Section 1 , Module 1:

Reading and Writing 31:40

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Craftsman Ben McCall is known for his 1 Mark for Review abc

exquisite pottery, ______ clay that has been

carefully sourced from local riverbeds. In Which choice completes the text with
adhering to time-honored techniques, he the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
meticulously molds the clay, fires it in a
specialized kiln, and then carefully applies a
glaze, each step contributing to unique Ⓐ extracted from
pieces that stand apart from mass-produced
items.
Ⓑ handmade from

Ⓒ signified by

Ⓓ contrasted with

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:42
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Historians point out that while the 2 Mark for Review abc

technologies of the Industrial Revolution

dramatically increased production Which choice completes the text with
capabilities, their effect on workers' the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
satisfaction and well-being may have been
______: present but not significantly
contributing to improvement in their overall Ⓐ tangible
quality of life.

Ⓑ beneficial

Ⓒ fundamental

Ⓓ inconsequential

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:44
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In contesting the assumption that the 3 Mark for Review abc

journal Glimpses into the Renaissance (1952)

should encapsulate a homogeneous Which choice completes the text with
perspective on Renaissance art and culture, the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
editor Lucia Marquez promoted the diversity
of her contributors' viewpoints by endorsing
their creative liberty. Marquez's understated Ⓐ pioneering
approach was markedly different from the
editorial policies of Ethan Wright and Sofia
Ⓑ autocratic
Barrett, whose management of their
publications was more ______.
Ⓒ sporadic

Ⓓ informal

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:56
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During an archaeological exploration in 4 Mark for Review abc

India in 2019, a team of researchers

stumbled upon evidence of early surgical Which choice completes the text with
instruments. This discovery could potentially the most logical and precise word or
phrase?
______ the long-standing presumption that
the ancient society in this region did not
engage in advanced medical procedures. Ⓐ champion

Ⓑ counter

Ⓒ echo

Ⓓ approve

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:23
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The text is adapted from Murmurs of the Mind 5 Mark for Review abc

by Isabel Fenwick. The characters Miranda and

Sebastian delve into the intricate nature of As used in the text, what does the word
human memory. “withstanding” most nearly mean?

Ⓐ Fighting
MIRANDA: Each memory we have, Sebastian, is
like a whisper in the corridors of the mind.
Fragile, yet somehow indelible. Ⓑ Enduring

SEBASTIAN: Whispers are generally weak, Ⓒ Strengthening

aren't they?

Ⓓ Fading
MIRANDA: No, they're not weak. They're just
delicate entities, not entirely capable of
withstanding the erosion of time.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:47
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Yoga, a discipline with its roots in ancient India, 6 Mark for Review abc

has gained global popularity for promoting

physical fitness and mental tranquility. However, Which choice best describes the function of
despite its widespread appeal and perceived the second sentence in the overall structure of
the text?
benefits, some health experts express concern
about the potential risk of injury if yoga postures
are not performed with proper form. Responding Ⓐ It presents the common perception of
yoga.
to these concerns, in 2019, physical therapist
Robert Saper embarked on a research study aimed
at exploring the risk factors associated with yoga-
Ⓑ It provides an explanation for why
related injuries. Saper decided to conduct his study.

Ⓒ It summarizes the results of Saper's

study.

Ⓓ It advocates for stricter regulation of

yoga instruction.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:43
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The following text is from Edward Brenton’s 1915 7 Mark for Review abc

poem To the Keeper of History. The speaker

addresses a diligent historian in this poem. Which choice best states the main purpose of
the text?

Your pen, a tool that weaves the past, Ⓐ To appreciate a certain historian for
Revealing truths in shadows cast, their meticulous recounting of history
Through thy chronicles, epochs last,
From ancient realms to recent past.
The stories of forgotten kings, Ⓑ To discuss the writer's methodology in
To thee, their memory clings, producing accurate historical narratives
And even the silent stones,
Speak through thy historical tomes.
Ⓒ To debate the validity of a historian's
interpretation of past events

Ⓓ To reminisce about a historical era that

the writer found particularly interesting

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 Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 31:42
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Recent studies on how environmental factors affect learning 8 Mark for Review abc

have urged caution in drawing quick conclusions. A pertinent

example is the 2017 experiment conducted by Jonas Kaplan, Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
who explored the effects of ambient noise levels on language
learning in adults. The prevailing assumption is that higher Ⓐ It contends that assumptions about the negative
levels of noise could disrupt concentration and thereby impact of ambient noise on learning are often based on
hinder learning. Kaplan thus hypothesized that participants misinterpretations of studies like Kaplan’s.
learning new vocabulary in a quieter setting would
outperform those in a noisier environment, attributing better
Ⓑ It introduces Kaplan’s study to question the
outcomes to fewer distractions and enhanced focus. Contrary
methodologies and conclusions of prior research on
to his expectations, however, the study revealed no ambient noise and learning.
significant difference in language acquisition between the
two groups.
Ⓒ It highlights a key issue in the current
understanding of how environmental noise affects
learning, detailing Kaplan’s attempt to address it.

