Rocks
Rocks
Rocks
That’s all! Please try to use correct spelling, although we will do our best to go through and check the spelling for each question, we cannot guarantee that we will do so. We hope you
enjoy!
~ Carolyn Kunze (Garnet Valley Coach) and Alisa Zhang (Mason '20, Pitt '24)
That’s all! Please try to use correct spelling, although we will do our best to go through and check the spelling for each question, we cannot guarantee that we will do so. We hope you
enjoy!
~ Carolyn Kunze (Garnet Valley Coach) and Alisa Zhang (Mason '20, Pitt '24)
1. (1.00 pts) What type(s) of rock is/are the most common on Earth?
A) Sedimentary
B) Igneous
C) Metamorphic
2. (2.00 pts) Check all of the statements below that are true.
(Mark ALL correct answers)
A) You can hike in the mountains and find extrusive igneous rocks on the Earth's surface, but you won't find intrusive igneous rocks on the surface.
B) A metamorphic rock can be uplifted and then reburied and metamorphosed again to form a different metamorphic rock.
C) A quartz crystal that formed in a granite rock can later become part of a sandstone if the granite is eroded.
D) A metamorphic rock does not become a sedimentary rock without becoming an igneous rock first.
E) An outcrop of rock is on the earth's surface and is likely to be weathered and eroded and turned into sediments.
3. (1.00 pts) Which of the following lists the processes is most likely an order that would turn the components of an igneous rock into a sedimentary rock?
4. (1.00 pts) An igneous rock can become a metamorphic rock if it melts and cools.
True False
5. (1.00 pts) Theories of the formation of the earth suggest that the planet was molten early on in its history. If this is true, then the first rocks on earth were igneous.
True False
A) Quartz is piezoelectric
7. (1.00 pts) Glass, ice, and silicon crystals grown in the lab are minerals.
True False
8. (1.00 pts) What is the most abundant group of minerals on Earth (plural)?
9. (2.00 pts) Oceanic crust rock, formed for example by sea-floor spreading in the Atlantic Ocean is likely to be ____.
10. (1.00 pts) Pillows, shown in the image below, is a rock structure formed ____.
B) As country rock at the edges of a pluton melt and solidify deep under the surface.
D) As lava enters a body of water like the ocean and cools on contact.
14. (1.00 pts) ______ is the most pure variety of the group that contains Rock B.
15. (1.00 pts) Identify Rock C, which fizzes with HCl. It's environment of formation is also shown. List its varietal name.
16. (2.00 pts) Rock C shows a more abnormal (non-clastic) way of sedimentary rock formation.
First blank: What is the name of the process that formed Rock C?
17. (2.00 pts) In cooler temperatures, Rock C forms mostly with ______(mineral) while warmer temperatures cause it to form with ______(mineral).
20. (2.00 pts) What two elements are most commonly associated with Rock D for its economic value? (alphabetical order)
Station 3 (9 pts)
Consider the mineral composition of Rock A when choosing your answer. Identify the protolith by letter (first blank) and name (second blank).
23. (1.00 pts) Identify Rock B, which is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of lithified mud.
24. (1.00 pts) Identify Rock C, which is highly metamorphosed. (2 samples are shown)
25. (2.00 pts) Rock B can become Rock C and then Rock A through regional metamorphism.
What two intermediate rock types can Rock B become on the way to becoming Rock C and Rock D? There are images of both.
26. (1.00 pts) Identify Rock D, which fizzes with HCl (Hydrochloric acid). This rock sparkles a bit like sugar.
27. (1.00 pts) What rock is the unmetamorphosed protolith (parent rock) of Rock D?
28. (2.00 pts) All of the metamorphic rocks at this station have been formed by regional metamorphism.
29. (3.00 pts) The minerals at this station have one or two obvious properties that help you to identify them. Fill in the blanks in order, one blank per mineral.
C. Mineral C has a distinctive brassy color, metallic luster and brownish-black streak. What is it?
30. (3.00 pts) The minerals at this station have one or two obvious properties that help you to identify them.
