The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962.

Active across seven

decades, they are one of the most popular and enduring bands of the rock era. In the early
1960s, the band pioneered the gritty, rhythmically driven sound that came to define hard
rock. Their first stable line-up consisted of vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist Keith Richards,
multi-instrumentalist Brian Jones, bassist Bill Wyman, and drummer Charlie Watts. During
their early years, Jones was the primary leader. Andrew Loog Oldham became their manager
in 1963 and encouraged them to write their own songs. The Jagger–Richards partnership
became the band's primary songwriting and creative force.

Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the Rolling Stones started out playing covers and
were at the forefront of the British Invasion in 1964, becoming identified with the youthful
counterculture of the 1960s. They then found greater success with their own material, as "(I
Can't Get No) Satisfaction", "Get Off of My Cloud" (both 1965), and "Paint It Black" (1966)
became international number-one hits. Aftermath (1966), their first entirely original album, is
often considered to be the most important of their early albums. In 1967, they had the double-
sided hit "Ruby Tuesday"/"Let's Spend the Night Together" and experimented with
psychedelic rock on Their Satanic Majesties Request. By the end of the 1960s, they had
returned to their rhythm and blues-based rock sound, with hit singles "Jumpin' Jack Flash"
(1968) and "Honky Tonk Women" (1969), and albums Beggars Banquet (1968), featuring
"Sympathy for the Devil" and "Street Fighting Man", and Let It Bleed (1969), featuring "You
Can't Always Get What You Want" and "Gimme Shelter".

Jones left the band shortly before his death in 1969, having been replaced by Mick Taylor.
That year they were first introduced on stage as "the greatest rock and roll band in the world".
Sticky Fingers (1971), which yielded "Brown Sugar" and "Wild Horses" and included the
first usage of their tongue and lips logo, was their first of eight consecutive number-one
studio albums in the US. It was followed by Exile on Main St. (1972), featuring "Tumbling
Dice" and "Happy", and Goats Head Soup (1973), featuring "Angie". Taylor left the band at
the end of 1974 and was replaced by Ronnie Wood. The band released Some Girls in 1978,
featuring "Miss You" and "Beast of Burden", and Tattoo You in 1981, featuring "Start Me
Up". Steel Wheels (1989) was widely considered a comeback album and was followed by
Voodoo Lounge (1994). Both releases were promoted by large stadium and arena tours, as the
Stones continued to be a huge concert attraction; by 2007, they had broken the record for the
all-time highest-grossing concert tour three times, and they were the highest-earning live act
of 2021. Following Wyman's departure in 1993, the band continued as a four-piece core, with
Darryl Jones becoming their regular bassist, and then as a three-piece core following Watts'
death in 2021, with Steve Jordan becoming their regular drummer. Hackney Diamonds, the
band's first new album of original material in 18 years, was released in October 2023,
becoming their fourteenth UK number-one album.

The Rolling Stones' estimated record sales of more than 250 million make them one of the
best-selling music artists of all time. They have won three Grammy Awards and a Grammy
Lifetime Achievement Award. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in
1989 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004. Billboard and Rolling Stone have ranked them
as one of the greatest artists of all time.

History
Early history
 The blue plaque commemorating Jagger and Richards
meeting on Platform 2 at Dartford railway station in Kent, on 17 October 1961

Keith Richards and Mick Jagger became classmates and childhood friends in 1950 in
Dartford, Kent.[1][2] The Jagger family moved to Wilmington, Kent, five miles (8.0 km) away,
in 1954.[3] In the mid-1950s Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor. The
group mainly played material by Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin' Wolf,
and Bo Diddley.[3] Jagger again met Richards on 17 October 1961 on platform two at
Dartford railway station.[4] Jagger was carrying records by Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters;
these revealed to Richards a shared interest. A musical partnership began shortly afterwards.
[5][6]
Richards and Taylor often met Jagger at his house. The meetings moved to Taylor's
house in late 1961, where Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith joined the trio; the quintet
called themselves the Blues Boys.[7]

In March 1962, the Blues Boys read about the Ealing Jazz Club in the newspaper Jazz News,
which mentioned Alexis Korner's rhythm and blues band, Alexis Korner's Blues
Incorporated. The Blues Boys sent a tape of their best recordings to Korner, who was
impressed.[8] On 7 April, they visited the Ealing Jazz Club, where they met the members of
Blues Incorporated, who included slide guitarist Brian Jones, keyboardist Ian Stewart, and
drummer Charlie Watts.[8] After a meeting with Korner, Jagger and Richards started jamming
with the group.[8]

Having left Blues Incorporated, Jones advertised for bandmates in Jazz Weekly in the week of
2 May 1962.[9] Ian Stewart was among the first to respond to the ad.[9] In June, Jagger, Taylor,
and Richards left Blues Incorporated to join Jones and Stewart.[9] The first rehearsal included
guitarist Geoff Bradford and vocalist Brian Knight, both of whom decided not to join the
band. They objected to playing the Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs preferred by Jagger
and Richards.[10] That same month, the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman completed
the line-up of Jagger, Richards, Jones, Stewart, and Taylor. According to Richards, Jones
named the band during a phone call to Jazz News. When asked by a journalist for the band's
name, Jones saw a Muddy Waters LP lying on the floor; one of the tracks was "Rollin'
Stone".[11][12] Jones was the band's "uncontested leader" during its early years[13][14] and a key
to the band's early success.[15]

1962–1964: Building a following

The band played their first show billed as "the Rollin' Stones" on 12 July 1962, at the
Marquee Club in London.[16][17][18][a] At the time, the band consisted of Jones, Jagger, Richards,
Stewart, and Taylor.[21] Bill Wyman auditioned for the role of bass guitarist at a pub in
Chelsea on 7 December 1962 and was hired as a successor to Dick Taylor. The band were
impressed by his instrument and amplifiers (including the Vox AC30).[22] The classic line-up
of the Rolling Stones, with Charlie Watts on drums, played for the first time in public on
Saturday, 12 January 1963 at the Ealing Jazz Club.[23] However, it was not until a gig there on
2 February 1963 that Watts became the Stones' permanent drummer.[24]

The backroom of the former Crawdaddy Club in

Richmond, London, where the Rolling Stones had their first residency, beginning in February
1963

Shortly afterwards, the band began their first tour of the UK, performing Chicago blues,
including songs by Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley.[25] By 1963, they were finding their musical
stride as well as popularity.[26] In 1964, they beat the Beatles as the number one United
Kingdom band in two surveys.[27] The band's name was changed shortly after their first gig to
the Rolling Stones.[28][29] Their acting manager, Giorgio Gomelsky, secured a Sunday
afternoon residency at the Crawdaddy Club in Richmond, London, in February 1963.[30]

In May 1963, the Rolling Stones signed Andrew Loog Oldham as their manager.[31] He had
been directed to them by his previous clients, the Beatles.[18][32] Oldham, then 19, had not
reached the age of majority—he was also younger than anyone in the band— and so could
not obtain an agent's licence or sign any contracts without his mother co-signing.[32] By
necessity he joined with booking agent Eric Easton[33] to secure record financing and
assistance booking venues.[31] Gomelsky, who had no written agreement with the band, was
not consulted.[34]

Oldham initially tried applying the strategy used by Brian Epstein, the manager of the
Beatles, and have the Rolling Stones wear suits. He later changed his mind and imagined a
band that contrasted with the Beatles, featuring unmatched clothing, long hair, and an unclean
appearance. He wanted to make the Stones "a raunchy, gamy, unpredictable bunch of
undesirables" and to "establish that the Stones were threatening, uncouth and animalistic". [35]
Stewart left the official line-up, but remained road manager and touring keyboardist. Of
Stewart's decision, Oldham later said, "Well, he just doesn't look the part, and six is too many
for [fans] to remember the faces in the picture."[36] Later, Oldham reduced the band members'
ages in publicity material to make them appear as teenagers.[37]

Decca Records, which had declined to sign a deal with the Beatles, gave the Rolling Stones a
recording contract with favourable terms.[38] The band were to receive a royalty rate three
times as high as that typically given to a new act, full artistic control of recordings, and
ownership of the recording master tapes.[39][40] The deal also let the band use non-Decca
recording studios. Regent Sound Studios, a mono facility equipped with egg boxes on the
ceiling for sound treatment, became their preferred location.[41][42] Oldham, who had no
recording experience but made himself the band's producer, said Regent had a sound that
"leaked, instrument-to-instrument, the right way" creating a "wall of noise" that worked well
for the band.[40][43] Because of Regent's low booking rates, the band could record for extended
periods rather than the usual three-hour blocks common at other studios. All tracks on the
first Rolling Stones album, The Rolling Stones, were recorded there.[44][45]
Oldham contrasted the Rolling Stones' independence with the Beatles' obligation to record in
EMI's studios, saying it made the Beatles appear as "mere mortals ... sweating in the studio
for the man".[46] He promoted the Rolling Stones as the nasty counterpoint to the Beatles, by
having the band pose unsmiling on the cover of their first album. He also encouraged the
press to use provocative headlines such as: "Would you let your daughter marry a Rolling
Stone?"[47][48] In contrast, Wyman says: "Our reputation and image as the Bad Boys came
later, completely there, accidentally. ... [Oldham] never did engineer it. He simply exploited it
exhaustively."[49] In a 1971 interview, Wyman stated, "We were the first pop group to break
away from the whole Cliff Richard thing where the bands did little dance steps, wore
identical uniforms and had snappy patter."[50]

A cover version of Chuck Berry's "Come On" was the Rolling Stones' first single, released on
7 June 1963. The band refused to play it at live gigs,[51] and Decca bought only one ad to
promote the record. At Oldham's direction, fan-club members bought copies at record shops
polled by the charts,[52] helping "Come On" rise to number 21 on the UK Singles Chart.[53]
Having a charting single gave the band entrée to play outside London, starting with a booking
at the Outlook Club in Middlesbrough on 13 July, sharing the billing with the Hollies.[54][b]
Later in 1963, Oldham and Easton arranged the band's first big UK concert tour as a
supporting act for American stars, including Bo Diddley, Little Richard, and the Everly
Brothers. The tour gave the band the opportunity to hone their stagecraft.[40][56][57]

During the tour, the band recorded their second single, a Lennon–McCartney song, "I Wanna
Be Your Man".[58][59] It reached number 13 on the UK charts.[60] The Beatles' own recording of
the song is included on the 1963 album With the Beatles.[61] On 1 January 1964, the Stones'
were the first band to play on BBC's Top of the Pops, performing "I Wanna Be Your Man".[62]
In January 1964 the band released a self-titled EP, which became their first number 1 record
in the UK.[63] The third single by the Stones, Buddy Holly's "Not Fade Away", reflecting Bo
Diddley's style, was released in February 1964 and reached number 3.[64]

The Rolling Stones arriving at Amsterdam Airport

Schiphol, Netherlands, in 1964. From left to right: Wyman, Richards, Jones, Watts and
Jagger

Oldham saw little future for an act that gave up the chance to get significant songwriting
royalties by only playing the songs of what he described as "middle-aged blacks", thus
limiting their appeal to teenage audiences. Jagger and Richards decided to write songs
together. Oldham described the first batch as "soppy and imitative".[65] Because the band's
songwriting developed slowly, songs on their first album The Rolling Stones (1964; issued in
the US as England's Newest Hit Makers), were primarily covers, with only one
Jagger/Richards original—"Tell Me (You're Coming Back)"—and two numbers credited to
Nanker Phelge, the pen name used for songs written by the entire group.[66]

