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INTERNATIONAL A-LEVEL
CHEMISTRY (9620)
Unit 3: Inorganic 2 and Physical 2

Tuesday 4 June 2019 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert Question Mark
• a ruler with millimetre measurements
1
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate.
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing. 4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside 6
the box around each page or on blank pages. 7
• All working must be shown.
8
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). TOTAL
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be
marked.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.

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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 This question is about two metal iodides.

Table 1 shows some thermodynamic data.

Table 1

Enthalpy change ΔHƟ / kJ mol–1

Atomisation of potassium +90

First ionisation energy of potassium +418

Atomisation of iodine +107

Electron affinity of iodine –314

Lattice formation of potassium iodide –629

Figure 1 shows an incomplete Born–Haber cycle for the formation of

potassium iodide.

Figure 1

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0 1 . 1 State how Figure 1 shows that the cycle is for the enthalpy of lattice formation, not box

the enthalpy of lattice dissociation.

[1 mark]

0 1 . 2 Complete Figure 1 by writing the missing symbols for the species on the appropriate
energy levels.
[3 marks]

0 1 . 3 Use Figure 1 and the data in Table 1 to calculate a value for the enthalpy of formation
of potassium iodide.
[2 marks]

Enthalpy of formation kJ mol–1

Question 1 continues on the next page

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0 1 . 4 The value obtained in Question 01.3 is based on experimental data and using box

a Born–Haber cycle.

Enthalpies of lattice formation can also be determined by calculation using

a perfect ionic model.

Table 2 shows the enthalpies of lattice formation for potassium iodide and
silver iodide.

Table 2

ΔHƟ / kJ mol–1
Enthalpy change Born–Haber Perfect ionic
cycle model
Lattice formation of potassium iodide –629 –632

Lattice formation of silver iodide –876 –736

State what can be deduced about the bonding in each compound from the
data in Table 2
[2 marks]

Potassium iodide

Silver iodide

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0 1 . 5 Table 3 shows some thermodynamic data. box

Table 3

Enthalpy change ΔHƟ / kJ mol–1

Hydration of K+ (g) –322

Hydration of I– (g) –293

Lattice formation of KI (s) –629

Use the data in Table 3 to calculate the enthalpy of solution of potassium iodide.
[2 marks]

Enthalpy of solution kJ mol–1

10

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0 2 Methanol is made in industry as shown. box

CO2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) + H2O(g) ΔH = – 49 kJ mol–1

0 2 . 1 State why a higher equilibrium yield of methanol is obtained at a lower temperature.

[1 mark]

0 2 . 2 Predict whether a high or low pressure increases the equilibrium yield of methanol.
Give a reason for your prediction.
[2 marks]

Prediction

Reason

0 2 . 3 A catalyst is used in this industrial reaction.

What happens if a catalyst is not used?

Tick () one box.

[1 mark]

The position of equilibrium will shift to the right.

The value of enthalpy change will stay the same.

The yield of methanol at equilibrium will decrease.

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0 2 . 4 A mixture of 15.0 mol of carbon dioxide and 45.0 mol of hydrogen is heated in a box

container. At equilibrium, the mixture contains 6.3 mol of steam.

Calculate the amount, in moles, of each of the other substances in the

equilibrium mixture.

CO2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) + H2O(g)

[3 marks]

Amount of CH3OH(g) mol

Amount of CO2(g) mol

Amount of H2(g) mol

0 2 . 5 Table 4 shows the amount, in moles, of each substance in the equilibrium mixture at a
different temperature and at a total pressure of 2.50 × 106 Pa

Table 4

Substance CO2(g) H2(g) CH3OH(g) H2O(g)

Amount / mol 4.9 7.6 19.4 13.7

Calculate the partial pressure of methanol in this equilibrium mixture.

[2 marks]

Partial pressure of methanol Pa

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0 2 . 6 Write an expression for the equilibrium constant (Kp) for this reaction. box

[1 mark]

Kp

0 2 . 7 Table 5 shows the partial pressures, in Pa, of each substance in another equilibrium
mixture.