2. Mineral E has a colorful, iridescent surface with a metallic luster. What is its name?
3. What is Mineral E's common and more colorful name? ___________ ore.
31. (2.00 pts) All the minerals A through E at this station are classified as sulfides except ___?
A) Specimen A
B) Specimen B
C) Specimen D
D) Specimens A and B
E) Specimens A and D
F) Specimens A, B and D
32. (2.00 pts) Color can be helpful for identifying some minerals, and misleading for others. Here are four minerals whose colors should help you identify them.
Be sure to look at other properties to make your identification. B has a metallic luster. C is lavender in color and has 1 excellent cleavage. D is a polished specimen
1. What is Mineral A?
2. What is Mineral B?
33. (2.00 pts) Color can be helpful for identifying some minerals, and misleading for others. Here are four minerals whose colors should help you identify them.
Which specimen is a native element? What is a native element and why are native elements rare?
36. (1.00 pts) List these minerals in order from softest to hardest.
A) E, B, C, A, D
B) D, A, B, C, E
C) D, C, A, B, E
D) D, A, C, B, E
37. (1.00 pts) What is a possible hardness on Moh's Scale of Hardness for a mineral that does not scratch glass, but leaves a deep scratch on a penny?
A) 2.5
B) 4.5
C) 7.5
D) 8.5
38. (1.00 pts) What is the name of a mineral that has these properties: Metallic Luster, Red-brown streak, silvery gray color, and is slightly magnetic?
A) Galena
B) Magnetite
C) Pyrite
D) Hematite
39. (2.00 pts) The three transparent mineral shown below can be identified by their cleavage angles and optical properties.
41. (2.00 pts) The three transparent minerasl shown below can be identified by their cleavage angles and optical properties.
42. (1.00 pts) How many good to excellent cleavage directions does Mineral A have?
A) Zero cleavage directions, only fracture
B) One
C) Two
D) Three
43. (1.00 pts) How many good to excellent cleavage directions does Mineral B show?
B) One
C) Two
D) Three
44. (1.00 pts) Which mineral specimen shown has only two good cleavages?
B) Mineral B
C) Mineral C
D) Mineral D
E) Mineral E
F) Mineral F
45. (1.00 pts) Which mineral specimen(s) exhibit(s) three good to excellent cleavage directions? Be careful not to count growth surfaces.
B) Minerals C and D
C) Mineral C
D) Mineral D
E) Mineral E
F) Mineral F
46. (2.00 pts) Identify mineral A and identify the metal/valuable compound that mineral A is an ore of. This mineral is in the sulfide family and its name means "deceiving."
47. (2.00 pts) Identify Mineral B, which becomes magnetic when heated.
48. (1.00 pts) Aside from its use as an ore, name a current use for mineral B.
49. (1.00 pts) Specimen B does not form its own crystals directly. It replaces other minerals and fills in their shapes.
50. (2.00 pts) Identify Mineral C and identify the metal/valuable compound that it is an ore of.
51. (1.00 pts) List a use for the metal element that Specimen C is an ore of.
53. (1.00 pts) Which of the following types of rock does the Bowen’s Reaction Series apply to?
A) Igneous
B) Sedimentary
C) Metamorphic
54. (1.00 pts) In an ideal magma with sufficient constituents present, all the minerals in Bowen’s Reaction Series will crystallize at the same time.
True False
55. (1.00 pts) According to Bowen's Reaction Series, cooling temperature is the sole cause of the type of mineral formed.
True False
56. (3.00 pts) What is the difference between mafic and felsic rocks?
What is the name of the rock type that is the intermediate between them?
57. (2.00 pts) Based on the Series, we can tell that minerals with more _____ and _____ crystallize at higher temperatures. (Answer with elements in alphabetical order)
58. (2.00 pts) And minerals with more ______ and ______ crystallize at lower temperatures. (List elements in alphabetical order)
59. (1.00 pts) What is the most stable mineral in the discontinuous branch of Bowen's Reaction Series?