The Rolling Stones' first US tour in June 1964 was "a disaster", according to Wyman. "When
we arrived, we didn't have a hit record [there] or anything going for us."[67] When the band
appeared on the variety show The Hollywood Palace, that week's guest host, Dean Martin,
mocked both their hair and their performance.[68] During the tour they recorded for two days
at Chess Studios in Chicago, meeting many of their most important influences, including
Muddy Waters.[69][70] These sessions included what would become the Rolling Stones' first
number 1 hit in the UK, their cover version of Bobby and Shirley Womack's "It's All Over
Now".[71]

The Stones followed the Famous Flames, featuring James Brown, in the theatrical release of
the 1964 film T.A.M.I. Show, which showcased American acts with British Invasion artists.
According to Jagger, "We weren't actually following James Brown because there was
considerable time between the filming of each section. Nevertheless, he was still very
annoyed about it ..."[72] On 25 October the band appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show. Because
of the pandemonium surrounding the Stones, Sullivan initially declined to rebook them.[73]
However, he booked them for appearances in 1966[74] and 1967.[75]

A second EP, Five by Five, was issued in the UK in August 1964.[76] In the US the EP was
expanded into their second LP, 12 X 5, which was released in October during the tour.[77] The
Rolling Stones' fifth UK single, a cover of Willie Dixon's "Little Red Rooster"—with "Off
the Hook", credited to Nanker Phelge, as the B-side—was released in November 1964 and
became their second number 1 hit in the UK.[64] The band's US distributors, London Records,
declined to release "Little Red Rooster" as a single. In December 1964, the distributor
released the band's first single with Jagger/Richards originals on both sides: "Heart of Stone",
with "What a Shame" as the B-side; the single went to number 19 in the US.[78]

1965–1967: Height of fame

Three members of the Rolling Stones, Richards, Wyman

and Watts, at Turku Airport in Turku, Finland, on 25 June 1965

The band's second UK LP, The Rolling Stones No. 2, was released in January 1965 and
reached number 1 on the charts. The US version, released in February as The Rolling Stones,
Now!, reached number 5. The album was recorded at Chess Studios in Chicago and RCA
Studios in Los Angeles.[79] In January and February of that year, the band played 34 shows for
around 100,000 people in Australia and New Zealand.[80] The single "The Last Time",
released in February, was the first Jagger/Richards composition to reach number 1 on the UK
charts;[64] it reached number 9 in the US. It was later identified by Richards as "the bridge into
thinking about writing for the Stones. It gave us a level of confidence; a pathway of how to
do it."[81]
 An advertisement for the 1965 Rolling Stones' North
American tour

Their first international number 1 hit was "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction", recorded in May
1965 during the band's third North American tour. Richards recorded the guitar riff that
drives the song with a fuzzbox as a scratch track to guide a horn section. Nevertheless, the
final cut did not include the planned horn overdubs. Issued in the summer of 1965, it was
their fourth UK number 1 and their first in the US, where it spent four weeks at the top of the
Billboard Hot 100. It was a worldwide commercial success for the band.[81][82] The US version
of the LP Out of Our Heads, released in July 1965, also went to number 1; it included seven
original songs, three Jagger/Richards numbers and four credited to Nanker Phelge.[83] The UK
version of Out of Our Heads was released in September 1965.[84] Their second international
number 1 single "Get Off of My Cloud" was released in the autumn of 1965,[85] followed by
another US-only LP, December's Children (And Everybody's).[86]

The album Aftermath, released in the late spring of 1966, was the first LP to be composed
entirely of Jagger/Richards songs;[87] it reached number 1 in the UK and number 2 in the US.
[88]
According to The Daily Telegraph, Aftermath is often regarded as the most important of
the band's formative records.[89] On this album, Jones' contributions expanded beyond guitar
and harmonica. To the Middle Eastern-influenced "Paint It Black"[c] he added sitar; to the
ballad "Lady Jane" he added dulcimer, and to "Under My Thumb" he added marimbas.[90]
Aftermath also contained "Goin' Home", a nearly 12-minute song that included elements of
jamming and improvisation.[91]

The Stones' success on the British and American singles charts peaked during the 1960s.[92][93]
"19th Nervous Breakdown"[94] was released in February 1966, and reached number 2 in the
UK[95] and US charts;[96] "Paint It Black" reached number 1 in the UK and US in May 1966.[64]
[93]
"Mother's Little Helper", released in June 1966, reached number 8 in the US;[96] it was one
of the first pop songs to discuss the issue of prescription drug abuse.[97][98] "Have You Seen
Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow?" was released in September 1966 and reached
number 5 in the UK[99] and number 9 in the US.[96] It had a number of firsts for the group: it
was the first Stones recording to feature brass horns, and the back-cover photo on the original
US picture sleeve depicted the group satirically dressed in drag. The song was accompanied
by one of the first official music videos, directed by Peter Whitehead.[100][101]
 Performing in Stockholm, Sweden, April 1966

During their North American tour in June and July 1966, the Stones' high-energy concerts
proved highly successful with young people, while alienating local police who had the
physically exhausting task of controlling the often rebellious crowds. According to the Stones
historians Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon, the band's notoriety "among the
authorities and the establishment seems to have been inversely proportional to their
popularity among young people". In an effort to capitalise on this, London released the live
album Got Live If You Want It! in December.[102] The band's first greatest hits album Big Hits
(High Tide and Green Grass) was released in the UK in November 1966, a different version
of which had been released in the US in March that year.[103]

In January 1967, Between the Buttons was released, and reached number 3 in the UK and
number 2 in the US. It was Andrew Oldham's last venture as the Rolling Stones' producer.
Allen Klein took over his role as the band's manager in 1965. Richards recalled, "There was a
new deal with Decca to be made ... and he said he could do it."[104] The US version included
the double A-side single "Let's Spend the Night Together" and "Ruby Tuesday",[105] which
went to number 1 in the US and number 3 in the UK. When the band went to New York to
perform the numbers on The Ed Sullivan Show in January, they were ordered to change the
lyrics of the refrain of "Let's Spend the Night Together" to "let's spend some time together".
[106][107]

In early 1967, Jagger, Richards, and Jones began to be hounded by authorities over their
recreational drug use, after News of the World ran a three-part feature entitled "Pop Stars and
Drugs: Facts That Will Shock You".[108] The series described alleged LSD parties hosted by
the Moody Blues and attended by top stars including the Who's Pete Townshend and Cream's
Ginger Baker, and described alleged admissions of drug use by leading pop musicians. The
first article targeted Donovan (who was raided and charged soon after); the second instalment
(published on 5 February) targeted the Rolling Stones.[109] A reporter who contributed to the
story spent an evening at the exclusive London club Blaise's, where a member of the Rolling
Stones allegedly took several Benzedrine tablets, displayed a piece of hashish, and invited his
companions back to his flat for a "smoke". The article claimed this was Mick Jagger, but it
turned out to be a case of mistaken identity; the reporter had in fact been eavesdropping on
Brian Jones. Two days after the article was published, Jagger filed a writ for libel against the
News of the World.[110][109]

A week later, on 12 February, Sussex police, tipped off by the paper,[d] raided a party at Keith
Richards' home, Redlands. No arrests were made at the time, but Jagger, Richards, and their
friend art dealer Robert Fraser were subsequently charged with drug offences. Andrew
Oldham was afraid of being arrested and fled to America.[112][113] Richards said in 2003,
"When we got busted at Redlands, it suddenly made us realize that this was a whole different
ball game and that was when the fun stopped. Up until then it had been as though London
existed in a beautiful space where you could do anything you wanted."[114]

In March 1967, while awaiting the consequences of the police raid, Jagger, Richards, and
Jones took a short trip to Morocco, accompanied by Marianne Faithfull, Jones' girlfriend
Anita Pallenberg, and other friends. During this trip the stormy relations between Jones and
Pallenberg deteriorated to the point that she left Morocco with Richards.[115] Richards said
later: "That was the final nail in the coffin with me and Brian. He'd never forgive me for that
and I don't blame him, but hell, shit happens."[116] Richards and Pallenberg would remain a
couple for twelve years. Despite these complications, the Rolling Stones toured Europe in
March and April 1967. The tour included the band's first performances in Poland, Greece,
and Italy.[117] June 1967 saw the release of the US-only compilation album Flowers.[118]

On 10 May 1967, the day Jagger, Richards and Fraser were arraigned in connection with the
Redlands charges, Jones' house was raided by police. He was arrested and charged with
possession of cannabis.[106] Three of the five Stones now faced drug charges. Jagger and
Richards were tried at the end of June. Jagger received a three-month prison sentence for the
possession of four amphetamine tablets; Richards was found guilty of allowing cannabis to
be smoked on his property and sentenced to a year in prison.[119][120] Both Jagger and Richards
were imprisoned at that point but were released on bail the next day, pending appeal. [121]

The Times ran an editorial, "Who breaks a butterfly upon a wheel?", in which conservative
editor William Rees-Mogg surprised his readers by his unusually critical discourse on the
sentencing, pointing out that Jagger had been treated far more harshly for a minor first
offence than "any purely anonymous young man".[122] While awaiting the appeal hearings, the
band recorded a new single, "We Love You", as a thank you for their fans' loyalty. It began
with the sound of prison doors closing, and the accompanying music video included allusions
to the trial of Oscar Wilde.[123][124][125] On 31 July, the appeals court overturned Richards'
conviction, and reduced Jagger's sentence to a conditional discharge.[126] Jones' trial took
place in November 1967. In December, after appealing the original prison sentence, Jones
received a £1,000 fine and was put on three years' probation, with an order to seek
professional help.[127]

In December 1967, the band released Their Satanic Majesties Request, which reached
number 3 in the UK and number 2 in the US. It drew unfavourable reviews and was widely
regarded as a poor imitation of the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.[128][129]
Satanic Majesties was recorded while Jagger, Richards, and Jones were awaiting their court
cases. The band parted ways with Oldham during the sessions. The split was publicly
amicable,[130] but in 2003 Jagger said: "The reason Andrew left was because he thought that
we weren't concentrating and that we were being childish. It was not a great moment really—
and I would have thought it wasn't a great moment for Andrew either. There were a lot of
distractions and you always need someone to focus you at that point, that was Andrew's
job."[106] Satanic Majesties became the first album the Rolling Stones produced on their own.
Its psychedelic sound was complemented by the cover art, which featured a 3D photo by
Michael Cooper, who had also photographed the cover of Sgt. Pepper. Bill Wyman wrote and
sang a track on the album: "In Another Land", also released as a single, the first on which
Jagger did not sing lead.[131]

1968–1972: Jones' departure and death, Mick Taylor joins, "Greatest Rock
and Roll Band in the World"
The band spent the first few months of 1968 working on material for their next album. Those
sessions resulted in the song "Jumpin' Jack Flash", released as a single in May. The
subsequent album, Beggars Banquet, an eclectic mix of country and blues–inspired tunes,
marked the band's return to their rhythm and blues roots. It was also the beginning of their
collaboration with producer Jimmy Miller. It featured the lead single "Street Fighting Man"
(which addressed the political upheavals of May 1968) and "Sympathy for the Devil".[132][133]
Controversy over the design of the album cover, which featured a public toilet with graffiti
covering the wall behind it, delayed the album's release for six months.[134] While the band
had "absolute artistic control over their albums", Decca[135] was not enthused about the cover's
depiction of graffiti reading "John Loves Yoko" being included;[136] the album was released
that December, with a different cover design.[137][e]

