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Modul Icop Noise

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INDUSTRY CODE OF PRACTICE (ICOP)

MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL NOISE


EXPOSURE AND HEARING CONSERVATION
2019
SCOPE

• Content of ICOP for Management Of Occupational Noise


Exposure And Hearing Conservation 2019
• General Principles
• Hearing Conservation Program
• Roles of Designers, Manufacturers, Importers, Suppliers of
Plant
2
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

Occupational Safety
& Health (Noise
Exposure)
Regulations 2019
ICOP for Management
of Occupational Noise
Exposure & Hearing
Conservation
2019

3
HCP Flowchart

4
CONTENT OF ICOP FOR MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL
NOISE EXPOSURE AND HEARING CONSERVATION 2019
1 : Objectives • Appendix 1: Noise Hazard Identification Checklists
2 : Scope of Application • Appendix 2: Guidelines On Noise Risk Assessment
Report Writing
3 : Definitions
• Appendix 3: Audiometric Testing Flow Chart
4 : General Principles • Appendix 4: Questionnaire Form For Audiometric
5 : Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) Testing
6 : Identification of Excessive Noise • Appendix 5: Guidance Note For Occupational Noise-
7 : Noise Risk Assessment related Hearing Disorders
8: Reduction of Excessive Noise • Appendix 6: Report For Occupational
9 : Engineering Control Diseases/Poisonings
• Appendix 7: Notification Of Occupational Noise
10 : Administrative Control
Related Hearing Disorders At Baseline Audiometric
11 : Hearing Protection Testing And Repeated Cases
12 : Information, Instruction And Training • Appendix 8: Guidance For Designers, Manufacturers,
13 : Audiometric Testing Importers And Suppliers On The Presentation Of
14 : Registration Information About Noise Levels Generated By Plant
15: Duties • Appendix 9: Noise Risk Assessment Summary Report
5
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Strategies Consultation
• The most effective approach for • Consultation & cooperation between
controlling noise exposure is through employers & employees are essential
the reduction of noise at source. for effective implementation of this
ICOP.
• A comprehensive approach comprising
• The safety & health committees or
risk identification, equipment & job employees representatives shall
redesign, training & education shall be
adopted to effectively manage the risk • Review all existing processes
involving exposure to excessive
of occupational noise related hearing
noise.
disorder (ONRHD) and other noise-
related health effects. • Participate in the development of
systematic programs of equipment
and job redesign.
6
GENERAL PRINCIPLES : EMPLOYERS' RESPONSIBILITIES

• Employers shall ensure that─


a) statutory requirements are complied with;
b) a noise control plan & program of action are developed;
c) all levels of management & employees are aware of the control measures to reduce
exposure to noise;
d) all employees cooperate in using agreed safe work practices;
e) information on noise, the risks of exposure to noise & the appropriate control measures are
disseminated in a manner appropriate to the place of work;
f) a comprehensive personal hearing protection program is implemented; and
g) employees receive appropriate training & education when it is required.

• Employers shall recognize the role of Hearing Conservation Administrator (HCA) in the
management of noise and the protection of hearing at work. 7
GENERAL PRINCIPLES : EMPLOYEES’ RESPONSIBILITIES

• Comply with all statutory requirements and work procedures


• Cooperate with employer in all activities related to protection of hearing &
prevention of ONRHD.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES :
RESPOSIBILITIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS,
IMPORTERS AND SUPPLIERS OF PLANT
• Ensure that plant is designed & constructed so that its noise emission is as low as
practicable when properly installed and used.
• Where necessary, research & development work shall be carried out to reduce noise
emission. 8
HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM (HCP)
• A program structured to the specific needs of the organisation to prevent
ONRHD.
• Objective of the HCP is to minimise the risk associated with excessive noise
exposure & to prevent ONRHD.
• Commitment by the management and active involvement by employees are
critical for the success of the HCP.
• Employer shall appoint a HCA to assist the employer in implementing the HCP.
• The HCP shall be reviewed once a year to ensure its effectiveness.
9
COMPONENT OF HCP
Noise Information, Record
Noise risk Audiometric
reduction instruction &
assessment testing keeping
measures training