60. (2.00 pts) Hot molten and semi-molten rock is called _______ below the Earth’s surface and it forms _______ rocks.
61. (2.00 pts) Hot molten and semi-molten rock is called _______ after it erupts onto the surface and it forms _______ rocks.
62. (1.00 pts) The faster magma cools, the larger its crystal size.
True False
65. (2.00 pts) Which of the following igneous rocks cooled fairly quickly above the surface and has crystals that are mostly too small to see with the naked eye?
67. (2.00 pts) Which of the following igneous rock specimens began as slow cooling magma and then was erupted as lava onto the surface, where it finished cooling quickly?
Station 9 (8 pts)
For Hardness, take the lower end of the range. For Specific Gravity, round to the nearest tenth.
71. (1.00 pts) What is the green mineral that is often found with azurite?
72. (1.00 pts) What is the specific gravity of Barite?
74. (1.00 pts) The gemstone that comes from very pure samples of Beryl is _______.
75. (1.00 pts) What mineral can be both a blue sapphire and a red ruby?
76. (1.00 pts) What is the color of olivine, epidote and some calcite?
77. (2.00 pts) Identify the igneous rock structure shown in Image A. How does it form?
78. (1.00 pts) Which of the following images shows primarily pahoehoe lava?
A) Image A
B) Image B
C) Image C
D) Image D
E) Image E
F) Image F
79. (2.00 pts) What is the name of the structures shown in Image B?
81. (1.00 pts) Match the image of these metamorphic rocks to the name of the feature shown. Use each image only once.
A) Image A
B) Image B
C) Image C
D) Image D
E) Image E
F) Image F
82. (1.00 pts) Which image shows a sample of schistose foliation in metamorphic rock, caused by pressure causing of platy minerals like mica to orient in the same direction?
A) Image A
B) Image B
C) Image C
D) Image D
E) Image E
F) Image F
83. (2.00 pts) Image F shows banding in a sample of gneiss. How is banding different from foliation?
84. (1.00 pts) Lineation is caused when long, narrow minerals line up pressure, as in the center of a fold.
B) Image B
C) Image C
D) Image D
E) Image E
F) Image F
A) Image A
B) Image B
C) Image C
D) Image D
E) Image E
F) Image F
86. (1.00 pts) From the diagram below, which statement is NOT likely to be true?
A) New Jersey beach sand is well-sorted because waves lift up and carry away most clay and silt-sized particles.
B) New Jersey beach sand grains tend to be very angular because they are composed largely of quartz, which is a very hard and resistant mineral
C) Sand dune deposits are well-sorted because wind is unable to support and move grains of gravel size and larger.
D) Sand dune deposits are well-sorted because silt and mud-sized particles are moved within the column of air, but sand-sized grains are moved by bouncing along the surface.
87. (1.00 pts) According to this table of sediment size below, how would you classify a sediment that is 0.05mm in size?
88. (1.00 pts) You sample sediments in a river at a point 15 miles from a mountain, and at a point 150 miles from the mountain.
The sample closer to the mountain will have ___ compared to the sample farther from the mountain.
89. (1.00 pts) The labeled diagram below shows environments of deposition of sedimentary rocks.
B) Aeolian
C) Reef
D) Evaporitic
E) Beach
F) Abyssal
90. (1.00 pts) The labeled diagram below shows environments of deposition of sedimentary rocks.
B) Fluvial
C) Beach
D) Lagoonal
E) Lacustrine
F) Abyssal
91. (1.00 pts) The labeled diagram below shows environments of deposition of sedimentary rocks.
In which of the following environments would very fine muds and limestone be deposited, forming the rocks that contain well-defined fossils like Archaeopteryx?
A) Alluvial
B) Lagoonal
C) Fluvial
D) Karstic
E) Beach
F) Aeolian
92. (3.00 pts) The labeled diagram below shows environments of deposition of sedimentary rocks.