Brian Jones pictured outside his home, Cotchford Farm in East

Sussex, in 1969

The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus, which originally began as an idea about "the new
shape of the rock-and-roll concert tour", was filmed at the end of 1968.[18] It featured John
Lennon, Yoko Ono, the Dirty Mac, the Who, Jethro Tull, Marianne Faithfull, and Taj Mahal.
The footage was shelved for 28 years but was finally released officially in 1996,[139] with a
DVD version released in October 2004.[140]

By the time Beggars Banquet was released, Brian Jones was only sporadically contributing to
the band. Jagger said that Jones was "not psychologically suited to this way of life".[141] His
drug use had become a hindrance, and he was unable to obtain a US visa. Richards reported
that in a June meeting with Jagger, Watts, and himself at Jones' house, Jones admitted that he
was unable to "go on the road again", and left the band saying, "I've left, and if I want to I can
come back."[6] On 3 July 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned under mysterious
circumstances in the swimming pool at his home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex.
[142]
The band auditioned several guitarists, including Paul Kossoff,[143] as a replacement for
Jones, before settling on Mick Taylor, who was recommended to Jagger by John Mayall.[144]
 Mick Taylor, who replaced Brian Jones in the band

The Rolling Stones were scheduled to play at a free concert for Blackhill Enterprises in
London's Hyde Park, two days after Jones' death; they decided to go ahead with the show as a
tribute to him. Jagger began by reading an excerpt from Percy Bysshe Shelley's poem
Adonaïs, an elegy written on the death of his friend John Keats. They released thousands of
butterflies in memory of Jones[106] before opening their set with "I'm Yours and I'm Hers", a
Johnny Winter number.[145] The concert, their first with new guitarist Mick Taylor, was
performed in front of an estimated 250,000 fans.[106] A Granada Television production team
filmed the performance, which was broadcast on British television as The Stones in the Park.
[146]
Blackhill Enterprises stage manager Sam Cutler introduced the Rolling Stones onto the
stage by announcing: "Let's welcome the Greatest Rock and Roll Band in the World."[145][147]
Cutler repeated the introduction throughout their 1969 US tour.[148][149] The show also included
the concert debut of their fifth US number 1 single, "Honky Tonk Women", which had been
released the previous day.[150][151] In September 1969 the band's second greatest hits album
Through the Past, Darkly (Big Hits Vol. 2) was released,[152] featuring a poem in dedication to
Jones on the inside cover.[153]

"Gimme Shelter"
Duration: 31 seconds.0:31
Sample of "Gimme Shelter" by The Rolling Stones, from Let It Bleed (1969)

"Brown Sugar"
Duration: 23 seconds.0:23
Sample of "Brown Sugar" by The Rolling Stones, from Sticky Fingers (1971)

Problems playing these files? See media help.

The Stones' last album of the 1960s was Let It Bleed, which reached number 1 in the UK and
number 3 in the US.[154] It featured "Gimme Shelter" with guest lead female vocals by Merry
Clayton (sister of Sam Clayton, of the American rock band Little Feat).[155] Other tracks
include "You Can't Always Get What You Want" (with accompaniment by the London Bach
Choir, who initially asked that their name be removed from the album's credits after
apparently being "horrified" by the content of some of its other material, but later withdrew
this request), "Midnight Rambler", as well as a cover of Robert Johnson's "Love in Vain".
Jones and Taylor are both featured on the album.[156]

Just after the US tour ended, the band performed at the Altamont Free Concert at the
Altamont Speedway, about fifty miles (80 km) east of San Francisco. A Hells Angels biker
gang provided security, and a fan, Meredith Hunter, was stabbed and beaten to death by the
Angels after they realised he was armed.[157] Part of the tour, and the Altamont concert, was
documented in Albert and David Maysles' film Gimme Shelter. In response to the growing
popularity of bootleg recordings (in particular Live'r Than You'll Ever Be, recorded during the
1969 tour), the album Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! was released in 1970. Critic Lester Bangs
declared it the best-ever live album.[158] It reached number 1 in the UK and number 6 in the
US.[159]

At the end of the decade, the band appeared on BBC's review of the 1960s music scene, Pop
Go the Sixties, performing "Gimme Shelter", which was broadcast live on 31 December
1969. The following year, the band wanted out of contracts with both Klein and Decca, but
still owed them one more Jagger/Richards–credited single. To get back at the label and fulfil
their final contractual obligation, the band came up with the track "Cocksucker Blues"—
deliberately making it as crude as they could in hopes of making it un-releasable.[160] Decca
instead released "Street Fighting Man" from Beggar's Banquet as a UK single in July 1971,
the track's 1968 single release having been only in the US.

Amid contractual disputes with Klein, they formed their own record company, Rolling Stones
Records. Sticky Fingers, released in March 1971, the band's first album on their own label,
featured an elaborate cover designed by Andy Warhol.[161] It was an Andy Warhol photograph
of a man from the waist down in tight jeans featuring a functioning zipper.[162] When
unzipped, it revealed the subject's underwear.[163] In some markets an alternate cover was
released because of the perceived offensive nature of the original at the time.[164]

The Rolling Stones' logo, designed by John Pasche and modified

by Craig Braun,[165] introduced in 1971

Sticky Fingers' cover was the first to feature the logo of Rolling Stones Records, which
effectively became the band's logo. It consisted of a pair of lips with a lapping tongue.
Designer John Pasche created the logo, following a suggestion by Jagger to copy the stuck-
out tongue of the Hindu goddess Kali.[165] Critic Sean Egan has said of the logo,

Without using the Stones' name, it instantly conjures them, or at least Jagger, as well as a
certain lasciviousness that is the Stones' own ... It quickly and deservedly became the most
famous logo in the history of popular music.[166]

The tongue and lips design was part of a package that in 2003 VH1 named the best album
cover ever.[165] The logo has remained on all the Stones' post-1970 albums and singles, in
addition to their merchandise and stage sets.[167] The album contains one of their best-known
hits, "Brown Sugar", and the country-influenced "Dead Flowers". "Brown Sugar" and "Wild
Horses" were recorded at Alabama's Muscle Shoals Sound Studio after the 1969 American
tour.[168] The album continued the band's immersion into heavily blues-influenced
compositions; is noted for its "loose, ramshackle ambience";[169] and marked Mick Taylor's
first full album with the band.[170][171] Sticky Fingers reached number 1 in both the UK and the
US.[172]

In 1968, the Stones, acting on a suggestion by pianist Ian Stewart, put a control room in a van
and created the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio so they would not be limited to the standard 9–
5 operating hours of most recording studios.[173] The band lent the mobile studio to other
artists,[173][174] including Led Zeppelin, who used it to record Led Zeppelin III (1970)[175] and
Led Zeppelin IV (1971).[173][175] Deep Purple immortalised the mobile studio itself in the song
"Smoke on the Water" with the line "the Rolling truck Stones thing just outside, making our
music there".[176]

Following the release of Sticky Fingers, the Rolling Stones left England after receiving
advice from their financial manager Prince Rupert Loewenstein. He recommended they go
into tax exile before the start of the next financial year. The band had learned that they had
not paid taxes for seven years, despite being assured that their taxes were taken care of; and
the UK government was owed a relative fortune.[177] The Stones moved to the South of
France, where Richards rented the Villa Nellcôte and sublet rooms to band members and their
entourage.

Using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio, they held recording sessions in the basement. They
completed the new tracks, along with material dating as far back as 1969, at Sunset Studios in
Los Angeles. The resulting double album, Exile on Main St., was released in May 1972, and
reached number one in both the UK and the US.[178] Given an A+ grade by critic Robert
Christgau[179] and disparaged by Lester Bangs—who reversed his opinion within months—
Exile is now accepted as one of the Stones' best albums.[180] The films Cocksucker Blues
(never officially released) and Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones (released in 1974)
document the subsequent highly publicised 1972 North American Tour.[181]

The band's double compilation album, Hot Rocks 1964–1971, was released in 1971; it
reached number 3 in the UK[182] and number 4 in the US.[183] It is certified Diamond in the US,
having sold over 6 million copies, being certified 12× Platinum for being a double album, and
spent over 347 weeks on the Billboard album chart.[184] A follow-up double compilation
album More Hot Rocks (Big Hits & Fazed Cookies) was released in 1972.[185] In 1974, Bill
Wyman was the first band member to release solo material, his album Monkey Grip.[186]

1972–1977: Critical fluctuations and Ronnie Wood replaces Taylor

Bill Wyman (left) in 1975 and Mick Jagger (right) in 1976

In 1972, members of the band set up a complex financial structure to reduce the amount of
their taxes.[187][188] Their holding company, Promogroup, has offices in both the Netherlands
and the Caribbean.[187][188] The Netherlands was chosen because it does not directly tax royalty
payments. The band have been tax exiles ever since, meaning they can no longer use Britain
as their main residence. Due to the arrangements with the holding company, the band has
reportedly paid a tax of just 1.6% on their total earnings of £242 million over the past 20
years.[187][188]

In November 1972, the band began recording sessions in Kingston, Jamaica, for the album
Goats Head Soup; it was released in 1973 and reached number 1 in both the UK and US.[189]
The album, which contained the worldwide hit "Angie", was the first in a string of
commercially successful, but critically tepidly received, studio albums.[190] The sessions for
Goats Head Soup also produced unused material, most notably an early version of the
popular ballad "Waiting on a Friend", which was not released until the Tattoo You LP nine
years later.[191]

Another legal battle over drugs, dating back to their stay in France, interrupted the making of
Goats Head Soup. Authorities had issued a warrant for Richards' arrest, and the other band
members had to return briefly to France for questioning.[192] This, along with Jagger's 1967
and 1970 convictions on drug charges, complicated the band's plans for their Pacific tour in
early 1973: they were denied permission to play in Japan and almost banned from Australia.
A European tour followed in September and October 1973, which bypassed France, coming,
as it did, after Richards' recent arrest in England on drug charges.[193]
The 1974 album It's Only Rock 'n Roll was recorded in the Musicland Studios in Munich,
Germany; it reached number 2 in the UK and number 1 in the US.[194] Miller was not invited
to return as the album's producer because his "contribution level had dropped".[194] Jagger and
Richards, credited as "the Glimmer Twins", produced the album.[195] Both the album and the
single of the same name were hits.[196][197][198]

Near the end of 1974, Taylor began to lose patience after years of feeling like a "junior
citizen in the band of jaded veterans".[199] The band's situation made normal functioning
complicated, with members living in different countries,[200] and legal barriers restricting
where they could tour.[201] In addition, drug use was starting to affect Taylor's and Richards'
productivity, and Taylor felt some of his own creative contributions were going
unrecognised.[202] At the end of 1974, Taylor quit the Rolling Stones.[203] Taylor said in 1980,
"I wanted to broaden my scope as a guitarist and do something else ... I wasn't really
composing songs or writing at that time. I was just beginning to write, and that influenced my
decision ... There are some people who can just ride along from crest to crest; they can ride
along somebody else's success. And there are some people for whom that's not enough. It
really wasn't enough for me."[204]

