CHAPTER 15

EDUCATION
1. Education plays a major role in improving economic opportunities for people and enhancing their quality of life by building capabilities, enhancing skill levels and providing more productive employment. Delhi has 2416 primary schools, 715 middle schools and 1576 secondary/senior secondary schools (Table 15.1). There are 131 colleges in Delhi which includes 114 colleges for general education, 5 medical colleges, 8 engineering colleges, 2 homoeopathic colleges, one ayurvedic and unani college and one nursing college. Delhi also has four universities, seven deemed universities and one Open University. Delhi's literacy rate is higher than the national average. The literacy rate in Delhi rose from 38.4 percent in 1951 to 81.8 percent in 2001, while the literacy rate at the national level for the corresponding period rose from 18.3 percent to 65.4 percent. During the last decade (1991-2001), the literacy rate in Delhi has improved by 6.5 percent as compared to 13.2 percent at national level. In Delhi, the literacy rate for males has increased from 82.01 percent in 1991 to 87.4 per cent in 2001. At the national level, the literacy rate for males has increased from 64.1 percent in 1991 to 75.8 percent in 2001. In the case of females, the literacy rate in Delhi has increased from 67 percent in 1991 to 75 percent in 2001. At the national level, the literacy rate for females has increased from 39.3 percent to 54.2 per cent. The target of total literacy has remained elusive because of the continuous migration into Delhi.

2.

INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION SECTOR 3. The share of the Education Sector in total Plan expenditure of Delhi Government since the Sixth FiveYear Plan period is indicated in Statement 15.1: Statement 15.1 OUTLAY UNDER EDUCATION SECTOR Plan Sixth Five-Year Plan Seventh Five-Year Plan Eighth Five-Year Plan Ninth Five-Year Plan Annual Plan Annual Plan Annual Plan Annual Plan Annual Plan Period 1980-85 1985-90 1990-95 1997-2002 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 (Outlay) Total Plan expenditure Expenditure on Education % of total Plan (Rs. in crores) Sector (Rs. in crores) expenditure 1042.07 135.44 12.99 2631.47 222.89 8.47 6208.00 609.18 9.81 13660.18* 1165.50* 8.53 1978.31 188.06 9.51 2054.56 229.00 11.15 2298.20 235.62 10.25 3129.11 211.20 6.75 4200.00 301.62 7.18

Annual expenditure 1997-98 to 2000-01 + RE 2001-02

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2001-2002

133

4.

PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE In Delhi, per capita expenditure on education (including Sports and Art & Culture) is far above that at the national level. Statement 15.2 PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION ( In Rs.)

S.No. 1 2 3

Year 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02

Delhi 909.21 997.72 1115.76

All India 570.30 608.19 617.78

* This includes Plan + Non Plan under Education, Higher Education, Technical Education, Sports and Art & Culture Sectors. In 2000-01, Delhi's per capita expenditure on education was higher than that in Haryana (Rs.704.78), Maharastra (Rs.847.76) and Punjab (Rs.945.94). ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 5. Two major goals of the Tenth Five-Year Plan are free and compulsory elementary education and the eradication of illiteracy. Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) has three aspects: (i) universal access and enrolment (ii) universal education for children up to the age of 14 and (iii) a substantial improvement in the quality of education to allow all children to achieve essential levels of learning. a) Primary Education In Delhi, primary education is mainly the responsibility of local bodies -- the MCD, NDMC and the Delhi Cantonment Board. The Directorate of Education has also introduced primary classes in 343 Sarvodaya Vidyalayas of the Government of NCT of Delhi. The number of primary schools has increased from 1,726 in 1980-81 to 2416 in 2000-01. Primary school enrolment has increased more than two-fold from 6.68 lakh in 1980-81 to 14.67 lakh in 1999-2000. The teacher-pupil ratio in the MCD primary schools is 1:52, while in the schools run by the Directorate of Education, Government of Delhi, it is 1:34. b) Middle School Education Education at the middle-school level (class 6-8) comes under elementary education. The number of middle schools in Delhi has increased from 326 in 1980-81 to 715 in 2000-01.