Ⓓ It discusses Kaplan’s study to emphasize the

need for careful consideration before claiming that
ambient noise affects learning outcomes.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:41
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The following text is adapted from Thrones of Glass 9 Mark for Review abc

by A.J. Ravencraft. In this scene, the protagonist,

Prince Corin, witnesses the theft of a magical artifact. Which choice best describes the overall structure
of the text?

Standing in the shadows of the royal gallery, Prince Ⓐ It introduces the thief's successful
Corin watched as a masked figure snatched the mission, then focuses on Prince Corin's reaction.
revered Moonstone from its pedestal. Silent alarm
rippled through him, but he dared not make a move,
lest he alerted the thief. As the figure disappeared Ⓑ It explores the mystery surrounding the
into the darkness, Corin emerged from his hiding Moonstone, then narrates its unexpected theft.
place, his mind working furiously to devise a plan. He
knew the importance of the Moonstone, and the peril
Ⓒ It recounts Prince Corin's observation of
it posed in the wrong hands. With a sense of grim the theft, then details his resolve to recover the
determination, Corin decided to embark on a artifact.
dangerous quest to retrieve it.

Ⓓ It presents Prince Corin's hidden position,

then describes the thief's escape.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:42
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This passage is from Charlotte Boyce's novel 10 Mark for Review abc

Whispers in the Wind. It provides a brief look into

the life of Amelia. From the text, what can be inferred about
Amelia?

Amelia, a spirited young woman, left the peaceful Ⓐ Amelia is a timid woman overwhelmed
tranquillity of her serene hometown for the by the city's bustling life.
towering, intimidating buildings and ceaseless
hustle of the metropolis. The city, with its
overwhelming pace and relentless noise, was a Ⓑ Amelia regrets her decision to move
stark contrast to the peaceful serenity she was to the city.
used to, but Amelia embraced the chaos with
open arms and an unyielding spirit. Her infectious
Ⓒ Amelia’s enthusiasm and
enthusiasm and dogged determination made her determination help her adjust to city life.
a force to reckon with amidst the sprawling urban
jungle.
Ⓓ Amelia is struggling to adapt to the
demanding city life.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:43
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Maya Singh is celebrated for her compelling 11 Mark for Review abc

photographs capturing the ethereal beauty of diverse

global climate zones. In her latest collection of Which choice best states the main idea of the
photographs, she turned her focus to the desolate yet text?
bewitchingly captivating landscapes of the Arctic
Circle. After the public exhibition of this collection, a Ⓐ Maya Singh is a landscape photographer
majority of visitors expressed that they experienced a known for her work on climate zones worldwide.
profound and unexpected sense of urgency towards
climate change issues, stirred by the poignant images
Ⓑ The Arctic Circle has been the focus of
captured by Singh.
numerous photographic exhibitions.

Ⓒ Singh's Arctic Circle series of

photographs evokes a sense of urgency towards
climate change among its viewers.

Ⓓ The public exhibition of Singh's Arctic

Circle collection was the most attended event of
the year.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:46
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The Sargasso Sea is unique in being the only sea 12 Mark for Review abc

without a land boundary. In recent years, it has

witnessed a sharp increase in the accumulation of According to the text, why are environmentalists
free-floating sargassum seaweed, causing concern worried about the Sargasso Sea?
among the environmentalists. This accumulation,
while providing a habitat for various marine life, has Ⓐ It is losing its unique status as the only
a dark side; excessive seaweed can create dead zones sea without a land boundary.
with reduced oxygen levels, significantly disrupting
the marine ecosystem's delicate balance.
Ⓑ The increase in sargassum is leading to a
decline in marine life diversity.

Ⓒ The rising temperatures are causing

severe damage to the surrounding continents.

Ⓓ The surplus of sargassum could lead to

reduced oxygen levels in certain marine zones.

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 Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 31:45
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Celestial Motifs is a 1914 novel by Eleanor Gray. In the novel, 13 Mark for Review abc

astronomer James Rowland travels to a remote observatory

in Chile to study the southern sky. His letters to the Which quotation from Rowland's letters most effectively
astronomy club in England detail his observations and the illustrates the claim?
excitement of mapping previously uncharted celestial
phenomena: ______ Ⓐ "Last night, I was awed by the luminous tapestry
of the Milky Way, its clarity here far surpassing what
we've glimpsed in the northern hemisphere."

Ⓑ "The thrill of identifying an uncharted nebula in

the Carina constellation was exhilarating, a moment that
will redefine our celestial charts."