Ronnie Wood (left), on his first tour with the Rolling Stones, with
Mick Jagger (right) in Chicago in 1975

The Stones needed a new guitarist, and the recording sessions in Munich for the next album,
Black and Blue (1976) (number 2 in the UK, number 1 in the US), provided an opportunity
for some guitarists hoping to join the band to work while trying out. Guitarists as stylistically
disparate as Peter Frampton and Jeff Beck were auditioned, as well as Robert A. Johnson and
Shuggie Otis. Both Beck and Irish blues rock guitarist Rory Gallagher later claimed they had
played without realising they were being auditioned. American session players Wayne
Perkins and Harvey Mandel also tried out, but Richards and Jagger preferred for the band to
remain purely British. When Ronnie Wood auditioned, everyone agreed he was the right
choice.[205] He had already recorded and played live with Richards, and had contributed to the
recording and writing of the track "It's Only Rock 'n Roll". He had declined Jagger's earlier
offer to join the Stones, because of his commitment to Faces, saying "that's what's really
important to me".[206] Faces' lead singer Rod Stewart went so far as to say he would take bets
that Wood would not join the Stones.[206]
In 1975, Wood joined the band as second guitarist for their upcoming Tour of the Americas,
which was a contributing factor in the disbandment of Faces. His installment as a Rolling
Stone was announced in 1976; unlike the other band members, however, Wood was a salaried
employee, which remained the case until the early 1990s, when he finally joined the Stones'
business partnership.[207]

The 1975 Tour of the Americas kicked off in New York City with the band performing on a
flatbed trailer being pulled down Broadway. The tour featured stage props including a giant
phallus and a rope on which Jagger swung out over the audience. In June of that year, the
Stones' Decca catalogue was purchased by Klein's ABKCO label.[208][209] In August 1976, the
Stones played Knebworth in England in front of 200,000—their largest audience to date—
and finished their set at 7 a.m.[210] Jagger had booked live recording sessions at the El
Mocambo, a club in Toronto, to produce a long-overdue live album, 1977's Love You Live,[211]
the first Stones live album since Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out![212] It reached No. 3 in the UK and
No. 5 in the US.[211]

Richards' addiction to heroin delayed his arrival in Toronto; the other members had already
arrived. On 24 February 1977, when Richards and his family flew in from London, they were
temporarily detained by Canadian customs after Richards was found in possession of a burnt
spoon and hash residue. Three days later, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, armed with an
arrest warrant for Anita Pallenberg, discovered 22 grams (0.78 oz) of heroin in Richards'
room.[213] He was charged with importing narcotics into Canada, an offence that carried a
minimum seven-year sentence.[214] The Crown prosecutor later conceded that Richards had
procured the drugs after his arrival.[215]

El Mocambo in Toronto, where some of the live album

Love You Live was recorded in 1977

Despite the incident, the band played two shows in Toronto, but caused more controversy
when Margaret Trudeau, then-wife of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, was seen
partying with the band after one show. The band's shows were not advertised to the public.
Instead, the El Mocambo had been booked for the entire week by April Wine for a recording
session. 1050 CHUM, a local radio station, ran a contest for free tickets to see April Wine.
Contest winners who selected tickets for Friday or Saturday night were surprised to find the
Rolling Stones playing.[216]

On 4 March, Richards' partner Anita Pallenberg pleaded guilty to drug possession and
incurred a fine in connection with the original airport incident.[216] The drug case against
Richards dragged on for over a year. Ultimately, he received a suspended sentence and was
ordered to play two charity concerts to benefit the Canadian institute for the blind in Oshawa;
[215]
both shows featured the Rolling Stones and the New Barbarians, a group that Wood had
put together to promote his latest solo album, which Richards also joined. This episode
strengthened Richards' resolve to stop using heroin.[106] It also ended his relationship with
Pallenberg, which had become strained since the death of their third child, Tara. Pallenberg
was unable to curb her heroin addiction as Richards struggled to get clean.[217] While Richards
was settling his legal and personal problems, Jagger continued his jet-set lifestyle. He was a
regular at New York's Studio 54 disco club, often in the company of model Jerry Hall. His
marriage to Bianca Jagger ended in 1977, although they had long been estranged.[218]

Although the Rolling Stones remained popular through the early 1970s, music critics had
begun to grow dismissive of the band's output, and record sales failed to meet expectations.[85]
By the mid-1970s, after punk rock became influential, many people had begun to view the
Rolling Stones as an outdated band.[219]

1978–1982: Commercial peak

The group's fortunes changed in 1978, after the band released Some Girls, which included the
hit single "Miss You", the country ballad "Far Away Eyes", "Beast of Burden", and
"Shattered". In part as a response to punk, many songs, particularly "Respectable", were fast,
basic, guitar-driven rock and roll,[220] and the album's success re-established the Rolling
Stones' immense popularity among young people. It reached number 2 in the UK and
number 1 in the US.[221] Following the 1978 US Tour, the band appeared on the first show of
the fourth season of the TV series Saturday Night Live. Following the success of Some Girls,
the band released their next album, Emotional Rescue, in mid-1980.[222] During recording
sessions for the album, a rift between Jagger and Richards slowly developed. Richards
wanted to tour in the summer or autumn of 1980 to promote the new album. Much to his
disappointment, Jagger declined.[222] Emotional Rescue hit the top of the charts on both sides
of the Atlantic[223] and the title track reached number 3 in the US.[222]

The Rolling Stones performing at Rupp Arena in Lexington,

Kentucky, December 1981

In early 1981, the group reconvened and decided to tour the US that year, leaving little time
to write and record a new album, as well as to rehearse for the tour. That year's resulting
album, Tattoo You, featured a number of outtakes from other recording sessions, including
lead single "Start Me Up", which reached number 2[224] in the US and ranked number 22 on
Billboard's Hot 100 year-end chart. Two songs ("Waiting on a Friend" (US number 13) and
"Tops") featured Mick Taylor's unused rhythm guitar tracks, while jazz saxophonist Sonny
Rollins played on "Slave", "Neighbours", and "Waiting on a Friend".[225] The album reached
number 2 in the UK and number 1 in the US.[226]
The Rolling Stones reached number 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1982 with "Hang Fire".
Their 1981 American Tour was their biggest, longest, and most colourful production to date.
It was the highest-grossing tour of that year.[227] It included a concert at Chicago's
Checkerboard Lounge with Muddy Waters, in one of his last performances before his death
in 1983.[228] Some of the shows were recorded. This resulted in the 1982 live album Still Life
(American Concert 1981) which reached number 4 in the UK and number 5 in the US,[229] and
the 1983 Hal Ashby concert film Let's Spend the Night Together, filmed at Sun Devil
Stadium in Tempe, Arizona and the Brendan Byrne Arena in the Meadowlands, New Jersey.
[230]

In mid-1982, to commemorate their 20th anniversary, the Rolling Stones took their American
stage show to Europe. The European tour was their first in six years and used a similar format
to the American tour. The band were joined by former Allman Brothers Band keyboardist
Chuck Leavell, who continues to perform and record with them.[231] By the end of the year,
the Stones had signed a new four-album recording deal with a new label, CBS Records, for a
reported $50 million, then the biggest record deal in history.[232]

1983–1988: Band turmoil and solo projects

Before leaving Atlantic, the Rolling Stones released Undercover in late 1983. It reached
number 3 in the UK and number 4 in the US.[233] Despite good reviews and the peak Top Ten
position of the title track, the record sold below expectations and there was no tour to support
it. Subsequently, the Stones' new marketer/distributor CBS Records took over distributing
their Atlantic catalogue.[232]

Richards and Wood during a Stones concert in Turin, Italy,

in 1982

By this time, the Jagger/Richards rift had grown significantly. To Richards' annoyance,
Jagger signed a solo deal with CBS Records and spent much of 1984 writing songs for his
first album. He also declared his growing lack of interest in the Rolling Stones.[234] By 1985,
Jagger was spending more time on solo recordings. Much of the material on 1986's Dirty
Work was generated by Richards, with more contributions from Wood than on previous
Rolling Stones albums. It was recorded in Paris, and Jagger was often absent from the studio,
leaving Richards to keep the recording sessions moving forward.[235]

In June 1985, Jagger teamed up with David Bowie for "Dancing in the Street", which was
recorded for the Live Aid charity movement.[236] This was one of Jagger's first solo
performances, and the song reached number 1 in the UK, and number 7 in the US.[237][96] In
December 1985, Ian Stewart died of a heart attack.[238] The Rolling Stones played a private
tribute concert for him at London's 100 Club in February 1986.[238] Two days later they were
presented with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.[239]
Dirty Work was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews, reaching number 4 in both the US
and UK.[240] It was the Stones' first album for CBS with an outside producer, Steve Lillywhite.
[241]
With relations between Richards and Jagger at an all-time low, Jagger refused to tour to
promote the album and instead undertook a solo tour, where he performed some Rolling
Stones songs.[242][243] As a result of their animosity, the Stones almost broke up.[242] Jagger's
solo records, She's the Boss (1985), which reached number 6 in the UK and number 13 in the
US, and Primitive Cool (1987), which reached number 26 in the UK and number 41 in the
US, met with moderate commercial success. In 1988, with the Rolling Stones mostly
inactive, Richards released his first solo album, Talk Is Cheap, which reached number 37[244]
in the UK and No. 24 in the US.[245] It was well received by fans and critics, and was certified
Gold in the US.[246] Richards has subsequently referred to this late-80s period, when the two
were recording solo albums with no obvious reunion of the Stones in sight, as "World War
III".[247][248]

1989–1999: Comeback, record-breaking tours and Wyman's departure

The band's 1994 album Voodoo Lounge was certified multi-platinum. Top: award displayed
at the Museo del Rock in Madrid. Bottom: Richards performing onstage in Rio de Janeiro
during the accompanying tour.

