Dr. Reynaldo S. Pineda Jr.

 Public Schools District Supervisor (DepEd Manila)

• International Education Consultant (Italy and Greece)
• DIRECTOR – Research and Continuing Education
• Published International Research Paper/ Author /
Researcher
• International Research Presenter
• International Moderator in the conference
• Subject Group Head-Humanities, Social Science &
Languages
• Module / Language Validator (DepEd Manila)
• Dissertation ad Thesis Adviser/Panelist
• Resource Person / Facilitator / Trainer in the faculty
development seminars.
• Consultant for Division Demonstration Lesson in English
• Former Master Teacher-II in English and School Research Chairman
• 27years in academe
• 8 years in the graduate school
Developmental Psychology

DR. REYNALDO S. PINEDA JR.

PROFESSOR
Student Outcomes
 Student should explain various psychological developmental processes across
the human life span with reference to identifiable stages and attendant features.

 Student should Identify the issues, problems, crises and unique challenges
associated with each stage and discussed with reference to understanding of
others and implications for service delivery within health care.

 Student should discuss various stages of development in relation to own stage

of development and the likely impact on understanding of and empathy towards
health care users.
 Student should explore different in theoretical approaches for their usefulness in
explaining and contributing towards an understanding of psychological
development in a variety of contexts.
What is developmental Psychology?

Developmental psychology is the study of human development

over the entire lifespan, from conception to death. • Much more
than the observable aspects.
• Underlying processes.
• Meaningful stages.
• Factors that influences development.
Underlying processes of development

1) Maturation, growth and ageing.

2) Increase in complexity: differentiation and integration.
3) Learning.
4) Socialization.
5) Interaction between various processes.
Underlying process of development:
1) Maturation, growth and ageing.
• Genetic factors.
• Maturation: normal development of the body.
• Body and organ changes takes place in an orderly pattern.
• Divided into sub processes: Growth and ageing.
• Growth is dominant and more observable during the first 18-
20 years of an individual’s life.
• Ageing (decay) already begins while growth takes place.
• Examples of maturation:
• Motor skills (standing, walking), appearance of teeth,
proportions of children’s bodies, puberty and menopause,
greying of hair and baldness, eye sight.
1) Maturation, growth and ageing.
• Developmental trends related to maturation process are
the proximodistal and cephalocaudal trends of
development.
• The proximodistal trend is the tendency for more general
functions of limbs to develop before more specific or fine
motor skills. It comes from the Latin words proxim- which
means "close" and "-dis-" meaning "away from", because
 the trend essentially describes a path from the center
outward.
• The cephalocaudal trend is also the trend of infants
learning to use their upper limbs before their lower limbs.
Underlying processes of development:
1) Maturation, growth and ageing.

Proximodistal: From center of the body to the extremities

Cephalocaudal: From head to toe
Underlying processes of development:
1) Maturation, growth and ageing.
• Critical period: is a maturational stage in the lifespan of an
organism during which the nervous system is especially
sensitive to certain environmental stimuli.
• Optimal period: when specific behaviour develops most
successfully.
Underlying processes of development:
1) Maturation, growth and ageing.
• Critical period: EXAMPLES
• Early visual experience is essential for typical
development of visual processing. If visual experiences
are blocked during the critical period of visual
development, the brain reorganizes visual-processing.
• Learning foreign languages. Infants and young children
readily learn multiple languages with native-level
proficiency. However, starting around puberty, this
ability to learn a new language rapidly declines, with
many people unable to ever reach native fluency. As a
person learns one language, it becomes difficult to learn
another because of interference between the
languages.
• For example, the embryonic stage in humans is a critical
period for certain types of growth (such as the
 appearance of the heart, eyes, ears, hands, and feet)
which must occur for prenatal development to proceed
normally.