Engineering Conducted Establish proper


Identify noisy areas All employees shall be
Control annually for all recordkeeping to
workers exposed provided with
document HCP
to NEL information & training
activities
about the importance
of protecting their
Administrative
hearing
Control
Identify workers
exposed to
excessive noise
Personal hearing
protectors
10
IDENTIFICATION OF EXCESSIVE NOISE

• Employer shall identify whether his employee may be exposed to excessive


noise in the place of work in the manner as determine by DG - Regulation 3 (1)

Excessive Noise means the Sound Pressure Level exceeding:-


• Lex : 82 dB(A) or
• Daily Personal Noise Dose : 50% or
• Maximum SPL : 115 dB(A) at any time or
• Peak SPL : 140dB(C)

• Employer shall conduct identification of excessive noise for each area in the
workplace by nature of activities/work process using checklist provided in
Appendix 1.
11
APPENDIX 1 : NOISE HAZARD IDENTIFICATION CHECKLIST

12
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

IDENTIFICATION OF EXCESSIVE NOISE – ICOP

o When it has been identified that excessive noise exists in the place of work, noise risk
assessment shall be conducted.
o The employer shall re-identify excessive noise, if there has been a change in the
machinery, equipment, process, work, control measures or operation, in which any
employee may be exposed to excessive noise.
o After the result of re-identification indicates possibility of excessive noise, employer
shall conduct noise risk assessment.
o If the identification result shows no exposure to excessive noise, employer shall re-
identify excessive noise not more than one year since the last identification of
excessive noise.
13
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT
Re-identify :
§ if there has been a change in the machinery, equipment, process,
Possibility of No work, control measures or operation.
excessive noise § not more than one (1) year since the last identification of excessive
noise (if previous result show no possibility of excessive noise)
Yes § if directed by the Director General

Appoint a noise risk assessor (NRA) who is registered with the Director General
Noise Risk (DG) within one (1) month of the identification of excessive noise.
Assessment Review:
§ not more than five (5) years from the date of the previous noise risk
assessment.
§ if directed by the DG.

Report of Noise Risk Shall be kept at or near the Format of report in


Assessment premises to which they apply Appendix 2 of ICOP 14
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT

15
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT

16
APPENDIX 2 : GUIDELINES ON NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT WRITING

17
APPENDIX 2 : GUIDELINES ON NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT WRITING (ICOP)

18
APPENDIX 2 : GUIDELINES ON NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT WRITING (ICOP)

19
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Noise Measuring Equipment

o The noise measuring equipment shall comply with the standard


determined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

o The compliance of the noise measuring equipment with the


requirements of IEC 61672-1, IEC 61252 and other relevant standards
shall be verified at intervals not exceeding 12 months by accredited
laboratory or manufacturer.

20
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Noise Measuring Equipment
Sound level meter Noise dosimeter Sound calibrator
• The sound calibrator shall meet the requirements
• Measurement shall be made by specified in IEC 60942, class 1.
integrating-averaging SLM & • Noise dosimeter including the
• Field calibration shall be performed before & after
noise dosimeter. microphone & associated
monitoring with a sound calibrator at a quiet
cable, shall meet the
• SLM including the microphone location as follows─
requirement specified in IEC
& associated cables, shall meet üAt the start of each noise monitoring, a field
61252.
the requirement for IEC 61672- calibration with appropriate adjustments shall be
1, class 1 or class 2 performed;
instrumentation.
üAt the end of the noise monitoring, a field
calibration without adjustment shall be
performed;
üIf the reading at any frequency at the end of the
noise monitoring differs from the reading of that
frequency at the beginning by more than 0.5 dB,
the results shall be discarded; and
üNRA shall record field calibration reading of 21

dosimeter and SLM


NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Methodology
Area Monitoring Personal Monitoring
To measure the worker’s exposure to noise during
Determining noise sources Similar Expose
Groups (SEG) :
his entire work shift. . Every employee who may
grouping be exposed to excessive noise must be included.
employees who
have similar noise
exposure (e.g.,
Classifying of SEG
perform the same
tasks, have similar The most exposed employee from each SEG
job functions, or
work in the same
should be selected for personal monitoring
area) based on the following selection criteria:
i. work directly with the noise source (tools,
Noise mapping (zoning) machinery, etc);
ii. work near or pass through areas with noise
exposure;
iii. work in noise area for a long period of time;
22
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Area Monitoring Methodology