In early 1989, the Stones - Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Charlie Watts, Bill Wyman, Ronnie
Wood, Brian Jones, Mick Taylor, and Ian Stewart - were inducted into the American Rock
and Roll Hall of Fame, with Jagger, Richards, Wood and Taylor in attendance.[85] Jagger and
Richards set aside their animosity and went to work on a new Rolling Stones album, Steel
Wheels. Heralded as a return to form, it included the singles "Mixed Emotions" (US
number 5), "Rock and a Hard Place" (US number 23) and "Almost Hear You Sigh". The
album also included "Continental Drift", which the Rolling Stones recorded in Tangier,
Morocco, in 1989, with the Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar, coordinated by
Tony King and Cherie Nutting. Nigel Finch produced the BBC documentary film The
Rolling Stones in Morocco.[249] Finch also directed 25x5: The Continuing Adventures of the
Rolling Stones, a documentary spanning the band's 25-year history, featuring new interviews
with the five current members and archival interview materiel of Brian Jones and Mick
Taylor. 25x5 aired on the BBC in late 1989 and was released on home video early the
following year.[250] Steel Wheels reached number 2 in the UK and number 3 in the US.[251]
The Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour was the band's first world tour in seven years and their
biggest stage production to date. Opening acts included Living Colour and Guns N' Roses.
Recordings from the tour include the 1991 concert album Flashpoint, which reached
number 6 in the UK and number 16 in the US,[252] and the concert film Live at the Max
released in 1991.[253] The tour was Bill Wyman's last. After years of deliberation he decided to
leave the band, although his departure was not made official until January 1993.[254] He then
published Stone Alone, an autobiography based on scrapbooks and diaries he had kept since
the band's early days. A few years later he formed Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings and began
recording and touring again.[255]

After the successes of the Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle tours, the band took a break. Watts
released two jazz albums; Wood recorded his fifth solo album, the first in 11 years, called
Slide On This; Wyman released his fourth solo album; Richards released his second solo
album in late 1992, Main Offender, and did a small tour, including big concerts in Spain and
Argentina.[256][257] Jagger got good reviews and sales with his third solo album, Wandering
Spirit, which reached number 12 in the UK[258] and number 11 in the US.[259] The album sold
more than two million copies worldwide, being certified Gold in the US.[246]

After Wyman's departure, the Rolling Stones' new distributor/record label, Virgin Records,
remastered and repackaged the band's back catalogue from Sticky Fingers to Steel Wheels,
except for the three live albums. They issued another hits compilation in 1993 entitled Jump
Back, which reached number 16 in the UK and number 30 in the US.[260] By 1993, the Stones
were ready to start recording another studio album. Charlie Watts recruited bassist Darryl
Jones, a former sideman of Miles Davis, and Sting, as Wyman's replacement for 1994's
Voodoo Lounge. Jones continues to perform with the band as their touring and session
bassist. The album met with positive reviews and strong sales, going double platinum in the
US. Reviewers took note and credited the album's "traditionalist" sounds to the Rolling
Stones' new producer Don Was.[261] Voodoo Lounge won the Grammy Award for Best Rock
Album at the 1995 Grammy Awards.[262] It reached number 1 in the UK and number 2 in the
US.[263]

Jagger in Chile during the Voodoo Lounge Tour in 1995

The accompanying Voodoo Lounge Tour lasted into the following year and grossed
$320 million, becoming the world's highest-grossing tour at the time.[264] Mostly acoustic
numbers from various concerts and rehearsals made up Stripped which reached number 9 in
the UK and the US.[265] It featured a cover of Bob Dylan's "Like a Rolling Stone", as well as
infrequently played songs such as "Shine a Light",[266] "Sweet Virginia",[266] and "The Spider
and the Fly".[267] On 8 September 1994, the Stones performed their new song "Love Is
Strong" and "Start Me Up" at the 1994 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall
in New York.[268] The band received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the ceremony.[268]

The Rolling Stones were the first major recording artists to broadcast a concert over the
Internet; a 20-minute video was broadcast on 18 November 1994 using the Mbone at 10
frames per second. The broadcast, engineered by Thinking Pictures and financed by Sun
Microsystems, was one of the first demonstrations of streaming video; while it was not a true
webcast, it introduced many to the technology.[269]

The Rolling Stones ended the 1990s with the album Bridges to Babylon, released in 1997 to
mixed reviews.[270] It reached number 6 in the UK and number 3 in the US.[271] The video of
the single "Anybody Seen My Baby?" featured Angelina Jolie as guest[272] and was given
steady rotation on both MTV and VH1.[273] Sales were roughly equal to those of previous
records (about 1.2 million copies sold in the US). The subsequent Bridges to Babylon Tour,
which crossed Europe, North America, and other destinations, proved that the band remained
a strong live attraction. Once again, a live album was recorded during the tour, No Security;
only this time all but two songs ("Live With Me" and "The Last Time") were previously
unreleased on live albums. The album reached number 67 in the UK[274] and number 34 in the
US.[275] In 1999, the Rolling Stones staged the No Security Tour in the US and continued the
Bridges to Babylon tour in Europe.[276]

2000–2011: 40th anniversary, A Bigger Bang and continued success

In late 2001, Mick Jagger released his fourth solo album, Goddess in the Doorway. It met
with mixed reviews;[277] it reached number 44 in the UK[278] and number 39 in the US. A
month after the September 11 attacks, Jagger, Richards, and a backing band took part in The
Concert for New York City, performing "Salt of the Earth" and "Miss You".[279] In 2002, the
Stones released Forty Licks, a greatest hits double album, to mark forty years as a band. The
collection contained four new songs recorded with the core band of Jagger, Richards, Watts,
Wood, Leavell, and Jones. The album has sold more than 7 million copies worldwide. It
reached number 2 in both the US and UK.[280] The same year, Q magazine named the Rolling
Stones one of the 50 Bands To See Before You Die.[281] The Stones headlined the Molson
Canadian Rocks for Toronto concert in Toronto, Canada, to help the city—which they had
used for rehearsals since the Voodoo Lounge tour—recover from the 2003 SARS epidemic;
an estimated 490,000 people attended the concert.[282]

On 9 November 2003, the band played their first concert in Hong Kong, as part of the
Harbour Fest celebration, in support of its SARS-affected economy. The same month, the
band licensed the exclusive rights to sell the new four-DVD boxed set Four Flicks, recorded
on their recent world tour, to the US Best Buy chain of stores. In response, some Canadian
and US music retail chains (including HMV Canada and Circuit City) pulled Rolling Stones
CDs and related merchandise from their shelves and replaced it with signs explaining why.
[283]
In 2004, a double live album of the Licks Tour, Live Licks, was released and certified
gold in the US.[246] It reached number 2 in both the UK and US.[284] In November 2004, the
Rolling Stones were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame.[285]

The Stones at San Siro stadium, Milan, during A Bigger Bang Tour, July 2006
The Stones at Twickenham Stadium in London, August 2006

The band's first new album in almost eight years, A Bigger Bang, was released on 6
September 2005 to positive reviews, including a glowing write-up in Rolling Stone magazine.
[286]
The album reached number 2 in the UK and number 3 in the US.[287] The single "Streets of
Love" reached the top 15 in the UK.[288] The album included the political "Sweet Neo Con",
Jagger's criticism of American Neoconservatism.[289] Richards was initially worried about a
political backlash in the US,[289] but did not object to the lyrics, saying "I just didn't want it to
become some peripheral distractions/political storm in a tea-cup sort of thing."[290] The
subsequent A Bigger Bang Tour began in August 2005, and included North America, South
America, and East Asia. In February 2006, the group played the half-time show of Super
Bowl XL in Detroit, Michigan. By the end of 2005, the Bigger Bang tour had set a record of
$162 million in gross receipts, breaking the North American mark set by the band in 1994.
On 18 February 2006, the band played a free concert to over one million people at the
Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro—one of the largest rock concerts of all time.[291]

After performances in Japan, China, Australia, and New Zealand in March and April 2006,
the Stones' tour took a scheduled break before proceeding to Europe. During the break, Keith
Richards was hospitalised in New Zealand for cranial surgery after a fall from a tree on Fiji,
where he had been on holiday. The incident led to a six-week delay in launching the
European leg of the tour.[292][293] In June 2006, it was reported that Ronnie Wood was
continuing his alcohol abuse rehabilitation programme,[294][295] but this did not affect the
rearranged European tour schedule. Mick Jagger's throat problems forced the cancellation of
three shows and the rescheduling of several others that fall.[296] The Stones returned to North
America for concerts in September 2006, and returned to Europe on 5 June 2007. By
November 2006, the Bigger Bang tour had been declared the highest-grossing tour of all
time.[297]

The Rolling Stones at the Berlin Film Festival's world

premiere of Martin Scorsese's documentary Shine a Light. From left to right: Watts, Wood,
Richards, and Jagger.
Martin Scorsese filmed the Stones performances at New York City's Beacon Theatre on 29
October and 1 November 2006 for the documentary film, Shine a Light, released in 2008. The
film features guest appearances by Buddy Guy, Jack White, and Christina Aguilera.[298] An
accompanying soundtrack, also titled Shine a Light, was released in April 2008 and reached
number 2 in the UK and number 11 in the US.[299] The album's debut at number 2 on the UK
charts was the highest position for a Rolling Stones concert album since Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out!
The Rolling Stones in Concert in 1970. At the Beacon Theatre show, music executive Ahmet
Ertegun fell and later died from his injuries.[300]

The band toured Europe throughout June and August 2007. 12 June 2007 saw the release of
the band's second four-disc DVD set: The Biggest Bang, a seven-hour film featuring their
shows in Austin, Rio de Janeiro, Saitama, Shanghai, and Buenos Aires, along with extras. On
10 June 2007, the band performed their first gig at a festival in 30 years,[f] at the Isle of Wight
Festival, to a crowd of 65,000, and were joined onstage by Amy Winehouse.[301] On 26
August 2007, they played their last concert of the Bigger Bang tour at the O2 Arena in
London. At the conclusion of the tour, the band had grossed a record-setting $558 million[302]
and were listed in the 2007 edition of Guinness World Records.[303] On 12 November 2007,
ABKCO released Rolled Gold: The Very Best of the Rolling Stones, a double-CD remake of
the 1975 compilation Rolled Gold.[304] In July 2008, the Rolling Stones left EMI to sign with
Vivendi's Universal Music, taking with them their catalogue stretching back to Sticky
Fingers. New music released by the band while under this contract was to be issued through
Universal's Polydor label.[305]

During the autumn, Jagger and Richards worked with producer Don Was to add new vocals
and guitar parts to ten unfinished songs from the Exile on Main St. sessions. Jagger and Mick
Taylor also recorded a session together in London, where Taylor added a new guitar track to
what would be the expanded album's single, "Plundered My Soul".[306] On 17 April 2010, the
band released a limited edition 7-inch vinyl single of the previously unreleased track
"Plundered My Soul", as part of Record Store Day. The track, part of the group's 2010 re-
issue of Exile on Main St., was combined with "All Down the Line" as its B-side.[307] The
band appeared at the Cannes Festival for the premiere of the documentary Stones in Exile
(directed by Stephen Kijak[308]) about the recording of the album Exile on Main St.[308] On 23
May, the re-issue of Exile on Main St. reached number 1 on the UK charts, almost 38 years to
the week after it first occupied that position. The band became the first act to see a classic
work return to number 1 decades after it was first released.[309] In the US, the album re-
entered the charts at number 2.[310]

Loewenstein proposed to the band that they wind down their recording and touring activity
and sell off their assets. The band disagreed, and that year Loewenstein parted from the
band[311] after four decades as their manager, later writing the memoir A Prince Among
Stones.[312] Joyce Smyth, a lawyer who had long been working for the Stones, took over as
their full-time manager in 2010.[313][314] Smyth would go on to win Top Manager in the 2019
Billboard Live Music Awards.[315]

In October 2010, the Stones released Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones to cinemas
and later to DVD. A digitally remastered version of the film was shown in select cinemas
across the United States. Although originally released to cinemas in 1974, it had never been
available for home release, apart from bootleg recordings.[316] In October 2011, the Stones
released The Rolling Stones: Some Girls Live In Texas '78 to cinemas. A digitally remastered
version of the film was shown in select cinemas across the US. This live performance was
recorded during one show in Ft. Worth, Texas, in support of their 1978 US Tour and their
album Some Girls. The film was released (on DVD/Blu-ray Disc) on 15 November 2011.[317]
On 21 November, the band reissued Some Girls as a 2-CD deluxe edition. The second CD
included twelve previously unreleased tracks (except "So Young", which was a B-side to
"Out of Tears") from the sessions, with mostly newly recorded vocals by Jagger.[318]

2012–2016: 50th anniversary, documentary and Blue & Lonesome

The Rolling Stones celebrated their 50th anniversary in the summer of 2012 by releasing the
book The Rolling Stones: 50.[319] A new take on the band's lip-and-tongue logo, designed by
Shepard Fairey, was also revealed and used during the celebrations.[320] Jagger's brother Chris
performed a gig at The Rolling Stones Museum in Slovenia, in conjunction with the
celebrations.[321]

The documentary Crossfire Hurricane, directed by Brett Morgen, was released in October
2012. He conducted approximately fifty hours of interviews for the film, including extensive
interviews with Wyman and Taylor.[322] This was the first official career-spanning
documentary since 25x5: The Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones, filmed for their
25th anniversary in 1989.[250] A new compilation album, GRRR!, was released on 12
November. Available in four different formats, it included two new tracks, "Doom and
Gloom" and "One More Shot", recorded at Studio Guillaume Tell in Paris, France, in the last
few weeks of August 2012.[323] The album went on to sell over two million copies worldwide.
[288]
The music video for "Doom and Gloom", featuring Noomi Rapace, was released on 20
November.[324][325]

In November 2012, the Stones began their 50 & Counting... tour at London's O2 Arena, where
they were joined by Jeff Beck.[326] At their second show, in London, Eric Clapton and
Florence Welch joined the group onstage.[327] The third anniversary concert took place on 8
December at the Barclays Center, Brooklyn, New York.[327] The last two dates were at the
Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, on 13 and 15 December. Bruce Springsteen and
blues–rock band the Black Keys joined the band on the final night.[327][328] The stage on this
tour was designed so that the lips could "inflate and deflate during different parts of the
show."[329] The band also played two songs at 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief.[330]

In July 2013, the Stones played Hyde Park for the first time
since 1969, with Mick Taylor performing with the band for the first time since 1974.

