early. Does she sleep early?
    He sleeps early. He doesn't sleep early. Does he sleep early?
    It sleeps early. It doesn't sleep early. Does it sleep early?

    TIME LANGUAGE
    EXPRESSIONS IN USE
    always General truth
    usually
    Habits
    often
    sometimes Timetables/Scheduled events
    seldom/rarely Permanent situations
    never Newspaper headlines
    Telling stories
    everyday
    every year Giving directions
    once/twice a weak Opinions
    PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
    We use Present Continuous to talk about actions
    happening right now or around the present moment.

    POSITIVE FORM
    To make a positive sentence, start with the subject, add the
    appropriate form of "to be" (am, is, are), and then
    add the base form of the verb with -ing.
    Examples: “I am cooking dinner.” “She is playing tennis.”

    NEGATIVE FORM
    For negative sentences, use "not" after the form of "to be"
    (am not, is not, are not), and then
    add the base form of the verb with -ing.
    Examples: “He isn’t sleeping.” “They aren’t watching TV.”

    QUESTION FORM
    To ask a question, begin with the appropriate form of "to be"
    (am, is, are), add the subject, and then
    add the base form of the verb with -ing.
    Examples: “Is she cooking?” “Are you studying for the test?”
    VERB TO BE IN PAST AFFIRMATIVE PAST SIMPLE
    Study the forms of the verb Review the rules for the
    to be in the simple past tense affirmative form of the
    and when to use it. sentences in the simple past
    form.

    Sub+verb in past simple +


    complement
    I went to the movies
    Martha gave her a hug
    My parents danced their
    favorite song

    past simple negative form and questions

    Negative statements about the past .

    Sub + aux did+ not + verb in base form+ complement


    I did not (didn‘t) do my homework.

    Questions about the past: Information questions and yes/no questions.

    wh questions + | aux did+ sub + verb in base form+ complement


    what did you do yesterday? or Did you go to the movies?

    Regular verbs irregular verbs time markers past


    Remember that you have to now these verbs by
    heart, because there are no rules to follow. You
    can use your visual dictionary to study them

    Yesterdat/this morning
    Last
    weekend/week/month/year
    One/two...
    year(s)/days/week(s)/month
    (s) ago
    Days of the week + on
    Ex. My cousin came to my house
    two days ago
    Comparatives and superlatives
    Uses of the comparative adjectives:
    We use comparative adjectives to show change or make comparisons:
    This car is certainly better, but is much more expensive.
    I'm feeling happier now.
    We need a bigger house for the family.

    We use "than" when we want to compare one thing with another:


    Mom is 3 years younger than my dad.
    My current city is bigger than the last one.
    An elephant is way bigger than a rat.

    Form and syllables:


    Adjectives with one syllable: We usually add -er to the adjective:
    Old - Older.
    Clean - Cleaner.
    Slow - Slower.
    If an adjective ends with -e, we add an -r:
    Safe - Safer.
    Nice - Nicer.
    If kind
    an adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we usually double the consonant:
    kindest
    Big - Bigger.
    short
    Hot - Hotter. shorter
    Adjectives with two or more syllables: If it ends in a consonant and -y, we change -y for -i and add
    -er:
    When the adjective has two or more syllables, and
    Noisy - Noisier.
    doesn't end in 'y', use more and most.
    Happy - Happier.
    Easy - Easier.
    Wefamous
    use "more" to make comparative forms for
    more most two-syllable adjective
    famous mostandfamous
    for all three-syllable
    adjectives:
    wonderful
    Beautiful - More beautiful. more wonderful
    Dangerous - More dangerous.
    Stressful - More stressful.
    interesting most interesting
    BETTER OR THE BEST?
    COMPARATIVES & SUPERLATIVES

    COMPARATIVE
    A comparison between two nouns.
    Eg. This dog is bigger than the other.

    SUPERLATIVE
    A comparison of a noun with other nouns in a group.
    Eg. This dog is the biggest.

    HAVE A GO - FILL THE GAPS

    ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE


    brave bravest
    new newer
    tall taller
    kind kindest
    short shorter

    When the adjective has two or more syllables, and


    doesn't end in 'y', use more and most.

    famous more famous most famous


    wonderful more wonderful
    interesting most interesting
    We use the Future Simple for future predictions and intentions. Promises,
    threats, requests, refusals, offers

    POSITIVE NEGAITIVE QUESTION


    I / You / We / They I / You / We / They Will I / you / we / they
    He / She / It will play. He / She / It won’t play. he / she / it play?

    Reflexive pronouns

    imperative sentences
    Future with "be going to" and "will"

    Use be going to + verb for plans you've decided on

    What are you going to do?


    I'm going to go camping and hiking.
    I'm going to travel by myself.

    Use will + verb for possible plans before you've made


    a decision.

    -Will is often accompanied by other words to show the


    possibility or probability (e.g. I guess, maybe, I think,
    probably, I suppose, I expect)

    What are you going to do?


    I'm not sure. I guess I'll just stay home.
    Maybe I'll binge-watch my favorite TV series.

    - We also use will for spontaneous offers and sudden


    decisions.

    I'll help you!


    I'll open the door!
    Modal verbs: can, could, must, should, mustn’t, don’t have to

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