1. Determining noise sources 2. Noise mapping
• Sources of noise levels must be monitored & recorded. • Noise mapping is an important aid to visualize the work
Measurement of noise source levels ensures the locations & noise exposure levels on a general layout plan
priority for noise controls. Majority of the noisy of the workplace.
machines generate noise similar to the patterns.
• The NRA shall measure the average sound pressure level
• NRA shall record the noise levels in accordance with by spot measurements of each machine & include the
the recommended sampling method. measurements in the final report.
• It is recommended that noise levels be measured at • Noise mapping can be prepared by demarcating the
different times during the task or at different areas workplace in the form of colour zone
having the same machine type or model to ensure that
the variation in noise levels is captured.
• If it is not possible to follow the recommended
sampling method, the NRA shall verify his method &
justification shall be included as part of the Noise Risk
Assessment Report.
23
Type of Noise

24
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Personal Monitoring
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Methodology
Noise dosimeter must be set up Position of microphone
• Noise dosimeter must be set up as follows─ • The microphone of dosimeter shall be mounted on
the top of the shoulder at a distance of at least 0.1 m
1) Criterion Level: Lc= 85 dB(A);
from the entrance of the external ear canal at the
2) Threshold Level: Lt = 80 dB(A); side of the most exposed ear & shall be
approximately 0.04 m above the shoulder.
3) Exchange Rate: q = 3 dB;
4) Time Constant = “Slow”. • The microphone & the cable shall be fastened in such
a way that mechanical influence or covering by
clothing do not lead to false results.

25
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Personal Monitoring
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Methodology
Validity of the measurements Main sources of uncertainty
• Measurement must reflect the normal operation of • The main sources of uncertainty in the result are─
the work process: i.e. all types of noise present
§ Variation in the daily work, operating
during normal operation must be included over the conditions, uncertainty in sampling, etc.;
entire working shift. Measurement must be taken
for full period of working hours. § Instrumentation and calibration;
• The validity of the measurements shall be checked § Microphone position;
by one or more of the following actions─ § False contributions for instance from
§ Interviewing supervisor & workers; wind, airflows or impact on the
microphone and the microphone rubbing
§ Taking spot measurement to verify the levels on clothing;
measured using noise dosimeter;
§ Contributions from non-typical noise
§ An examination of the noise dosimeter log sources, speech, music (radio), alarm
(time history) at the end of shift.
signals and non-typical behavior. 26
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Calculation
• Daily noise exposure level for the effective • Daily personal noise dose can be
duration of the working day can be calculated calculated using the following formula:
using the formula below:

where;
§ LeqTe is the A-weighted equivalent continuous
sound pressure level for the effective duration
of the working day;
§ Te is the effective duration of the working day;
§ T0 is the reference duration, T0 = 8 hour;
27
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Calculation
Example: Scenario A
• Working hours: 10 hours Morning and tea breaks are taken at location
• Morning break: 20 minute within the workplace while lunch is taken at a
• Lunch break: 45 minute fixed time outside the workplace. The
• Tea break: 20 minute measurement is not taken during lunch break.

Answer:
From the monitoring conducted, worker was
• Effective duration of the working days
exposed to noise at 87 dB(A) measured by Te = 10 hours – 45 minutes = 9.25 hours
noise dosimeter.
• LEX,8h = 87 dB(A) + 10 log (9.25/8) dB(A)
= 87.6 dB(A)
Determine the effective duration, Te for
each scenario given, then calculate the daily • Dose = 100 x (9.25/8) x 10 (87-85)/10
noise exposure level, LEX and daily personal = 183.3 %
28
noise dose.
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Calculation
Scenario C
Scenario B
Morning breaks, tea breaks and lunch are taken at
Morning breaks, tea breaks and lunch are taken
location within the workplace. The worker lunch
at location within the workplace. There is no
at canteen which situated in different building
designated area at the workplace for lunch. The
away from noise from the production area. The
measurement is taken during lunch time.
measurement is not taken during lunch time.
Answer:
Answer:
• Effective duration of the working days
• Effective duration of the working days
Te = 10 hours
Te = 10 hours – 45 minutes = 9.25 hours
• LEX,8h = 87 dB(A) + 10 log (10/8) dB(A)
• LEX,8h = 87 dB(A) + 10 log (9.25/8) dB(A)
= 88 dB(A)
= 87.6 dB(A)
• Dose = 100 x (10/8) x 10 (87-85)/10
• Dose = 100 x (9.25/8) x 10 (87-85)/10
= 198.1 %
= 183.3 % 29
NOISE RISK ASSESSMENT : Noise Risk Evaluation