The Stones played nineteen shows in the US in spring 2013 with various guest stars,
including Katy Perry[331] and Taylor Swift,[332] before returning to the UK. In June, the band
performed at the 2013 Glastonbury Festival.[333] They returned to Hyde Park in July[g] and
performed the same set list as their 1969 concert at the venue.[335] Hyde Park Live, a live
album recorded at the two Hyde Park gigs on 6 and 13 July, was released exclusively as a
digital download through iTunes later that month.[336] An award-winning[337] live DVD, Sweet
Summer Sun: Live in Hyde Park, was released on 11 November.[338]

In February 2014, the band embarked on their 14 On Fire tour, scheduled for the Middle East,
Asia, Australia, and Europe and to go until the summer.[339] On 17 March, Jagger's long-time
partner L'Wren Scott died suddenly, resulting in the cancellation and rescheduling of the
opening tour dates to October.[340] On 4 June, the Rolling Stones performed for the first time
in Israel. Haaretz described the concert as being "Historic with a capital H".[341] In a 2015
interview with Jagger, when asked if retirement crosses his mind he stated, "Nah, not in the
moment. I'm thinking about what the next tour is. I'm not thinking about retirement. I'm
planning the next set of tours, so the answer is really, 'No, not really.'"[342]

The Stones playing in Havana, Cuba, in March 2016; a

spokesman for the band called it "the first open air concert in Cuba by a British rock band".
[343]

The Stones embarked on their Latin American tour in February 2016.[344] On 25 March, the
band played a bonus show, a free open-air concert in Havana, Cuba, which was attended by
an estimated 500,000 concert-goers.[343] In June of that year, the Rolling Stones released
Totally Stripped, an expanded and reconceived edition of Stripped, in multiple formats.[345][346]
Their concert on 25 March 2016 in Cuba was commemorated in the film Havana Moon. It
premiered on 23 September for one night only in more than a thousand theatres worldwide.
[347][348]
The film Olé Olé Olé: A Trip Across Latin America, a documentary of their 2016
Latin America tour,[349] premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 16 September
2016;[350] it came out on DVD and Blu-ray on 26 May 2017.[350][351] The Stones performed at
the Desert Trip festival held in Indio, California, playing two nights, 7 and 14 October, the
same nights as Bob Dylan.[352]

The band released Blue & Lonesome on 2 December 2016. The album consisted of 12 blues
covers of artists such as Howlin' Wolf, Jimmy Reed, and Little Walter.[353][354] Recording took
place in British Grove Studios, London, in December 2015, and featured Eric Clapton on two
tracks.[355] The album reached number 1 in the UK, the second-highest opening sales week for
an album that year.[356] It also debuted at number 4 on the Billboard 200.[357]

2017–present: No Filter Tour, Watts' death, and Hackney Diamonds

In July 2017, the Toronto Sun reported that the Stones were getting ready to record their first
album of original material in more than a decade,[358] but recording was later ultimately
delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[359] On Air, a collection of 18 recordings the band
performed on the BBC between 1963 and 1965, was released in December 2017. The album
featured eight songs the band had never recorded or released commercially.[360]
The band's plane touches down in Amsterdam (top) in October 2017 during the No Filter
Tour European leg, which ended at London Stadium (bottom) in May 2018.

In May 2017, the No Filter Tour was announced, with fourteen shows in twelve different
venues across Europe in September and October of the same year.[361] It was later extended to
go from May to July 2018, adding fourteen new dates across the UK and Europe, making it
the band's first UK tour since 2006.[362] In November 2018, the Stones announced plans to
bring the No Filter Tour to US stadiums in 2019, with 13 shows set to run from April to June.
[363]
In March 2019, it was announced that Jagger would be undergoing heart valve
replacement surgery, forcing the band to postpone the 17-date North American leg of their
No Filter Tour.[364] On 4 April 2019, it was announced that Jagger had completed his heart
valve procedure in New York, was recovering (in hospital) after a successful operation, and
could be released in the following few days.[365] On 16 May, the Rolling Stones announced
that the No Filter Tour would resume on 21 June with the 17 postponed dates rescheduled up
to the end of August.[366] In March 2020, the No Filter Tour was postponed due to the
COVID-19 pandemic.[367]

The Rolling Stones—featuring Jagger, Richards, Watts, and Wood at their homes—were one
of the headline acts on Global Citizen's One World: Together at Home on-line and on-screen
concert on 18 April 2020, a global event featuring dozens of artists and comedians to support
frontline healthcare workers and the World Health Organization during the COVID-19
pandemic.[368] On 23 April, Jagger announced through his Facebook page the release (the
same day at 5pm BST) of the single "Living in a Ghost Town", a new Rolling Stones song
recorded in London and Los Angeles in 2019 and finished in isolation (part of the new
material that the band were recording in the studio before the COVID-19 lockdown), a song
that the band "thought would resonate through the times we're living in" and their first
original one since 2012.[369] The song reached number 1 on the German Singles Chart, the
first time the Stones had reached the top spot in 52 years, and making them the oldest artists
ever to do so.[370]
 The Rolling Stones on stage at BST Hyde Park 2022, a
year after the death of Watts. Left to right: Jagger, Wood, and Richards.

The band's 1973 album Goats Head Soup was reissued on 4 September 2020 and featured
previously unreleased outtakes: such as "Criss Cross", which was released as a single and
music video on 9 July 2020; "Scarlet", featuring Jimmy Page; and "All the Rage".[371] On 11
September 2020, the album topped the UK Albums Chart as the Rolling Stones became the
first artist to top the chart across six different decades.[372]

In August 2021, it was announced that Watts would undergo an unspecified medical
procedure and would not perform on the remainder of the No Filter tour; the longtime Stones
associate Steve Jordan filled in as drummer.[373][374] Watts died on 24 August 2021, at the age
of 80, in a London hospital with his family around him.[375][376] For 10 days, the contents of the
Rolling Stones' official website were replaced with a picture of Watts, in his memory. [377] On
27 August, the band's social media accounts shared a montage of pictures and videos of
Watts.[378] The band subsequently showed pictures and videos of Watts at the beginning of
each concert on the No Filter tour. The short segment is roughly a minute long and plays a
simple drum track by Watts.[379] They became the highest-earning live act of 2021, surpassing
Taylor Swift; since 2018 the two have traded the top two spots.[380][381] The band began a new
tour in 2022, with Jordan on drums.[382]

Following reports in February 2023 that former Beatles Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr
would appear on their yet-named new album,[383] representatives for the band confirmed that
McCartney will appear but stated that Starr would not. This will mark the first time that
McCartney and the Stones have collaborated on a studio album.[384] Four months later, it was
reported that Wyman would return for a song, more than 30 years after his departure from the
band.[385]

The Stones announced their 2023 album, Hackney

Diamonds, at the Hackney Empire in London (pictured) in a news conference at the venue.

In August 2023, media outlets reported, based on an advertisement in a local UK newspaper,

that a new Stones album might be released in September 2023. The Hackney Gazette
advertisement made reference to several previous Stones hits, and linked to a fictitious
diamond jeweller called "Hackney Diamonds", whose website privacy policy is that of
Universal Music Group; the band's logo was used to dot the letter "i" in "diamonds".[386] On
29 August, the band confirmed association with the website through posts on its social media
profiles.[387] Because of the advertisement, it was suspected that the album could be called
Hackney Diamonds.[388] Elton John, Lady Gaga, Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney, among
others, are expected to guest on the new album.[389] On 6 September 2023, Jagger, Richards
and Wood appeared in a live Q&A with Jimmy Fallon to announce that Hackney Diamonds
would be released on 20 October 2023. The album features the final two songs Charlie Watts
recorded with the band prior to his death, and it also features former longtime bassist Bill
Wyman on one of the album's tracks, marking only his second studio recording with the band
since 1991's Flashpoint album. "Angry", the album's first single and music video (starring
actress Sydney Sweeney), was also released during the Q&A, with the song also landing on
the EA Sports FC 24 soundtrack.[390][391] Jagger speculated that the band's follow-up to
Hackney Diamonds was 75% done by the time that album was released.[392] Ten months later,
Jagger stated that it is likely the band would release new music "soon".[393]

Musical development
See also: Instruments played by the Rolling Stones

A copy of the signature Telecaster used by Keith Richards,

known as "Micawber", in Fender's factory museum

The Rolling Stones have assimilated various musical genres into their own collective sound.
Throughout the band's career, their musical contributions have been marked by a continual
reference to and reliance on musical styles including blues, psychedelia, R&B, country, folk,
reggae, dance, and world music—exemplified by Jones' collaboration with the Master
Musicians of Jajouka—as well as traditional English styles that use stringed instruments such
as harps. Brian Jones experimented with the use of non-traditional instruments, such as the
sitar and slide guitar, in their early days.[394][395] The group started out covering early rock 'n'
roll and blues songs, and have never stopped playing live or recording cover songs.[396]
According to biographer Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the Stones "pioneered the gritty, hard-
driving blues-based rock & roll that came to define hard rock with a "strong yet subtly
swinging rhythm" provided by Wyman and Watts.[397]

Jagger and Richards had a shared admiration of Jimmy Reed, Muddy Waters,[398] and Howlin'
Wolf.[398] Little Walter influenced Brian Jones. Richards recalls, "He was more into T-Bone
Walker and jazz blues stuff. We'd turn him onto Chuck Berry and say, 'Look, it's all the same
shit, man, and you can do it.'"[6] Charlie Watts, a traditional jazz drummer,[399][400] was also
introduced to the blues through his association with the pair, stating in 2003, "Keith and
Brian turned me on to Jimmy Reed and people like that. I learned that Earl Phillips was
playing on those records like a jazz drummer, playing swing, with a straight four."[401] Jagger,
recalling when he first heard the likes of Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Muddy Waters, Fats
Domino, and other major American R&B artists, said it "seemed the most real thing"[402] he
had heard up to that point. Similarly, Keith Richards, describing the first time he listened to
Muddy Waters, said it was the "most powerful music [he had] ever heard ... the most
expressive".[402][403] He also recalled, "when you think of some dopey, spotty seventeen year
old from Dartford, who wants to be Muddy Waters—and there were a lot of us—in a way,
very pathetic, but in another way, [it was] very ... heartwarming".[404]