Ⓒ "Each evening brings with it the thrill of the hunt

as we pursue the faint flicker of distant galaxies, barely
perceptible even through our powerful telescopes."

Ⓓ "The comet's path has been precisely calculated,

adding to our compendium of cometary orbits,
previously unobserved from northern latitudes."

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:36
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Several medieval manuscripts contain illustrations 14 Mark for Review abc

of a figure performing feats of strength. Some

scholars propose that this figure represents the Which choice most logically completes the
legendary hero Hercules, since he was renowned text?
for his exceptional strength in myths. However,
historian Daniel Acker asserts that physical Ⓐ doesn't conclusively prove that the
prowess was often used as a symbol of moral figure is Hercules.
fortitude in medieval narratives. The fact that the
figure is depicted performing feats of strength,
Ⓑ suggests that Hercules was a common
therefore, ______
theme in medieval literature.

Ⓒ dismisses the idea that the figure

represents Hercules.

Ⓓ would be hard to justify if the figure

isn't Hercules.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:45
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In literary criticism, scholars often analyze 15 Mark for Review abc

authors' work and sometimes refer to and discuss

historical and contemporary literary theorists. Which choice most logically completes the
Literature professor and theorist Charles Adams text?
argues that while critics are naturally inclined to
reference theorists who support their own Ⓐ make literary critiques more accessible
interpretations, the strongest literary critiques to readers without a background in literary
theory.
anticipate and respond to potential
counterarguments; discussing theorists whose
views differ from critics’ views could therefore
Ⓑ enhance the robustness of the
______ arguments made in literary critiques.

Ⓒ align literary critiques with views that

are widely held among literary theorists.

Ⓓ help critics write literary critiques

without having to consult theoretical works.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:46
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Recognized as an architectural marvel, the Great 16 Mark for Review abc

Wall of China is an iconic historical landmark that

stretches across northern China. Unfortunately, as Which choice completes the text so that it
______ report, ongoing erosion and human conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
activities are posing significant threats to its long-
term preservation.
Ⓐ archaeologists, Li Jing and Wang Wei,

Ⓑ archaeologists, Li Jing and Wang Wei

Ⓒ archaeologists Li Jing and Wang Wei

Ⓓ archaeologists Li Jing, and Wang Wei

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:48
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For decades, musicologists attributed the 17 Mark for Review abc

composition of the symphony La Poule to Joseph

Haydn. However, upon analyzing the score's Which choice completes the text so that it
stylistic elements, ______ may have been its true conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
author.

Ⓐ musicologist Rita Goldberg suggests

that Michael Haydn

Ⓑ it is Michael Haydn, musicologist Rita

Goldberg suggests,

Ⓒ musicologist Rita Goldberg's

suggestion is that Michael Haydn

Ⓓ Michael Haydn, musicologist Rita

Goldberg suggests,

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:19
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Famed children's author Olivia Greene 18 Mark for Review abc

enchanted readers with her imaginative

stories. Her book The Little Witch chronicles Which choice completes the text so that
the adventures of a young sorceress, while it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
her other book ______ explores the friendship
between a young boy and a talking tree.
Ⓐ The Speaking Tree—

Ⓑ The Speaking Tree,

Ⓒ The Speaking Tree:

Ⓓ The Speaking Tree

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:55
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The waterfalls of Oregon's Silver Falls State 19 Mark for Review abc

Park were formed through a process of

fluvial erosion, wherein the continuous Which choice completes the text so that
movement of water erodes the rock—in this it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
case, the basaltic bedrock in the region
around Silver Falls State ______ form the
park's stunning waterfalls. Ⓐ Park, to

Ⓑ Park: to

Ⓒ Park to

Ⓓ Park—to

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:51
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During the 1920s, American business 20 Mark for Review abc

magnate and inventor Henry Ford

revolutionized the automobile industry. Which choice completes the text so that
With his assembly-line method, he made the it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
Model T, which ______ of the more expensive
vehicle at the time.
Ⓐ were a cheaper, simpler version

Ⓑ were cheaper, simpler versions

Ⓒ was a cheaper, simpler version

Ⓓ are cheaper, simpler versions

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:57
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A recent study by Henry Johnson, one of 21 Mark for Review abc

NASA's leading scientists, in 2022, provides

an in-depth look into advances in space Which choice completes the text so that
exploration technology, particularly it conforms to the conventions of
Standard English?
focusing on the use of solar sails for
interstellar _______ harnessing the renewable,
virtually limitless energy emitted by stars to Ⓐ travel the technique of
efficiently propel spacecraft across vast
cosmic distances.
Ⓑ travel: the technique of

Ⓒ travel; the technique of

Ⓓ travel. the technique of

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:53
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In the early 1900s, the Wright brothers 22 Mark for Review abc

made history with the first successful flight.