1. In which of the following environments would you find the most poorly sorted sediments, containing boulders to mud-sized clasts?
Choose the letter of the environment where the rock to the right would form.
B) Location "b"
C) Location "c"
D) Location "d"
E) Location "e"
94. (1.00 pts) The country rock (location B in the diagram) into which magma intrudes is altered by heat and hydrothermal processes.
New minerals crystallize in these country rocks to form the skarn rock shown below containing calcite, garnet and pyroxene.
Choose the letter of the environment where the rock to the right would form.
A) Location "a"
B) Location "b"
C) Location "c'
D) Location "d"
E) Location "e"
Choose the letter of the environment where the rock to the right would form.
A) Location "a"
B) Location "b"
C) Location "c"
D) Location "d"
E) Location "e"
97. (3.00 pts) 1. Identify Mineral A, which often has a pistachio green color.
2. Identify the very hard and valuable Mineral B from a diagram of its crystal structure.
3. Mineral L has a very low specific gravity and is often found with asbestos.
2. Rock B is sedimentary rock whose name derives from the ancient Greek word for "egg."
103. (1.00 pts) Which of these mineral habits would be identified as dendritic?
A) Specimen A
B) Specimen B
C) Specimen C
D) Specimen D
E) Specimen E
F) Specimen F
104. (1.00 pts) Which mineral specimen would be called "botryoidal" in habit?
A) Specimen A
B) Specimen B
C) Specimen C
D) Specimen D
E) Specimen E
F) Specimen IF
105. (1.00 pts) Which specimen below would be called "radial" or "radiating?"
A) Specimen A
B) Specimen B
C) Specimen C
D) Specimen D
E) Specimen E
F) Specimen F
106. (2.00 pts) It's crystal habit makes Specimen B easy to identify.
A) Orthorhombic
B) Hexagonal
C) Cubic
D) Monoclinic
E) Triclinic
F) None of these.
A) Isometric (cubic)
B) Tetragonal
C) Orthorhombic
D) Monoclinc
E) Triclinic
F) Hexagonal
109. (2.00 pts) Which specimen(s) shown below are in the isometric (cubic) system?
A) Specimen A
B) Specimen B
C) Specimen D
D) Specimens A and B
E) Specimens B and D
F) Specimens A, B, and D
110. (1.00 pts) The geometric shape, hardness( ~8) and color of Mineral A makes it easy to identify. What is the name of this mineral?
111. (2.00 pts) All minerals below are shown in uncut, unpolished form with either cleavage, fracture, or growth surfaces showing.
Minerals A, B and C scratch glass easily. Mineral D has a hardness of 5.5-6.5 and fluoresces in UV light.
If minerals are identified on the official list with a variety, name the variety.
1. Identify Mineral A
2. Identify Mineral B
112. (2.00 pts) All minerals below are shown in uncut, unpolished form with growth surfaces showing.
Minerals A, B and C scratch glass easily. Mineral D has a hardness of 5.5-6.5 and fluoresces in UV light.
If minerals are identified on the official list with a variety, name the variety.
1. Identify Mineral C
2. Identify Mineral D
113. (2.00 pts) All minerals below are shown in uncut, unpolished form with either cleavage, fracture, or growth surfaces showing.
114. (2.00 pts) All minerals below are shown in uncut, unpolished form with either cleavage, fracture, or growth surfaces showing.
115. (1.00 pts) All of these samples are of the same mineral, with the same chemical composition.
116. (3.00 pts) All minerals below are shown in uncut, unpolished form with either cleavage, fracture, or growth surfaces showing.
Mineral H can barely scratch a penny and fizzes with hydrochloric acid.
1. Identify Mineral H.
2. Identify Mineral I
3. Identify Mineral J
117. (1.00 pts) This mineral shown below can scratch all the other minerals at this station.
118. (0.00 pts) Congrats on getting through or looking at the length of the entire test! Enter a smiley face ":D" for a tiebreaker point. Yay for time management!
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