Despite the Rolling Stones' predilection for blues and R&B numbers on their early live set
lists, the first original compositions by the band reflected a more wide-ranging interest. Critic
Richie Unterberger described the first Jagger/Richards single, "Tell Me (You're Coming
Back)", as a "pop rock ballad ... When [Jagger and Richards] began to write songs, they were
usually not derived from the blues, but were often surprisingly fey, slow, Mersey-type pop
numbers".[405] "As Tears Go By", the ballad originally written for Marianne Faithfull, was one
of the first songs written by Jagger and Richards and one of many written by the duo for other
artists. Jagger said of the song, "It's a relatively mature song considering the rest of the output
at the time. And we didn't think of [recording] it, because the Rolling Stones were a butch
blues group."[406] The Rolling Stones did later record a version which became a top five hit in
the US.[407]

Richards said of their early writing experiences, "The amazing thing is that although Mick
and I thought these songs were really puerile and kindergarten-time, every one that got put
out made a decent showing in the charts. That gave us extraordinary confidence to carry on,
because at the beginning songwriting was something we were going to do in order to say to
Andrew [Loog Oldham], 'Well, at least we gave it a try ...'"[72] Jagger opined, "We were very
pop-orientated. We didn't sit around listening to Muddy Waters; we listened to everything. In
some ways it's easy to write to order ... Keith and I got into the groove of writing those kind
of tunes; they were done in ten minutes. I think we thought it was a bit of a laugh, and it
turned out to be something of an apprenticeship for us."[72]

A Vox Teardrop guitar used by Brian Jones on display at

Hard Rock Cafe in Sacramento, California

The writing of "The Last Time", the Rolling Stones' first major single, proved a turning point.
Richards called it "a bridge into thinking about writing for the Stones. It gave us a level of
confidence; a pathway of how to do it."[81] The song was based on a traditional gospel song
popularised by the Staple Singers, but the Rolling Stones' number features a distinctive guitar
riff, played by Brian Jones.[408] Prior to the emergence of Jagger/Richards as the Stones'
songwriters, the band members occasionally were given collective credit under the
pseudonym Nanker Phelge. Some songs attributed to Nanker Phelge have been re-attributed
to Jagger/Richards.[409]

Beginning with Jones and continuing with Wood, the Rolling Stones have developed what
Richards refers to as the "ancient art of weaving" responsible for part of their sound—the
interplay between two guitarists on stage.[410] Unlike most bands, the Stones follow Richards'
lead rather than the drummer's.[411][412] Likewise, Watts was primarily a jazz player who was
able to bring that genre's influences to the style of the band's drumming.[399][400] The following
of Richards' lead has led to conflicts between Jagger and Richards, and they have been
known to annoy one another, but they have both agreed it makes for a better record; Watts in
particular has praised Jagger's production skills.[413] In the studio the band have tended to use
a fluid personnel for recordings and not use the same players for each song. Guest pianists
were commonplace on recordings; several songs on Beggars Banquet are driven by Nicky
Hopkins' piano playing. On Exile on Main St., Richards plays bass on three tracks while
Taylor plays on four.[414]

Richards started using open tunings for rhythm parts (often in conjunction with a capo), most
prominently an open-E or open-D tuning in 1968. Beginning in 1969, he often used 5-string
open-G tuning (with the lower 6th string removed), as heard on the 1969 single "Honky Tonk
Women", "Brown Sugar" (Sticky Fingers, 1971), "Tumbling Dice" (capo IV), "Happy" (capo
IV), (Exile on Main St., 1972), and "Start Me Up" (Tattoo You, 1981).[415]

The feuds between Jagger and Richards originated in the 1970s when Richards was a heroin
addict,[416][417] resulting in Jagger managing the band's affairs for many years.[406] When
Richards got himself off heroin and became more present in decision-making, Jagger was not
used to it and did not like having his authority diminished. This led to the period Richards has
referred to as "World War III".[247] Of making albums with the Stones, Richards referred to it
in 2023 as "controlled madness. Mick is the controller and I'm the madness."[418]

Musical collaboration between members of the band and supporting musicians was key, due
to the fluid lineups typically experienced by the band in the studio,[419][420] as tracks tended to
be recorded "by whatever members of the group happened to be around at the time of the
sessions".[420] Over time, Jagger has developed into the template for rock frontmen and, with
the help of the Stones, has, in the words of the Telegraph, "changed music" through his
contributions to it as a pioneer of the modern music industry.[421]

Stephen Hyden writes:

The Rolling Stones turn 50 next year, an unprecedented milestone for a rock group and
confirmation of an obvious truism: Nobody survives like the world's greatest rock 'n' roll
band. Starting out as a purist blues combo that fronted a bad-boy image while recording the
occasional Lennon/McCartney pop tune and string-laden ballad to help secure their
popularity, the Stones deftly moved through a number of guises in the '60s and '70s while
remaining essentially the same band at its core. When arena-rock reigned, the Stones became
an excessive live act whose decadence was on par with Led Zeppelin; when David Bowie and
glam became the hippest thing in England, Mick Jagger lathered on the mascara and campy
posturing. By the time of 1978's Some Girls, the Stones absorbed the energy of New York
City's punk and disco scenes so completely that it reinvigorated the band's career, spawning
their final (to date) No. 1 single in the U.S., "Miss You."[422]
Legacy
See also: List of awards and nominations received by the Rolling Stones

Aerial view of the Stones' concert at Washington–Grizzly

Stadium in Missoula, Montana, in October 2006. On three separate tours, the Stones have set
records for the highest-grossing concert tour.[423]

Since their formation in 1962, the Rolling Stones have survived multiple feuds.[424][425] They
have released 31 studio albums,[426] 13 live albums,[427] 28 official compilation albums and
many recognised bootleg recordings,[428] all of which comprise more than 340 songs.[429]
According to OfficialCharts.com, the Stones are ranked the fourth bestselling group of all
time. Their top single is "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction",[430] regarded by many at the time as
"the classic example of rock and roll".[398] The Stones contributed to the blues lexicon,
creating their own "codewords" and slang, such as "losing streak" for menstrual period,
which they have used throughout their catalogue of songs.[398]

They pioneered the "raw, blues-based sound" that came to define hard rock[431] and has been
viewed as the musical "vanguard of a major transfusion" of various cultural attitudes, making
them accessible to youth in Britain and the rest of the world.[398] Muddy Waters was quoted as
saying that the Rolling Stones and other English bands piqued the interest of American youth
in blues musicians. After they came to the United States, sales of Waters' albums—and those
of other blues musicians—increased public interest,[432] thus helping to reconnect the country
with its own music.[433]

The Stones were supporters of the civil rights movement, having a clause in period contracts
stating that they would not perform in segregated venues. Breach of this clause would fine the
promoter £30,100 and allow the band to walk away. Their support of civil rights causes has
continued to the current era.[434]

In 1981, Rolling Stone wrote that the Stones "are the great rock & roll rhythm section of our
time" and are "special primarily because they understand that a great rock & roll band never
takes too much for granted."[435] In 2010, they ranked fourth on the magazine's list of the
Greatest Artists of All Time. Steven Van Zandt wrote:

The Rolling Stones are my life. If it wasn't for them, I would have been a Soprano for real. I
first saw the Stones on TV, on The Hollywood Palace in 1964. In '64, the Beatles were
perfect: the hair, the harmonies, the suits. They bowed together. Their music was
extraordinarily sophisticated. The whole thing was exciting and alien but very distant in its
perfection. The Stones were alien and exciting, too. But with the Stones, the message was,
"Maybe you can do this." The hair was sloppier. The harmonies were a bit off. And I don't
remember them smiling at all. They had the R&B traditionalist's attitude: "We are not in
show business. We are not pop music." And the sex in Mick Jagger's voice was adult. This
wasn't pop sex — holding hands, playing spin the bottle. This was the real thing. Jagger had
that conversational quality that came from R&B singers and bluesmen, that sort of half-
singing, not quite holding notes. The acceptance of Jagger's voice on pop radio was a turning
point in rock & roll. He broke open the door for everyone else. Suddenly, Eric Burdon and
Van Morrison weren't so weird — even Bob Dylan.[436]

The Rolling Stones store on Carnaby Street in London in

2012. Merchandise has contributed to the band's record-breaking revenues.[437]

The Telegraph has called Mick Jagger "the Rolling Stone who changed music".[421] The band
has been the subject of numerous documentaries and were inducted into the Rock and Roll
Hall of Fame by Pete Townshend in 1989.[438][439] The Rolling Stones have inspired and
mentored new generations of musical artists both as a band[440][441] and individually.[442][443]
They are also credited with changing the "whole business model of popular music".[421] The
only artists to top the UK Album Charts in six different decades, they are tied with Elvis
Presley and Robbie Williams for the second most number 1 albums on the Official UK Chart,
surpassed only by the Beatles.[372]

In 2002, CNN called the Stones "far and away the most successful act in rock today", adding,
"since 1989 alone, the band has generated more than $1.5 billion in gross revenues. That total
includes sales of records, song rights, merchandising, sponsorship money, and touring. The
Stones have made more money than U2, or Springsteen, or Michael Jackson, or Britney
Spears, or the Who—or whoever. Sure, Mick attended the London School of Economics, but
his greatest talent, besides strutting and singing, is his ability to surround himself and the rest
of the band with a group of very able executives."[437] The Rolling Stones have sold over
240 million albums worldwide.[444]

In a review of the band's 2020 acoustic rendition of "You Can't Always Get What You Want"
for Global Citizen's One World: Together At Home on-line and on-screen concert, Billboard
stated that they are "still the masters of delivering unforgettable live performances." [445] On
their enduring appeal and reinvention, Rich Cohen of The Wall Street Journal wrote in 2016:

The Stones have gone through at least five stylistic iterations: cover band, '60s pop, '60s acid,
'70s groove, '80s New Wave. At some point, they lost that elasticity and ability to reinvent—
they got old—but the fact that they did it so well for so long explains their inexhaustible
relevance. The Stones have lived and died and been reborn again and again. It means that, for
many different generations of adults, the sound of high school was the Rolling Stones. The
Stones have reinvented themselves so many times that they might as well be immortal. [446]
The band have received and been nominated for multiple awards including three Grammy
Awards (and 12 nominations) and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1986,[447] the
Juno Award for International Entertainer of the Year in 1991,[448] U.K.'s Jazz FM Awards
Album of the Year (2017) for their album Blue & Lonesome,[449] and NME (New Musical
Express) awards such as best live band and the NME award for best music film, for their
documentary Crossfire Hurricane.[450]