Their invention sparked a revolution in Which choice completes the text with
transportation, bringing about an era where the most logical transition?
travel became much more accessible. ______
they faced numerous challenges and Ⓐ Furthermore,
skepticism throughout their journey.

Ⓑ Therefore,

Ⓒ Indeed,

Ⓓ Yet,

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:57
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During the Middle Ages, alchemists in 23 Mark for Review abc

Europe pursued the elusive goal of

transmuting base metals into gold. Their Which choice completes the text with
extensive experiments and documentation, the most logical transition?
however, often led them into areas of
pseudoscience and mysticism. When Ⓐ Still,
empirical scientific methods rose in
prominence, favoring evidence and
Ⓑ Simultaneously,
reproducibility, they offered a stark contrast
to the mystical aspects of alchemy. ______ the
alchemical tradition's influence began to Ⓒ Consequently,
fade.

Ⓓ Notwithstanding,

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 Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 31:35
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 24 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to emphasize the significance of
Goddard's innovation. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this
Robert H. Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket goal?
in 1926.
Ⓐ Robert H. Goddard launched the first liquid-
Liquid-fueled rocket has a rocket engine that uses liquid fueled rocket in 1926, despite his initial belief in the
efficiency of solid fuel for rocket propulsion.
propellants.

Goddard initially thought that a solid fuel would be more Ⓑ Goddard's first liquid-fueled rocket had a rocket
efficient for rocket propulsion. engine that uses liquid propellants.

His innovation paved the way for space exploration.

Ⓒ Goddard’s launch of the first liquid-fueled rocket
in 1926 paved the way for space exploration, greatly
Space exploration has greatly increased our increasing our understanding of the universe.
understanding of the universe.

Ⓓ Although his launch of the first liquid-fueled

rocket in 1926 paved the way for space exploration,
Goddard initially thought that solid fuel would be more
efficient for rocket propulsion.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:44
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the 25 Mark for Review abc

following notes:
The student wants to present the significance of the
Montreal Protocol to an audience unfamiliar with the
policy. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 to address information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
the growing problem of ozone depletion.
Ⓐ The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 to
The protocol enforced the phasing out of certain address the problem of ozone depletion.
chemicals called CFCs, which were causing the
depletion of the ozone layer.
Ⓑ The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987,
enforced the phasing out of CFCs, leading to the
After the implementation of the Protocol, the recovery of the ozone layer by 2018.
production and consumption of these chemicals
decreased globally.
Ⓒ After the implementation of the Montreal
Protocol, the ozone layer began recovering by 2018.
By 2018, the ozone layer had started to recover.

Ⓓ The Montreal Protocol enforced the phasing

out of CFCs, which were responsible for ozone
depletion.

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 Section 1 , Module 1: Reading
and Writing 31:50
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following 26 Mark for Review abc

notes:
The student wants to present the study's findings to an
audience already familiar with the albedo effect. Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from
An albedo effect is the measure of how much light that the notes to accomplish this goal?
hits a surface is reflected without being absorbed.
Ⓐ Surfaces with higher reflectivity can contribute
In 2023, a group of ecologists examined the albedo effect less to local warming.
across fifty arctic regions.

Ⓑ The group examined the albedo effect in fifty

Arctic regions are areas characterized by extreme cold arctic regions, known for their cold, ice-covered
and ice-covered landscapes. landscapes.

The ecologists observed that areas with higher albedo

Ⓒ In areas with a higher albedo effect—where
effect often had lower average temperatures.
surfaces reflect more solar energy—cooler temperatures
were observed, underscoring the impact of reflectivity
One hypothesis for this observation is that surfaces with on local climate.
higher reflectivity contribute less to local warming, as
they reflect more solar energy back into space.
Ⓓ The ecologists discovered that arctic regions with
a higher albedo effect also had lower average
temperatures.

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 Section 1 , Module 1:
Reading and Writing 31:43
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While researching a topic, a student has taken the 27 Mark for Review abc

following notes:
The student wants to describe Edward Jenner's
achievement to an audience unfamiliar with his
method of smallpox innoculation. Which choice most
Before the late 18th century, smallpox was a deadly effectively uses relevant information from the notes
disease with no known cure. to accomplish this goal?

Edward Jenner, an English physician, developed a Ⓐ Edward Jenner was an English physician who
developed a method of smallpox inoculation.
method of smallpox inoculation in 1796.

This method, which was the precursor of modern Ⓑ Jenner's method of smallpox inoculation was
vaccination, involved injecting a small dose of a precursor to modern vaccination.
cowpox virus to prevent smallpox.

Ⓒ The method of smallpox inoculation

Jenner's discovery played a crucial role in the
developed by Jenner in 1796 led to the eradication
eventual eradication of smallpox in 1980. of smallpox.

Ⓓ In 1796, Edward Jenner created a smallpox

inoculation using the cowpox virus, aiding in
smallpox's eventual eradication.

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