o The process of evaluating noise risks shall include the result of noise exposure
measurement, the sources of noise & the circumstances under which the risks occur.

o Noise risk evaluations is done by comparing the personal monitoring result to the
NEL as stipulated in the Occupational Safety and Health (Noise Exposure) Regulations
2019.

o Evaluation of risks shall consider alternative processes, equipment, or working


methods which would reduce the noise exposure or duration of exposure, current
good practice or the standard for noise control within industry.

o Findings of noise risk assessment shall be recorded. 30


REDUCTION OF EXCESSIVE NOISE

• If exposed to an excessive noise exceeding NEL, the employer shall take


such measures to reduce the excessive noise.

Employer shall ensure, nobody is allowed to be exposed :-


• Daily Noise Exposure Level > 85dB(A) or Daily Personal Noise
Dose > 100%
• Maximum SPL > 115dB(A) at any time
• Peak SPL > 140dB(C)

31
Engineering
Control
REDUCTION OF EXCESSIVE NOISE

• No standard single technique or solution that is appropriate for every


situation. Good understanding of plant operations & work processes is
necessary to determine the most effective method of eliminating, minimizing
or controlling the noise.
• The employer should make an assessment whether the measure is practicable
to reduce excessive noise by way of engineering control or administrative
control & prepare a justification report.
• The report should consider the following factors:
• the scale of the noise problem & its impact on the business (including workers);
• cost & effort required to reduce noise exposure;
• effectiveness of planned control measures;
• the number of individuals who would benefit from those control measures.
33
EXAMPLE OF NOISE CONTROL PRACTICABILITY ASSESSMENT
REPORT

34
EXAMPLE OF NOISE CONTROL PRACTICABILITY ASSESSMENT
REPORT

35
NOISE CONTROL: Concept & Basic Principle

• Noise control efforts should be approached according to the


hierarchy of control strategies:

source path receiver

• The best way to reduce is to tackle the problem at the source.


• Reduction at path would generally involve adding barriers or
enclosing the equipment, but may also involve adding sound-
absorbent materials.
• Reduction at receiver is achieved by either removing the employee
from the sound field, limiting his working time in the area, or through
36

the use of PHP.


ENGINEERING CONTROL - NEW PLANT & PLACES OF WORK

• The purchase of new plant, the design of the area in which it is to be installed & the
design of new place of works generally, will provide opportunities for cost-effective
noise control measures.
• The maximum acceptable level of noise shall be specified in invitation tender.
Without tender, noise level information shall be obtained from suppliers.
• New places of work and installation sites for new plant in existing places of work,
shall be designed and constructed to ensure that exposure to noise is as low as
practicable.
• If new plant is likely to expose workers to excessive noise, design features shall
incorporate effective engineering control measures to reduce noise to level as low as
practicable.
37
ENGINEERING CONTROL - EXISTING PLANT & PLACES OF WORK

• Once a noise risk assessment has been carried out and the necessity to
reduce the noise exposure of employees is established, the task of
controlling the noise can be addressed.
• Priority to noise sources that contribute to the highest noise exposures
affecting the largest number of people.
• Noise exposure levels shall be reduced below the NEL.
• Machinery which emits lower level of noise should be considered to be
replaced if available and suitable.
38
NOISE CONTROL: Concept & Basic Principle

39
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE
• Engineering control at the source is the
preferred method .
• An understanding of the operation of the
machine or process is necessary in considering
the possible control of the noise at source.
• General noise control solutions :
• Eliminate or replace the machine or its
operation by a quieter operation with
equal or better efficiency.
• Replace the noisy machinery by installing
newer equipment designed for operating
at lower noise levels.
40
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE

41
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE

• General noise control solutions –con’t :


§ Correct the specific noise source by minor design changes.
§ A high standard of plant and equipment maintenance.
§ Correct the specific machine elements causing the noise by a local
source approach, rather than by consideration of the entire
machine as a noise source.
§ Separate the noisy elements that need not be an integral part of the
basic machine.
§ Isolate the vibrating machine parts to reduce noise from vibrating
panels or guards.
42
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE

43
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE

Example of Vibration
Mounts
44
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE
o In addition to engineering changes to
machinery and parts, processes can be
modified to reduce noise.
• Specific means of modification include the
use of processes that are inherently quieter
than the alternatives.

45
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE SOURCE

• Material handling
processes, in
particular, can also
be modified to
ensure that impact &
shock during
handling and
transport are
minimised as far as
possible.

46
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH
o Engineering control at the noise transmission path includes
§ isolating the noise-emitting object(s) in an enclosure, or
§ placing them in a room or
§ building away from the largest number of employees, and
§ acoustically treating the area to reduce noise to the lowest practicable levels.

o Alternatively, it may be desirable to protect the employee instead of enclosing


the noise sources.
§ design of the soundproof room or
§ sound-reducing enclosures to the employee shall still follow the same
principles.
47
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH

48
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH

The correct use of absorption in the roof will Segregation of the noisy operation will
reduce the reflected noise reaching the quiet area benefit the whole workplace
49
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH
o The principles to be observed in carry out engineering control of the noise
transmission path:
DISTANCE is often the cheapest solution. But not effective in reverberant conditions.

Erect A NOISE BARRIER between the noise source and the receiver; in some instances,
a partial barrier can be used.

Once the acoustical barrier is erected, FURTHER treatment, such as the addition of absorbing
material on surfaces facing the noise source, may be necessary

Walls and machine enclosures must be designed to MINIMIZE RESONANCES which will transmit
acoustical energy at the resonant frequency to the protected area

Reduce the REVERBERATION of the room where noise is generated by the introduction of
acoustically absorbent material(s).
50
ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH
Frequency (Hz)
Material
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
Brick: Glazed 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02
Unglazed 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Unglazed, painted 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
Carpet: Heavy (on concrete) 0.02 0.06 0.14 0.37 0.60 0.65
On 40 oz. hairfelt or foam rubber 0.08 0.24 0.57 0.69 0.71 0.73
Sound Absorption (carpet has coarse backing)
Coefficient of Surface
With impermeable latex backing on 40 0.08 0.27 0.39 0.34 0.48 0.63
Materials oz. hairfelt or foam rubber
Concrete block: Coarse 0.36 0.44 0.31 0.29 0.39 0.25
Painted 0.10 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.08
Poured 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
Fabrics: Light velour: 10 oz/yard2 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.17 0.24 0.35
Medium velour: 14 oz/yard2 0.07 0.31 0.49 0.75 0.70 0.60
Heavy velour: 18 oz/yard2 0.14 0.35 0.55 0.72 0.70 0.65 51
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH


Frequency (Hz)
Material
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
Floors: Concrete or terrazo 0.01 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.02 0.02
Linoleum, asphalt, rubber or cork tile on 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02
concrete
Wood 0.15 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.07
Wood parquet in asphalt on concrete 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07
Sound Absorption Glass: Ordinary window glass 0.35 0.25 0.18 0.12 0.07 0.04
Coefficient of Surface Large panes of heavy plate glass 0.18 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02
Materials Glass fibre: Mounted with impervious 0.14 0.55 0.67 0.97 0.90 0.85
backing, 3 lb/ft3, 1 in. thick
Mounted with impervious backing, 3 0.39 0.78 0.94 0.96 0.85 0.84
lb/ft3, 2 in. thick
Mounted with impervious backing, 3 0.43 0.91 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.93
ib/ft3, 3 in. thick
Gypsum board: ½ in. thick nailed to 2” x 0.29 0.10 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.09
4”, 16” on centre 52
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH


Frequency (Hz)
Material
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
Fibrous glass
4 lb/ft3, hard backing
1 inch thick 0.07 0.23 0.48 0.83 0.88 0.80
Sound 2 inch thick 0.20 0.55 0.89 0.97 0.83 0.79
Absorption 4 inch thick 0.39 0.91 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.89
Coefficient
Of Common Polyurethane foam (open cell)
Acoustic ¼ inch thick 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.20 0.45 0.81
Materials ½ inch thick 0.05 0.12 0.25 0.57 0.89 0.98
1 inch thick 0.14 0.30 0.63 0.91 0.98 0.91
2 inch thick 0.35 0.51 0.82 0.98 0.97 0.95
Hairfelt
½ inch thick 0.05 0.07 0.29 0.63 0.83 0.87
1 inch thick 0.06 0.31 0.80 0.88 0.87 0.87 53
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH

54
DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

ENGINEERING CONTROL – AT THE TRANSMISSION PATH

Acoustic Canopy for Genset Acoustic Enclosure for Press Machine


55
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

What? When?
• Administrative control is defined • Where engineering control
as administrative methods or measures solely is not practicable
approaches that reduce exposure to comply with the NEL specified
of workers to noise in the Occupational Safety and
Health (Noise Exposure)
Regulations 2019

56
REDUCTION OF EXCESSIVE NOISE - Administrative

How?
Scheduling
Job rotation rosters
NOISE LEVEL DAILY EXPOSURE DURATION
dB(A) LIMIT Distance Quiet areas
82 16 hrs
83 12 hrs 42 mins
84 10 hrs 5 mins
85 8 hrs
86 6 hrs 21 mins
87 5 hrs 2 mins
88 4 hrs
89 3 hrs 10 mins
90 2 hrs 31 mins
91 2 hrs
92 1 hr 35 mins
93 1 hr 16 mins
94 1 hr
95 48 mins
57
REDUCTION OF EXCESSIVE NOISE - Administrative

Examples: DISTANCE

Example:
Noise level is 90 dB (SPL1) at 1meter
(r1). Calculate noise level (SPL2) at
distance 2 meter (r2)?

SPL2 = 90dB – 20 log (2/1)


Simple Method of knowing how much
sound is reduced by DISTANCE = 83.97 dB 58
PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTOR (PHP)

• Employer shall ensure PHP provided


to the employee -
• suitable & efficient
• properly inspected, maintained and
made available at all time
• will reasonably attenuate the
employee’s personal noise exposure
below NEL
• approved by Director General of
DOSH
59
PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTOR (PHP)
Criteria selection of PHP Inspection and maintenance

• Worker's noise exposure level; • Employers shall ensure that PHP are
• Hearing ability of the worker; regularly inspected, maintained, and
• Use of other personal protective readily made available.
equipment; • Employees shall also inspect PHP
regularly to detect, and report damage
• Temperature and climate;
or deterioration.
• Communication demands on the • Adequate provision shall be made for
worker;
clean storage of PHP when not in use.
• Physical constraints of the worker or
work activity.
60
PERSONAL HEARING PROTECTOR (PHP)

Training on PHP
• Before PHP are issued, the need for
their use shall be fully explained.
• Employer shall provide information
and training to the employees on the
use, fitting, care and maintenance of
hearing protectors at least once a
year.

61
PHP – NOISE REDUCTION RATING (NRR)

Single protection
Example:
• For single protection (only ear muffs or ear
plugs are used) use the following formula: A worker is exposed to daily noise exposure
level, LEX,8h= 90 dB(A) and given an ear plug
have NRR=37. Calculate the NRRactual and the
new estimated noise exposure after wearing the
PHP.
Answer:
('()()
(i) 𝑁𝑅𝑅!"#$!% = +
= 15 𝑑𝐵(𝐴)

Where; (ii) 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑑𝐵 𝐴


• LEX,8h is daily noise exposure level; = 90𝑑𝐵(𝐴) − 15𝑑𝐵(𝐴) = 75𝑑𝐵(𝐴)
• 2 is de-rating factor (to lower the rating of a
device, especially because of a deterioration in 62
efficiency or quality).
PHP – NOISE REDUCTION RATING (NRR)

Dual protection Example:

• For dual protection (ear muffs and plugs are Given: LEX,8h= 110 dB(A)
used simultaneously), use the following ear plug NRR=29
formula to determine the Estimated Exposure:
ear muff NRR=25 dB
Calculate the estimated exposure.

