BECE306L - Digital Communication Systems

Fall Intra (2023-24)

Course Instructor

D r. T. I l a v a r a s a n
⦁ School of Electronics Engineering
⦁ Mail:ilavarasan.t@vit.ac.in
⦁ Contact:+91-9790040384
⦁ Cabin :SigmaBlock –L4

2 Dr. T.Ilavarasan, Associate Professor,SENSE, VIT

Guidelines to be followed:
⦁ Be on time for the class as per the schedule.
⦁ Always have a dedicated notebook and your own calculator to solve the numerical
problems during the class hours.
⦁ Stick to the deadlines for theAssignments,Quizzes and other assessment activities.
⦁ Be attentive and ask your doubts then and there during the class hours.
⦁ Feel free to share your views towards the course/topic and the instructor regarding the
content delivery.
⦁ Let it be more of a discussion and Happy learning for all..!!

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General course information:
⦁ Prerequisite – BECE206L/Analog Communication System

⦁ Important concepts will be explained qualitatively using real-life examples

⦁ However, as an engineering student, extensive use of mathematics is necessary for

accurate system modelling and analysis

⦁ Theory – 3 credits - 3 hrs per week – Totally 45 hrs

⦁ Lab – 1 credit – 2 hrs per week

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Course objectives:
⦁ To understand the transmitter and receiver blocks of various waveform coding
techniques.

⦁ To analyze various line coding techniques in time and frequency domains.

⦁ To identify the role of baseband, bandpass formats and information theory for effective
transmission of signals, combat ISI and to increase the reliability of transmission.

⦁ To understand the principles and importance of spread spectrum and multiple access in
the context of communication.

5 Dr. T.Ilavarasan, Associate Professor,SENSE, VIT

Course outcomes:
⦁ Comprehend the sampling and quantization process to recover the original signal.

⦁ Analyse the performance of various waveform and Line coding techniques.

⦁ Design the various baseband pulses for ISI free transmission over finite bandwidth
channels.

⦁ Examine the BER and bandwidth efficiency of the Bandpass modulation techniques.

⦁ Analyse the digital communication system with spread spectrum modulation.

⦁ Infer the elements of information theory.

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Syllabus
⦁ Module:1 Sampling Process
⦁ Module:2 Waveform Coding Techniques

⦁ Module:3 Line Codes

⦁ Module:4 Baseband System

⦁ Module:5 Bandpass System
⦁ Module:6 Spread SpectrumTechniques and Multiple AccessTechniques
⦁ Module:7 Introduction to Information Theory

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Text/Reference Books
⦁ Simon Haykin, Digital Communications, 2017, 1st Edition, John Wiley, India.

⦁ John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Digital Communication, 2018, 5th Edition (Indian edition),
Mc Graw Hill Education, India.

⦁ Bernard Sklar and Fredric J. Harris, Digital Communications: Fundamentals and

Applications, 2020, 3rd Edition, Pearson , UK.

⦁ B P Lathi, Zhi Ding, Modern Digital And Analog Communication Systems, 2017, 4th Edition,
Oxford university Press, India

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Evaluation Metrics

⦁ DA – 1 – 10 marks

⦁ Quiz – 1 - 10 marks (After CAT-1)

⦁ Quiz – 2 - 10 marks (After CAT-2)

⦁ CAT – 1 – 15 marks

⦁ CAT – 2 – 15 marks

⦁ FAT – 40 marks

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Introduction
⦁ Communication has been one of the deepest needs of the human race throughout
recorded history.
⦁ It is essential to forming social unions, to educating the young, and to expressing a myriad
of emotions and needs.
⦁ Good communication is central to a civilized society.
⦁ The communication that occurs in our day-to-day life is in the form of signals.
⦁ These signals,such as sound signals,generally,are analog in nature.
⦁ When the communication needs to be established over a distance, then the analog signals
are sent using different techniques for effective transmission.