134

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2001-2002

Student enrolment has also increased substantially from 3.23 lakh in 1980-81 to 6.23 lakh in 1999-2000. The teacher-pupil ratio in Government of Delhi middle schools is 1:48. SECONDARY AND SENIOR SECONDARY EDUCATION 6. Secondary/senior secondary education in Delhi is mainly provided by the Government. of Delhi In 1980-81, Delhi had 704 secondary/senior secondary schools, which increased to 1576 in 2000-01. Student enrolment also increased from 2.54 lakh in 1980-81 to 13.13 lakh in 1999-2000. Because of the space constraint, the majority of these schools run a double shift. The teacher pupil ratio is around 1 : 54.

Source : Dte. of Education, GNCTD

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2001-2002

135

7.

The student enrolment figures and number of school teachers are indicated in Table 15.2 and 15.3.

Source : Dte. of Education, GNCTD

8.

The table below summarises the picture regarding school education over the last two decades : Statement 15.3 SCHOOL EDUCATION, 1980-81 TILL 2000-01 Enrolment (Lakh) 1980-81 1999-2000 14.67 6.23 13.13 34.03 Number of schools 1980-81 1726 326 704 2756 2000-01 2416 715 1576 4707

Primary Middle Secondary & Sr. Secondary Total Source : Dte. of Education, GNCTD

6.68 3.23 2.54 12.54

136

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2001-2002

9.

Female Enrolment 17.35 lakh girls were enrolled in schools in 1999-2000 accounting for 51% of total enrolment, as indicated below: Statement 15.4 STUDENT ENROLMENT IN DELHI DURING 1999-2000 ( In lakhs) Classes Pre-Primary Primary Middle Secondary Senior Secondary Total Boys 0.69 6.94 2.93 3.70 2.42 16.68 Girls 0.74 6.30 3.30 4.11 2.90 17.35 Total 1.43 13.24 6.23 7.81 5.32 34.03

Source : Dte of Education, Govt of NCT of Delhi Vocational Education 10. Under the National Policy on Education, 1986 (revised in 1992), priority has been assigned to vocational education. The target was to enrol 25% of students at the senior secondary level in the vocational stream by 2000. Vocational courses such as engineering and technology, commerce and secretarial practices, home science, health and paramedical services have been introduced at the Senior Secondary level. The vocational education programme is being implemented in 242 government schools and 9,250 students are enrolled. COMPUTER EDUCATION 11. Computer Science as an elective subject at the + 2 level was started in 2000-2001 in 115 schools. This programme is being expanded to 275 additional schools in 2001-02. Private agencies have been involved under this programme. CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS 12. Providing infrastructure facilities, particularly school buildings, has been accorded the highest priority under school education. A massive programme has been undertaken in Delhi to replace

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2001-2002

137

tented accommodation with pucca school buildings. At present, only 21 Delhi Government schools and 50 MCD schools are functioning in tents mainly due to land disputes. Higher Education 13. There are 131 degree colleges in Delhi (Table 15.4). Of these, 82 colleges are affiliated with Delhi University and the remaining 49 colleges are affiliated with G.G.S.I.P. University. The Delhi Government sponsors 40 Delhi University Colleges, of which 20 are fully funded by Delhi Government.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION 14. Delhi has 8 technical education institutions at the degree/post-graduation level. Eleven diplomalevel institutions (polytechnics) and 14 certificate-level institutions (ITIs) impart technical education under the administrative control of the Government of Delhi. Apart from these government institutions, 46 other institutes are affiliated to the Board of Technical Education (Table 15.5). 15. Delhi College of Engineering and Netaji Subhash Institute of Technology (NSIT) have moved to their new campuses. A new engineering college for women, the Mahila Institute of Technology, started functioning in 1998-99 at the old NSIT campus at Kashmere Gate. Another Government Institute has started offering Degree (Engg) Courses w.e.f. 2001-02. One more state level Engineering College is being set up at Geeta Colony in the trans Yamuna area for which land has already been allotted by DDA. The total intake capacity of technical institutions is given in Statement No.15.5. Statement 15.5 INTAKE CAPACITY OF TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS Institutions Degree level/post-graduate level Diploma level Certificate level (ITI) Number 8 11 14 Total Student Intake 1758 2966 9108

Source : Dte of Training and Technical Education GNCTD

138

ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2001-2002