Answer:
Where;
Estimated exposure
• NRRh is NRR for the higher rated
protector; +,)(
= 110 − + 5 = 94𝑑𝐵(𝐴)
• LEX,8h is daily noise exposure level. +

63

Note : Employer may use any recognized method to calculate noise reduction rating such as Single Number Rating (SNR), Sound Level Conversion (SLC80).
PHP – HEARING PROTECTION ZONE

• Areas where persons may be exposed • Situations where sign-posting is not


to noise levels exceeding the NEL shall practicable, methods of achieving this
be sign-posted as 'HEARING include, but not limited to─
PROTECTION ZONES’, and so far as § attaching prominent warning
practicable their boundaries shall be notices to tools and equipment
clearly demarcated and identified by indicating that PHP must be worn
means of an appropriate warning sign. when operating them;
• No person shall enter a hearing § providing written and verbal
protection zone during normal instructions on how to recognize
operation, unless wearing appropriate circumstances in which PHP are
PHP. needed; and
§ effective supervision of identified
hearing protection zones. 64
INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING

• Employees who are exposed to excessive noise shall be provided with


information, instruction and training so that they understand their
responsibilities and the risks of noise exposure.
• Information, instruction and training program shall be updated to be
consistent with changes in control measures and work processes.

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Information Instruction
• An employer shall ensure that any • Employees shall follow all instructions
employee who is exposed to the given by the employer in particular, but
excessive noise are well informed, on: not limited to the following :
§ adverse effects to health resulting from § co-operate with the employer and HCA;
excessive noise exposure; § wear and proper use PHP at all times; and
§ social disadvantages of ONRHD; § comply with any instruction or measure on
§ noise control plan and program at place of risk of noise exposure
work;
§ responsibilities of employers and employees;
§ procedure for reporting defects in plant or
the place of work that are likely to cause
exposure to excessive noise and signs of
hearing damage; and
§ results of the noise risk assessment and
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audiometric testing.
Training
• An employer shall provide training to all his employees on the following:
§ Occupational Safety and Health (Noise Exposure) Regulations 2019;
§ adverse effects of noise on hearing;
§ purpose and benefits of the HCP;
§ the purpose of PHP, the advantages, disadvantages and attenuation of various types of PHP, and
instructions on their selection, fitting, use and care;
§ purpose and procedures of audiometric testing, including pre-test instructions;
§ explanation of the audiometric results and preventive measures;
§ the noise control plan and program at place of work.
• Training shall be conducted in languages understood by all employees who are exposed to excessive
noise.
• Reviewed periodically.
• Effectiveness of the training can be determined through compliance with proper and consistent use
of PHP, understanding the noise hazard, and its control and prevention.
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Training target group

• Recommended that the training is not only aiming at the employees who are
exposed to the excessive noise, but everyone in the place of work who is exposed to
noise or involved in managing the risks from noise exposure which include:
§ Employees, managers and supervisors;
§ Members of safety and health committee;
§ All personnel who are responsible for purchasing plant, noise control equipment and
PHP; and
§ All personnel who are responsible for designing the place of work layout.

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AUDIOMETRIC TESTING
• Testing program shall be available to any employee exposed to NEL.
• Conducted at no cost to the employees.
• Conducted by a trained audiometric technician at approved Audiometric Test Centre (ATC).
• Preceded by a period of quiet (≤ 80 dBA) of at least 14 hours without wearing any PHP.
• Test frequencies including 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz
• Testing repeated annually.
• Baseline audiogram within 3 months of the employee commencing work which would
expose to NEL.
• Employer shall provide his employee’s baseline audiogram on every annual audiometry for
reference to the attending OHD.
• Employer shall provide his employee’s workplace personal noise exposure monitoring
information to the ATC for establishing work-relatedness of hearing disorders.
• Flowchart for audiometric testing is summarized in Appendix 3. 69
APPENDIX 3
AUDIOMETRIC TESTING
An audiogramme that shows a hearing impairment and/or hearing loss
and/or PSTS

