Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
17 views

Reported Speech

Uploaded by

nqhuongw.88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Reported Speech

Uploaded by

nqhuongw.88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Grammar

REPORTED SPEECH

What is “reported speech” ?


How do you think it used for?
Grammar
- We use “reported speech” when we want to say what someone else said

- There are 3 main types of reported speech:


• Statements:
e.g: “ I need a credit card” said Tim. How to make a reported speech?
=> Tim said he needed a credit card.
• Reported questions:
“ Can you give me an ice cream, Tom?” asked Tim.
=> Tim asked Tom whether he could get him an ice cream
• Reported imperatives:
“Please call me, Mary” Tom said => Tom told Mary to call him
Grammar
I. Verb tenses and modal verb change
Direct speech Indirect speech Example

Present Past simple “I need a car” said John => John said he needed a car
simple
Present Past continuous “ I’m taking Marry shopping” said John => John said he was taking
continuous Mary shopping
Present Past perfect “I’ve bought Tom a present” said Tim => Tim said he had bought Tom
perfect simple a present
Past simple Past perfect “I spent six dollars on lunch” said Tim => Tim said he had spent six
simple dollars on lunch.
Past Past perfect “ I was hoping to find a new car” said Tim => Tim said he had been
continuous continuous hoping to a find a new car
Past perfect Past perfect “ I had looked everywhere for my credit card before I found it” said
( No change) Tim => Tim said he had looked everywhere for his credit card before
he had found it”
Grammar I. Verb tenses and modal verb change
Direct Indirect Example
speech speech
Am/is/are Was/ were “I’m going to go swimming” said Tim => Tim said he was going
going to going to to go swimming.
Will Would “I will need a credit card” said Tim => Tim said he would need
a credit card.
Can Could “ I can do this task” said Tim => Tim said he could do this task.
Must/have Had to “I must go to the supermarket” said Tim => Tim said he had to
to go to the supermarket.
may might “I may go shopping later” said Tim => Tim said he might go
shopping bar.
Notes:
- We do not need to change verb tense when we are reporting something true or scientific fact.
e.g: “Most banks can convert VND to Won”, said Lee Min Ho => Lee Min Ho said (that) most banks can convert VND to
Won.
- No change with modal verbs: might, could, would, should, ought to.
Grammar II. Pronoun, determiner change
Direct speech Indirect speech
Pronouns I He/ she
We They
You I, We
Possessive Mine His, hers
pronouns Ours Theirs
Yours Mine, Ours
Possessive My His/ Her
Adjectives Our Their
your My, Our
Object Me Him, her
Us Them
You Me, Us
Grammar
II. Pronoun, determiner change
Direct Indirect Example
speech speech
This/ that + That “ I love this shirt” said Tim => Tim said he loved the/that
noun shirt.
This/ that + It “This is a lovely shirt” said Tim => Tim said it was a lovely
verb shirt.
These/ Those “ I love those shirts” said Tim => Tim said he loved
those + the/those shirts
noun
These/those They “These are lovely shirts” said Tim => Tim said they were
+ verb lovely shirts
Grammar
III. Time and place change
Direct Indirect Example
speech speech
Here There “I usually shop here.” said Tim => Tim said he usually
shopped there.
Now/ at the Then/ at that “I am shopping at the moment” said Tim => Tim said he
moment moment was shopping then/at that moment.
Tomorrow The next/ “ I will go shopping tomorrow.” said Tim => Tim said he
following day would go shopping the next/following day.
Tonight That night “I am going shopping tonight” said Tim => Tim said he was
going shopping that night.
Grammar III. Time and place change
Direct speech Indirect speech Example
Next The following “ I will go shopping next week” said Tim => Tim
week/month/ week/month/year said he would go shopping the following week.
year
Yesterday The day before/ “I went shopping yesterday” said Tim => Tim said
the previous day he had gone shopping the previous day/ the day
before.
Last week/ The week/ month/ “I went shopping last week” said Tim => Tim said
month/ year year before he had gone shopping the previous week/ the
The previous week before.
week/month year
Ago Before/ previously “I went shopping 2 days ago” said Tim => Tim said
he had gone shopping 2 days previously/ before.
Grammar
Reported question.

Direct Indirect speech Example


speech
Yes/ No Use If or whether “Do you have any pencils, Tom?” asked John
Question S + asked (+object) + => John asked Tom if/whether he had any
if/whether + subject + pencils .
V
Wh – S + asked (+Object) + “Why did you buy these shoes?” asked Tim
Question What/When/… + => Tim asked me why I had bought those
Subject +Verb shoes.
Grammar Reported Imperatives
- Positive imperatives:
S + told + O + to-infinitive.
E.g: “Please call me, Mary.” Tom said.
Tom told Mary to call him.
- Negative imperatives:
S + told + O + not + to-infinitive.
E.g: “Don’t eat in bus!” the driver said.
The driver told us not to eat in bus.
The driver warned/commanded us not to eat in bus
Notes: Some reporting verbs in Reported imperatives:
tell, ask, order, advise, warn, beg, command, remind, instruct….
Grammar Reported Conditionals
- Conditional Zero: No change in verb tense.
E.g: “If you pour hot water into ice, it melts.” Tom said.
Tom said that if I pour hot water into ice, it melts.
- Conditional 1: Changes in verb tense. Same rules as statement.
E.g: He said, "If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”
-> He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the
world.
- Conditional 2,3: No change in verb tense.
E.g: ”If I had two wings, I would fly everywhere", he said
-> He said (that) if he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.

You might also like