Underlying processes of development:

2) Increase in complexity: Differentiation and Integration.
• Differentiation is the different words that a child might
learn.
• Integration generally means combining parts so that they
work together or form a whole. In information
technology, there are several common usages.
• Integration during product development is a process in
which separately produced components or subsystems
are combined and problems in their interactions are
addressed.
• The two processes occur simultaneously.
Underlying processes of development:
3) Learning
• Plays a very important role in human development.
Can be distinguished:
• Learning by association or classical conditioning:
Associative learning is the process by which an
association between two stimuli or a behavior and a
stimulus is learned. The two forms of associative
learning are classical and operant conditioning.
• Instrumental or operant conditioning: learning in
which a particular response is elicited by a stimulus
because that response produces desirable
consequences (reward). It differs from classical
conditioning in that the reinforcement takes place
only after the subject performs a specific act that
has been previously designated. If no unconditioned
stimulus is used to bring about this act, the desired
behavior is known as an operant. Once the behavior
occurs with regularity the behavior may be called a
conditioned response.
Underlying processes of development:
3) Learning
• Observation and imitation:
Underlying processes of development:
3) Learning
• Transfer of information
 • By language or some means of communication.

• Formal teaching

• Increasingly important.

Underlying processes of development:

4) Socialization
 • Socialization, is a term used by sociologists, social
psychologists, anthropologists, political scientists,
and educationalists to refer to the lifelong process
of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs,
values and ideologies, providing an individual with
the skills and habits necessary .

Underlying processes of development:

5) Interaction between various processes

• Processes are all related.

Stages of the lifespan

PRENATAL STAGE
(germinal, embryonic
and fatal period)
 Late adulthood NEONATAL STAGE
60 - death (1st 2-4 weeks of the
infancy subsequent 2
years)

EARLY AND EARLY

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
ADULTHOOD 2-6 years of age
20-60

MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
ADOLESCENCE 6 beginning of puberty
Puberty - adulthood

Areas of development
 Physical development
 Cognitive development
 Personality development
 Social development
Physical development is defined as the growth of the body and

its parts, including muscle and motor development. Gross

motor skills refer to skills that use larger muscles in the body to

jump, ski, ride a bike, or dance.

Periods of Human Development

  Prenatal Development.
 Infancy and Toddlerhood.
 Early Childhood.
 Middle Childhood.
 Adolescence.
 Early Adulthood.
 Middle Adulthood.
 Late Adulthood.

Cognitive development means how children think, explore and

figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills,
problem solving and dispositions, which help children to think
about and understand the world around them. Brain
development is part of cognitive development.

Cognitive learning is a style of learning that focuses on more

effective use of the brain. To understand the process, it's
important to know the meaning of cognition. Cognition is the
mental process of gaining knowledge and understanding
through the senses, experience and thought.Mar
Why is cognitive development important?
Cognitive development is the process of making new
connections in your brain and learning how to think in different
ways. It's important for kids because it helps them understand
the world around them and figure out how they fit into it. It also
sets the foundation for later success in school and in life.

Why are cognitive skills important for students?

Cognitive thinking skills are the
mental processes that allow us to
perceive, understand, and analyze
information. These skills
are essential for problem-solving,
decision-making, and critical
thinking. Fortunately, cognitive
thinking skills can be learned and
developed
Personality development refers to the process by which the

organized thought and behavior patterns that make up a

person's unique personality emerge over time. Many factors

influence personality, including genetics and environment,

how we were parented, and societal variables.with practice

and training.
Personality development important why?

Personality development is important because it helps you to

live your life in a better way. It builds confidence in you, help

you to look your life in a positive way, creates positive energy

within you, improves your health, improves your skills,

decreases your stress, and make you a more pleasing

personality.
Social development is about improving the well-being of every

individual in society so they can reach their full potential. The

success of society is linked to the well-being of each and every

citizen. Social development means investing in people.

What is importance of social development?

Social development in early childhood is a critical aspect of a

child's growth and well-being. It lays the foundation for future

success in life and helps children build strong relationships,

communicate effectively, and navigate the social world around

them.
Factors that determine development •
 Genetic determinants
 Constitutional determinants
 Environmental determinants
 Personal determinants
THANK YOU
  Activity: HOW DOES THESE FACTORS
INFLUENCE OR DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT OF
AN INDIVIDUAL?

References • Read more:

Critical Period - Feral Children, Term, and Imprinting
- JRank Articles
http://psychology.jrank.org/pages/157/Critical-P • -
Marijose- PPP Template