Table 5

Substance CO2(g) H2(g) CH3OH(g) H2O(g)

Partial pressure / Pa 1.68 × 106 2.64 × 106 8.34 × 106 1.76 × 106

Use the data in Table 5 to calculate the value of Kp

Deduce the units of Kp
[2 marks]

Kp units

12

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0 3 Carbon dioxide changes directly from a solid to a gas at atmospheric pressure. box

CO2(s) → CO2(g) ΔHƟ = +25 kJ mol–1 ΔSƟ = +163 J K–1 mol–1

Figure 2 shows how the entropy of carbon dioxide changes with temperature.

Figure 2

0 3 . 1 State why the value of ΔHƟ is positive for the change of state of carbon dioxide from
solid to gas.
[1 mark]

0 3 . 2 State why carbon dioxide has zero entropy at a temperature of 0 K

[1 mark]

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0 3 . 3 Describe how the movement of the molecules changes during the three stages shown box

on Figure 2
[3 marks]

A to B

B to C

C to D

0 3 . 4 Calculate the temperature, in K, at which the Gibbs free-energy change, ΔG, has a
value of zero for the change of state of carbon dioxide from solid to gas.
[2 marks]

Temperature K

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0 4 This question is about determining a rate equation and an activation energy from box

experimental data.

The reaction between compounds E and F was investigated.

The data in Table 6 were obtained in three experiments at a constant temperature.

Table 6

Initial [E] Initial [F] Initial rate

Experiment
/ mol dm–3 / mol dm–3 / mol dm–3 min–1

1 1.3 × 10–2 2.8 × 10–2 3.2 × 10–3

2 3.9 × 10–2 2.8 × 10–2 9.6 × 10–3

3 3.9 × 10–2 1.4 × 10–2 2.4 × 10–3

0 4 . 1 Use the data in Table 6 to deduce the order of reaction with respect to E and the
order of reaction with respect to F.

Determine the rate equation for this reaction.

Show your working.
[3 marks]

Order with respect to E

Order with respect to F

Rate equation

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0 4 . 2 Use data from Table 6 to calculate a value for the rate constant (k), including units, for box

the reaction between E and F.

(If you were unable to determine a rate equation in Question 04.1, you should assume
that the equation is rate = k[E]2[F]2. This is not the correct equation.)
[2 marks]

k units

Compound G decomposes on heating in a first order reaction.

The decomposition of G in a given volume of solution is investigated.

0 4 . 3 State why the rate of reaction doubles when the concentration of G doubles at a
constant temperature.
[1 mark]

0 4 . 4 Explain why the rate of reaction more than doubles when the temperature is increased
by 20 °C at a constant concentration.
[2 marks]

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0 4 . 5 The Arrhenius equation can be used to determine the activation energy (Ea) for the box

decomposition of G.

– Ea
In k = + In A
RT

The rate constant for the decomposition of G, k = 0.273 min–1 at 400 K

The Arrhenius constant, A = 3.27 × 108 min–1
The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1

Use these data to determine a value for Ea (in kJ mol–1) for the
decomposition at 400 K
[3 marks]

Ea kJ mol–1

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0 5 At high temperatures, aluminium chloride exists as gaseous AlCl3 molecules. box

On cooling, two molecules of AlCl3 combine to form one molecule of Al2Cl6

0 5 . 1 Name the shape formed by the atoms in an AlCl3 molecule.

State the bond angle in AlCl3

[2 marks]

Name of shape

Bond angle

0 5 . 2 Co-ordinate bonds form when two AlCl3 molecules combine together.

State how one of these bonds forms.

[1 mark]

0 5 . 3 Draw the structure of an Al2Cl6 molecule.

Show each covalent bond as a line (— ) and each co-ordinate bond as
an arrow (→ ).
[2 marks]

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0 5 . 4 Some anhydrous aluminium chloride is added to an excess of water. box

Describe what is observed.

Write an equation for the reaction that occurs.
Suggest a possible value for the pH of the solution.
[3 marks]

Observation

Equation

pH of solution

0 5 . 5 A student added an excess of sodium carbonate solution to

aluminium chloride solution.

State two observations the student would make.