• HL : partial or total inability to hear marked by a hearing threshold


worse than 25 dB at individual audiometric test frequencies of either
ABNORMAL
ABNORMAL ear. Hearing loss may be mild (26 – 40 dB), moderate (41 – 70 dB),
AUDIOGRAM
AUDIOGRAM severe (71 – 90 dB) or profound (≥ 91 dB)

An examination by an Occupational Health Doctor (OHD) which consist of


history taking, physical examination and other relevant investigations to
diagnose or rule out any auditory disorder whether being occupational or
MEDICAL
MEDICAL non-occupational in origin
EXAMINATION
EXAMINATION
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Normal
Audiogram

Abnormal Audiogram
Hearing Impairment
(shifted ≥ 25 dB)
Abnormal
Audiogram

Standard
Threshold Shift
(shifted ≥10 dB)

Average Baseline (Year 2020) Year 2021 Difference


(2, 3, 4, kHz)
Right Ear (10 + 25 + 40) / 3 = 25 (25 + 35 + 60) /3 = 40 40 – 25 = 15
Left Ear (10 + 20 + 25 ) / 3 = 18.3 (20 + 35 + 45) / 3 = 33.3 33.33 – 18.3 = 15
AUDIOMETRIC TESTING : Report

Temporary HI/HL/
Normal
Informs the STS Makes PSTS Informs the
employee of his appropriate employee of his
condition arrangement to condition
within 21 days protect hearing within 21 days

Continue the
Retest
annual Provide PHP to
employee
audiometric the employee
within 3 months
testing program

Refit and retrain


employee in the
use of a PHP
Employer’s Action
DUTIES OF DESIGNERS

• Have a basic understanding of noise control principles, noise specifications, transmission of noise and
effects of noise;
• Obtain agreement with client on noise control and establish budget which allow for effective noise
control at design stage;
• Be able to design internal and external noise controls by controlling at the source;
• Ensure that the manufacturer receives complete written instructions, specifications and drawings;
• Consider the effect of building reverberation, the building layout and the location of workstations on
the noise levels of plant;
• Consider the transmission of noise through structures and ducts;
• Design for acoustical plant rooms and control rooms where appropriate;
• Design acoustic treatments for external environmental control in a way that will reduce internal noise
and vice versa.
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DUTIES OF MANUFACTURES
• Construct plant according to specifications and drawings provided by designer;
• Carry out tests to determine noise emission level by each plant. If noise exist, the following method may
be considered to reduce noise emission level: -
§ Improve manufacturing tolerances, for example reduce speed of machinery, reduce the material falling distance;
§ Use of more highly damped material;
§ Application of acoustic damping, absorbing or barrier;
§ Redesign the plant;
§ Other relevant noise control method.
• Provide adequate information to purchaser/employer as following: -
§ The proper use or operation of the plant;
§ Noise levels as results of the proper use or operation of the plant;
§ Method used to reduce noise when operating plant;
§ Design limitation;
§ Proper erection and installation of the plant; and
§ The means of installation, maintenance and use of the plant that will enable it to generate the lowest practicable 76
noise levels.
DUTIES OF IMPORTERS AND SUPPLIERS

• Obtain relevant noise information from manufacturer for all plant supplied;
• Conduct noise testing if no data available in order to establish noise hazard
information;
• Ensure that all plant is supplied complete with noise reducing equipment;
• Provide adequate information to purchaser/employer as following: -
• The proper use or operation of the plant;
• Noise levels as results of the proper use or operation of the plant;
• Method used to reduce noise when operating plant;
• Design limitation;
• Proper erection and installation of the plant; and
• The means of installation, maintenance and use of the plant that will enable it to generate the
lowest practicable noise levels. 77
CONCLUSION

• ICOP 2019 provide details and comprehensive requirements and


guidance of Hearing Conservation Program to manage the occupational
exposure at workplace.
• Compliance to both Noise Regulation & ICOP by all relevant parties
including employer, employee, designers, manufacturer, supplier, and
importer of plant; will significantly help to minimise the risk associated
with excessive noise exposure.

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THANK YOU

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