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    DNA and Protein Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Jhanna Marianne Peralta
    Grade 10 lesson

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    DNA and Protein Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Jhanna Marianne Peralta
    3 views33 pages
    Grade 10 lesson

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Grade 10 lesson

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views33 pages

    DNA and Protein Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Jhanna Marianne Peralta
    Grade 10 lesson

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33

    Third Grading Period

    Biology 10

    Science
    Class
    Prepared by:
    Ms. Cristina G. Ebrada
    Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
    It is the molecule that
    carries genetic information
    for the development and
    functioning of an organism.
    Source: National Human Genome Institute
    Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
    • It is the building block of
    life.
    • It contains the
    instructions needed for
    an organism to develop,
    live, and reproduce.
    The Chemical
    Composition
    and Structure
    of DNA
    Levene’s Nucleotides
    (Phoebus Aaron Levene)

    Levene established the fact that DNA is


    composed of four nitrogenous bases,
    deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
    Deoxyribose Sugar and Phosphate
    Group
    Nitrogenous Bases

    Adenine Cytosine Thymine Guanine


    Purines
    Pyrimidines
    Nucleoside vs. Nucleotide
    Hydrogen Bonds between Nitrogenous
    Bases
    The Key Features of the DNA Model

    James Watson
    and Francis Crick
    The Key Features of the DNA Model

    The DNA strands


    are considered
    antiparallel.
    Chargaff Rules
    (Erwin Chargaff)

    • DNA contains A, T, C, and G, which vary


    from species to species.

    • Within the species, the amount of base


    pairs are equal: A=T and G=C.
    QUESTION 1
    What is the complimentary base
    strand of
    5’- CGT AAG CGC TAA TTA-3’?

    Answer: 3’-GCA TTC GCG ATT AAT-5’


    QUESTION 2
    What is the complimentary base
    strand of
    5’- TCG ATG GCA TTC TTA CGT-3’?

    Answer: 3’-AGC TAC CGT AAG AAT GCA-5’


    QUESTION 3
    What is the complimentary base
    strand of
    5’- ATA GGC GAT TCT GAC CAG-3’?

    Answer: 3’-TAT CCG CTA AGA CTG GTC-5’


    DNA
    vs.
    RNA
    Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
    • It helps in the synthesis of
    proteins in our body.
    • This is responsible for the
    production of new cells in the
    human body.
    • It is usually obtained from the
    DNA molecule.
    Types of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

    • Messenger RNA
    • Transfer RNA
    • Ribosomal RNA
    Differences Between DNA and RNA
    DNA RNA
    Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose
    Strand Double-Stranded Single-Stranded
    Nitrogenous Guanine, Cytosine, Guanine, Cytosine,
    Bases Adenine, Thymine Adenine, Uracil
    (GCAT) (GCAU)
    Location Inside the nucleus In the cytoplasm
    What can
    you say?
    How DNA
    copies itself?
    DNA Replication
    • It is the process of copying or
    duplicating a DNA molecule.
    • It is needed to ensure that all
    our body cells must carry the
    same genetic materials and that
    instructions are copied exactly.
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNKWgcFPHqw
    Key Enzymes in DNA
    Replication
    • Helicase
    • Primase
    • DNA Polymerase
    • Ligase
    Stages in DNA Replication

    • Unwinding
    • Base Pairing
    • Joining
    From This...
    1. Unwinding
    DNA helicase
    breaks the
    hydrogen To This...
    bonds between
    nitrogenous
    bases.
    2. Base Pairing
    New nucleotides
    are added to the
    parental
    template strand
    by the DNA
    primase.
    3. Joining
    DNA polymerase
    continues to add
    more
    complementary
    base pairs.

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