Give an equation for the reaction that occurs.
[3 marks]

Observation 1

Observation 2

Equation

11

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0 6 Table 7 shows the melting points of some Period 3 chlorides. box

Table 7

MgCl2 SiCl4

Melting point / K 987 204

Use your knowledge of structure and bonding to answer Questions 06.1 and 06.2

0 6 . 1 Explain why magnesium chloride has a high melting point.

[2 marks]

0 6 . 2 Explain why silicon(IV) chloride has a low melting point.

[2 marks]

0 6 . 3 Both silicon(IV) chloride and phosphorus(V) chloride react with water to form a
solution containing hydrochloric acid.

Write an equation for each reaction.

[2 marks]

Equation for silicon(IV) chloride reaction

Equation for phosphorus(V) chloride reaction

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0 7 This question is about properties of transition metal compounds. box

0 7 . 1 Transition metal complexes can change colour when the oxidation state changes.

Give two other factors that can cause a change in the colour of
a transition metal complex.
[2 marks]

0 7 . 2 The equation for the reaction that occurs in the Contact process is shown.

2 SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2 SO3

Write two equations to show how vanadium(V) oxide acts as a catalyst in this
reaction.
Give the change in oxidation state of vanadium in equation 2.
[2 marks]

Equation 1

Equation 2

Change in oxidation state

Question 7 continues on the next page

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0 7 . 3 Vanadium(V) oxide is a heterogeneous catalyst. box

Give the meaning of the term heterogeneous.

Suggest how the effect of a heterogeneous catalyst can be increased without using a
higher temperature.
[2 marks]

Meaning of heterogeneous

How the effect can be increased

0 7 . 4 Iodide ions react slowly with peroxodisulfate ions (S2O82–) in aqueous solution as
shown.

S2O82– + 2 I– → 2 SO42– + I2

This reaction can be catalysed by adding an aqueous solution containing Fe2+ ions.

Explain, with the aid of equations, how Fe2+ ions catalyse the reaction
between I– ions and S2O82– ions.
[4 marks]

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0 7 . 5 The overall equation for the oxidation of ethanedioate ions by box

manganate(VII) ions is shown.

2 MnO4– + 16 H+ + 5 C2O42– → 2 Mn2+ + 8 H2O + 10 CO2

This reaction is an example of autocatalysis.

Which graph represents the change that occurs during this reaction?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]

0 7 . 6 A student adds an excess of a solution containing ethanedioate ions to a solution

containing manganate(VII) ions.

State one observation that the student would make.

[1 mark]

12

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0 8 Figure 3 shows a cell used to measure the standard electrode potential of box

the Mg2+/ Mg half-cell.

Figure 3

0 8 . 1 Identify a suitable substance that could be used for each of W, X and Y.

[3 marks]

0 8 . 2 Identify two conditions needed in this cell for the measurement to be a standard
electrode potential.
[2 marks]

Question 8 continues on the next page

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Table 8 shows some standard electrode potential data. box

Table 8

Electrode half-equation EƟ / V

VO2+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + e– → VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) +1.00

Fe3+(aq) + e– → Fe2+(aq) +0.77

VO2+(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + e– → V3+(aq) + H2O(l) +0.34

Cr3+(aq) + e– → Cr2+(aq) –0.41

Fe2+(aq) + 2e– → Fe(s) –0.44

Zn2+(aq) + 2e– → Zn(s) –0.76

Cr2+(aq) + 2e– → Cr(s) –0.91

0 8 . 3 Identify the strongest reducing agent in Table 8

[1 mark]

0 8 . 4 Identify the species in Table 8 that will oxidise V3+(aq) to VO2+(aq) but will not oxidise
VO2+(aq) to VO2+(aq).
[1 mark]

0 8 . 5 An excess of solid zinc is added to a solution containing iron(III) ions.

Use the data in Table 8 to explain why a reaction occurs.

Identify the products.
[2 marks]

Explanation

Products

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0 8 . 6 The conventional representation of a standard cell is shown. box

Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) || Cr3+(aq), Cr2+(aq) | Pt

Calculate the EMF of this cell.

Deduce an equation for the overall cell reaction.
[2 marks]

EMF

Equation

11

END OF QUESTIONS

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