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Introduction
⦁ Main purpose of communication is to transfer information from a source to a recipient
via a channel or medium.
⦁ Basic block diagram of a communication system:

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Introduction
Basic Description
⦁ Source:analog or digital
⦁ Transmitter: transducer, amplifier,modulator, oscillator, power amp., antenna
⦁ Channel: e.g.cable,optical fibre,free space
⦁ Receiver: antenna,amplifier,demodulator, oscillator, power amplifier,transducer
⦁ Recipient:e.g.person,(loud) speaker,computer

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Introduction
⦁ Types of information
Voice,data,video,music,email etc.

⦁ Types of communication systems

Public SwitchedTelephone Network
(voice,fax,modem) Satellite systems
Radio,TV
broadcasting Cellular
phones
Computer networks (LANs,WANs,WLANs)
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Introduction

⦁ Communication system converts information into electrical electromagnetic/optical

signals appropriate for the transmission medium.
⦁ Analog systems convert analog message into signals that can propagate through the
channel.
⦁ Digital systems convert bits(digits,symbols) into signals
⦁ Computers naturally generate information as characters/bits
⦁ Most information can be converted into bits
⦁ Analog signals converted to bits by sampling and quantizing (A/D conversion)

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History of communication system

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The Necessity of Digitization
⦁ Why are communication systems, military and commercial alike, “going digital”? There
are many reasons,
⦁ Analog signals suffer from many losses such as distortion, interference, and other losses
including security breach.
⦁ In order to overcome these problems,the signals are digitized using different techniques.

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The Necessity of Digitization
⦁ The primary advantage is the ease with which digital signals, compared with analog
signals, are regenerated.

Original Regenerated
pulse pulse

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Analog versus Digital

•Harder to separate noise from an analog

signal than from a digital signal

•If there is too much noise cannot

discern a high voltage from a low voltage

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Digital Communication System
⦁ By definition, are communication systems that uses digital sequence as an interface between
the source and the channel input and similarly between the channel output and final
destination.

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Digital Communication System
⦁ There are a number of reasons why digital communication systems are now standard,
briefly they are as follows:
1. Digital hardware has become so cheap, reliable, and miniaturized, that digital interfaces
are eminently practical.
2. A standardized binary interface between source and channel simplifies implementation
and understanding.
⦁ Since source coding/decoding can be done independently of the channel.
⦁ Similarly,channel coding/decoding can be done independently of the source.
3. A standardized binary interface between source and channel simplifies networking.

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Digital Communication
Systems:
Block Diagram

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Digital Communication System
⦁ The basic signal processing functions,which may be viewed as transformations,classified into
the following nine groups:

1. Formatting and source coding

2. Baseband signalling
3. Bandpass signalling
4. Equalization
5. C hannel coding
6. Multiplexing and multiple access
7. Spreading
8. Encryption
9. Synchronization
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23 Dr. T.Ilavarasan, Associate Professor,SENSE, VIT
Advantages of Digital Communication
⦁ The effect of distortion, noise, and interference is much less in digital signals as they are
less affected.
⦁ Digital circuits are more reliable.
⦁ Digital circuits are easy to design and cheaper than analog circuits.
⦁ The hardware implementation in digital circuits,is more flexible than analog.
⦁ The occurrence of cross-talk is very rare in digital communication.
⦁ The signal is un-altered as the pulse needs a high disturbance to alter its properties, which
is very difficult.
⦁ Signal processing functions such as encryption and compressionare employed in digital
circuits to maintain the secrecy of the information.
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Advantages of Digital Communication
⦁ The probability of error occurrence is reduced by employing error detecting and error
correcting codes.
⦁ Spread spectrum technique is used to avoid signal jamming.
⦁ Combiningdigital signals using Time DivisionMultiplexingTDM is easier than
combining analog signals using Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM.
⦁ The configuring process of digital signals is easier than analog signals.
⦁ Digital signals can be saved and retrieved more conveniently than analog signals.
⦁ Many of the digital circuits have almost common encoding techniques and hence
similar devices can be used for a number of purposes.
⦁ The capacity of the channel is effectively utilized by digital signals.
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