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Excel Project Notes

Q) What is a spreadsheet?

A spreadsheet is a grid of rows and columns also called as a worksheet. We can calculate manipulate
and analyze data present in the spreadsheet.

Spreadsheet programs and applications

Spreadsheet programs are developed to automate tasks such as technical calculations, inferential
statistics and analyzing data. They also have a powerful program for graphical preparation of
numerical data.

They are commonly used in the following areas: -

Production planning

Personnel management

Marketing

Accounting Etc.

Q) How many types of formula

1) Text formula
It uses text and hence it is called a text formula. it may contain a text operator ampersand
(&) for e.g. &A1

2) Numeric formula
They contain arithmetic operators like +,-,*,/,^,or %
For E.g. = A1+B1

3) Logical formula
They contain Comparison operators like <,>, <=, >=, <>.
For E.g. = A1<25

Q) How many types of operators?

Operators are used to specify a operation, (such as addition, subtraction, or multiplication) to be

performed on elements of a formula. There are basically 3 types of operators:-

1) Arithmetic operators
Perform basic mathematical operations, combine numeric values and produce numeric
results. The mathematical operators are:-
Operator Meaning
+ Addition
Some operators act on2 Values; others act on one. For e.g. - Subtraction
the formula = 5+2 contains the addition operator, which requires 2 / Division
or more values. Whereas the formula = 3% uses the percentage * Multiplication
operator, which requires only one; the percentage operator divides % Percent
3by 100 to produce the value 0.03. ^ Exponentiation
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2) Comparison Operators

They compare 2 values and produce the logical value TRUE or FALSE.

Operato Meaning
r
= Equal
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or Equal to
<= Less than or Equal to
<> Not Equal to
Example:- the formula =A1<25 produces the logical value TRUE if Cell A1 Contains a value
less than 25, otherwise the formula produces the logical value FALSE.

3) Text Operators
Joins 2 or more text value to produce a single combined text value.

For example if cell A1 contains he text “First Quarter 1994” the formula = “total sales for” &
A1 Produces the value “Total sales for First Quarter 1994”

Q) How many types of Function Categories

There are 12 types of function categories,
1) Mathematical
2) Statistical
3) Financial
4) Date & Time
5) Logical
6) Text
7) lookup & Reference
8) database
9) information
10) Engineering
11) cube
12) compatibility

1) Mathematical
Mathematical function such us the following are used to calculate general, matrix and
trigonometric values.

Cel Contents
l
A1 12
A2 -92
A3 45
A4 12.55
A5 49
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Function Results Value

=ABS(A2) 90
=PRODUCT(A1,A3) 540
=ROUND(A4,0) 13
=ROUNDDOWN(A4,1 12.50
)
=ROUNDUP(A4,1) 12.60
=SQRT(A5) 7
=QUOTIENT(A1,A5) 3

2) Statistical Function

Cel Contents
l
A1 89
A2 65
A3 84
A4 105
A5 49
Function Results Value
=Average(A1:A5) 88.75
=Count(A1:A5) 5
=Max(A1:A5) 105
=MIN(A1:A5) 65
=COUNTBLANK(A1:B5) 5

3) Date and Time Functions

Function Result
=Now() 1/April/2020 11:12
=Today() 1/04/20
=days360(“start date”, “End date”) 18 year
Note that the format of the date displayed in the “Result” Column of the above table is
mm/dd/yy.

4) Logical function
Logicalfunctions are used to perform tests to determine if a condition is true. Following
are the logical function along with an example and its results.
A B C D E F G H I
1 SALARY SHEET OF STATE BANK OF INDIA
2 Name Basic TA DA Incentive Salary Tax Net Salary Rank
3 Bikash 6700 335 603 400 8038 0 8038 Customer Executive
4 Sikha 5689 284 512 400 6885.46 0 6885.46 LDA
5 Gautam 1020 510 918 400 12028 24 11306.32 Technical assistant
0
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6 Shamik 1100 550 990 400 12940 24 12163.6 Officer

Example:-

In a salary sheet of a bank, there are few conditions are there

 Basic - start from Rs 5500

 TA - 5% of basic  formula =B3*5/100
 DA - 9% of basic  Formula =B3*9/100
 Incentive - Rs 400 for all stuff
 Salary - basic+TA+DA+Incentive Formula =B3+C3+D3+E3
 Tax - Formula =if(f3>=10000,f3*6/100,0)
 Net salary - Salary-Tax Formula =F3-G3
 Rank - formula =if(H3>=12000,”Officer” ,if(H3>=10000, ”Technical
assistant” ,if(H3>=8000, ”customer Executive” , “LDA” ) ) )

5) Text Functions
Text functions are used to convert, parse and manipulate text string. Some of the text
functions are as follows:-

Function Returns
Concatenate(text1, text2,….) Joins several text items one text item
Exact(tex1,text2) True or false depending on likeness of 2 text
strings.
Find(Find_txt,within_txt,start_number) Position of matching text, case sensitive.
Len(Text) The Number of chars (including spaces) in text.
Right(text,n) Rightmost ‘n’ characters from a text.
Left(text,n) Leftmost ‘n’ characters from a text.
Upper(text) Text in capital letters
Lower(Text) Text in small letters.
Rept(Text, num) Text repeated specified no. of times.

Text Functions (Examples)

Example Result
=Concatenate(“Riyanan” , ”Sarmah”) Riyanansarmah
=Exact(“84866” , “84861”) false
=FIND(E6,F6) 1
=Len(“length”) 6
=Right(“Ramesh” , “2”) sh
=Left(“Ramesh” , “2”) ra
=Upper(“Ramesh”) RAMESH
=Lower(“RAMESH”) ramesh
=REPT("RAM","12") RAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAM
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1) How to excel open

Ans: Start click ---All program click----Microsoft office click----Microsoft office word click to open

Short key: Win + R = Excel

Mark sheet

Total Marks Formula

All subject: =SUM(E5:E10)

4TH Subject: =SUM(E5,E6,E7,E9,E10)

Percent formula

All subject: =Average(E5:E10)

4TH Subject: =Average(E5,E6,E7,E9,E10)

Grades Formula:

=IF(G5>=90,"A+",IF(G5>=80,"A",IF(G5>=70,"B",IF(G5>=60,"C",IF(G5>=50,"D",IF(G5>=30,"Normal
Passed”,IF(G5<30,"Faild")))))))
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Division Formula
=IF(G5>=95,"Stand",IF(G5>=85,"DSTN",IF(G5>=75,"Star",IF(G5>=60,"1st",IF(G5>=45,"2nd",IF(G5>=30
,"3rd",IF(G5<30,"Faild")))))))

Excel Formatting
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