On Jagger's 75th birthday in 2018, scientists named seven fossil stoneflies after present and
former members of the band. Two species, Petroperla mickjaggeri and Lapisperla
keithrichardsi, were placed within a new family Petroperlidae. The new family was named in
honour of the Rolling Stones, derived from the Greek "petra" that stands for "stone". The
scientists referred to the fossils as "Rolling Stoneflies".[451] This theme was continued when
NASA named a rock disturbed by the thrusters of the Mars InSight Lander "Rolling Stones
Rock", as announced by Robert Downey Jr. during the band's 22 August 2019 performance in
Pasadena, California.[452] In 2020, a third species of Petroperlidae, Branchioperla ianstewarti,
was named after Ian Stewart, pianist and founding member of the band.[453]

In 2019, Billboard magazine ranked the Rolling Stones second on their list of the "Greatest
Artists of All Time", based on the band's US chart success.[454] In 2022, the band featured on a
series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail[455] and their 60th anniversary was
commemorated with a collectible coin by the Royal Mint.[456] The band has 38 top-10 albums
in the US, the most of any artist.[457] They have sold more than 250 million albums
worldwide.[458][459][460]

Live performances
Main article: List of the Rolling Stones concert tours

Since their first concert on 12 July 1962 at the Marquee Club in London,[461] the Rolling
Stones have performed more than two thousand concerts around the world[462] and have gone
on over 48 tours of varying length, including three of the highest-grossing tours of all time:
Bridges to Babylon,[423] Voodoo Lounge,[264] and A Bigger Bang.[297]

From small clubs and hotels in London with little room for Jagger to move around[463][464] to
selling out stadiums worldwide, Rolling Stones tours have changed significantly over the
decades. The Stones' early setups were simple compared to what they became later in the
band's career, when elaborate stage designs, pyrotechnics, and giant screens were used. By
the time the Stones toured America in 1969, they began to fill large halls and arenas, such as
The Forum in Inglewood, California.[465] They were also using more equipment, including
lighting rigs and better sound equipment, than they had used in clubs.[465]

The 1969 tour is considered a "great watershed tour" by Mick Jagger because they "started
hanging the sound and therefore hanging the lights".[466] Attributing the birth of arena rock to
the Stones 1969 US tour, The Guardian ranked it 19 on their list of the 50 key events in rock
music history.[467] Before this tour the loudest sound at large-capacity shows was often the
crowd, so the Stones used lighting and sound systems that ensured they could be seen and
heard in the biggest arenas. The Guardian commented that their "combination of front-of-
house excellence and behind-the-scenes savvy took the business of touring to an entirely new
level."[467] During the 1972 tour, the Stones developed a complex light show that included
giant mirrors that bounced the light off them.[468][469]

The Stones' concert runway at Prudential Center in

Newark, New Jersey, in 2012; it first appeared in Stones' concerts in 1981.

During the 1975 Tour of the Americas, arena shows became an industry for the band, and the
Stones hired a new lighting director, Jules Fisher.[470][page needed] The props the band used on
stage increased in both size and sophistication, similar to those on Broadway.[466] They started
to use multiple stages, from which they would select for a particular show. On this tour they
had two versions of what Jagger referred to as the "lotus stage". One version had a large
Venetian (cylindrical) curtain, and the other had leaves that began in a folded up position and
opened during the beginning of the concert.[466] This period also included a variety of props,
including inflatable penises and other gimmicks,[466] and incorporated a number of circus
tricks.[466]

During the 1981–1982 American tour, the Stones worked with Japanese designer Kazuhide
Yamazari in constructing their stages for stadium-sized locations and audiences. [471][472]
During this period, stages increased in size to include runways and movable sections of the
stage going out into the audience.[471][472] This tour used coloured panels and was one of the
last Stones tours to do so before switching to devices such as video screens.[471] Stadium
shows provided a new challenge for the band.[473]

When you're out there in this vast stadium, you have to physically tiny up on stage, so that's
why on the 1981-2 tour we had those coloured panels and later we started using devices like
video screens. We became very aware of not being seen, of just being there like ants. Mick is
the one who really has to project himself over the footlights. And when the show gets that
big, you need a little extra help, you need a couple of gimmicks, as we call it, in the show.
You need fireworks, you need lights, you need a bit of theatre.

— Charlie Watts, According to the Rolling Stones[471]

Over time, their props and stage equipment have become increasingly sophisticated. When
the Stones began to fill stadium-sized venues, or larger, they ran into the problem of the
audience no longer being able to see them. This was particularly the case when they
performed a free concert for an estimated 1.5 million people[474] in Rio de Janeiro on the A
Bigger Bang tour in 2006.[475] The show required over 500 lights, hundreds of speakers, and a
video screen almost thirteen metres (43 ft) in length.[474][476][477] Due to the 2.5 km (1.6 mi)
length of the beach on which the Stones performed,[477] sound systems had to be set up in a
relay pattern down the length of the beach, to keep the sound in sync with the music from the
stage;[477] for every three hundred and forty metres (1,120 ft) of beach, the sound would be
delayed by an additional second.[476][477]
Band members
Main article: List of Rolling Stones band members

Current members

 Mick Jagger – lead and backing vocals, harmonica, rhythm guitar, percussion,
keyboards, bass (1962–present)[478][479][480]
 Keith Richards – lead and rhythm guitars, bass, keyboards, percussion, backing and
lead vocals (1962–present)[478][479]
 Ronnie Wood – lead and rhythm guitars, slide guitar, bass, backing vocals, pedal steel
guitar (1975–present)[478][479]

Former members

 Brian Jones – lead and rhythm guitars, slide guitar, harmonica, keyboards, sitar,
Appalachian dulcimer, marimbas, recorder, saxophone, percussion, backing vocals
(1962–1969; died 1969)[478][479]
 Ian Stewart – piano, organ, percussion (1962–1963; touring and session musician
1963–1985; his death)[478][479]
 Bill Wyman – bass, keyboards, percussion,[481][482][483][484][485] backing and occasional
lead vocals (1962–1993; guest 2011, 2012, 2023)[478][479][486]
 Charlie Watts – drums, percussion, occasional backing vocals (1963–2021; his death)
[478][479][487]

 Mick Taylor – lead and slide guitars, bass, synthesisers, congas, backing vocals
(1969–1974; guest 2012–2014)[478][479]

Discography
Main articles: The Rolling Stones discography and List of songs recorded by the Rolling
Stones

Studio albums

 The Rolling Stones (1964, UK)[488][489]

 England's Newest Hit Makers (1964, US)
 12 X 5 (1964, US)[490]
 The Rolling Stones No. 2 (1965, UK)[491]
 The Rolling Stones, Now! (1965, US)[491]
 Out of Our Heads (1965, UK and US versions different)[492]
 December's Children (And Everybody's) (1965, US)[493]
 Aftermath (1966, UK and US versions different)[494]
 Between the Buttons (1967, UK and US versions different)[495]
 Their Satanic Majesties Request (1967, studio albums are uniform in UK and US
from this album onwards)[496]
 Beggars Banquet (1968)[497]
 Let It Bleed (1969)[498]
 Sticky Fingers (1971)[499]
 Exile on Main St. (1972)[500]
  Goats Head Soup (1973)[501]
 It's Only Rock 'n Roll (1974)[502]
 Black and Blue (1976)[503]
 Some Girls (1978)[504]
 Emotional Rescue (1980)[505]
 Tattoo You (1981)[506]
 Undercover (1983)[507]
 Dirty Work (1986)[508]
 Steel Wheels (1989)[509]
 Voodoo Lounge (1994)[510]
 Bridges to Babylon (1997)[511]
 A Bigger Bang (2005)[512]
 Blue & Lonesome (2016)[356]
 Hackney Diamonds (2023)

Tours
Main article: List of the Rolling Stones concert tours

 British Tour 1963 (1963)

 1st British Tour 1964 (1964)
 2nd British Tour 1964 (1964)
 1st American Tour 1964 (1964)
 3rd British Tour 1964 (1964)
 4th British Tour 1964 (1964)
 2nd American Tour 1964 (1964)
 Irish Tour 1965 (1965)
 Far East Tour 1965 (1965)
 1st British Tour 1965 (1965)
 1st European Tour 1965 (1965)
 2nd European Tour 1965 (1965)
 1st American Tour 1965 (1965)
 3rd European Tour 1965 (1965)
 2nd Irish Tour 1965 (1965)
 4th European Tour 1965 (1965)
 2nd British Tour 1965 (1965)
 2nd American Tour 1965 (1965)
 Australasian Tour 1966 (1966)
 European Tour 1966 (1966)
 American Tour 1966 (1966)
 British Tour 1966 (1966)
 European Tour 1967 (1967)
 American Tour 1969 (1969)
 European Tour 1970 (1970)
 UK Tour 1971 (1971)
 American Tour 1972 (1972)
 Pacific Tour 1973 (1973)
 European Tour 1973 (1973)
 Tour of the Americas '75 (1975)
 Tour of Europe '76 (1976)
  US Tour 1978 (1978)
 American Tour 1981 (1981)
 European Tour 1982 (1982)
 Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour (1989–1990)
 Voodoo Lounge Tour (1994–1995)
 Bridges to Babylon Tour (1997–1998)
 No Security Tour (1999)
 Licks Tour (2002–2003)
 A Bigger Bang Tour (2005–2007)
 50 & Counting (2012–2013)
 14 On Fire (2014)
 Zip Code (2015)
 América Latina Olé (2016)
 No Filter Tour (2017–2021)
 Sixty (2022)
 Hackney Diamonds Tour (2024)

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by the Rolling Stones

Notes
1.

 Mick Avory himself has categorically denied "on many occasions"[19] that he played with
the Rollin' Stones that night. In fact he only rehearsed twice with them in the Bricklayers
Arms pub, before they became known as the Rollin' Stones.[20]
  Wyman's book Rolling With The Stones incorrectly states the band played the Alcove
club that night.[55]
  The comma in the early version of the song title, "Paint It, Black", being later dropped.
  News of the World was tipped off by Richards' Belgian chauffeur. The chauffeur
"developed a severe perambulatory impediment after ratting the band out to the News of the
World in the build-up to the Redlands raid. In Richards' words: 'As I heard it, he never
walked the same again.' "[111]
  The original cover for Beggars Banquet did not surface until the 1980s.[138]
  The previous performance was in 1976 at the Knebworth Fair.[301]

7.  The 2013 show tickets were not free like they were for the 1969 concert the band
performed in Hyde Park.[334]

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Further reading
 Booth, Stanley (1984). Dance with the Devil: The Rolling Stones & Their Times.
Random House. ISBN 978-0-394-53488-6.
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0-312-11841-9.
 Carr, Roy (1976). The Rolling Stones: An Illustrated Record. Harmony Books.
ISBN 978-0-517-52641-5.
 Egan, Sean (2006). The Rough Guide to the Rolling Stones. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-
84353-719-9.
 Egan, Sean (2014). The Utmost Guide to The Rolling Stones. Askill. ISBN 978-0-
954575-06-9.
 Flippo, Chet (1985). On the Road With the Rolling Stones. Doubleday/Dolphin.
ISBN 978-0-385-19374-0.
  Forget, Thomas (2003). The Rolling Stones. Rosen Central. ISBN 978-0-8239-3644-
1.
 Greenfield, Robert (2002) [1974]. S.T.P.: A Journey Through America with the
Rolling Stones. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81199-9.
 Hector, James (1995). The Complete Guide to the Music of the Rolling Stones.
Omnibus. ISBN 978-0-7119-4303-2.
 Hotchner, A. E. (1990). Blown Away: The Rolling Stones and the Death of the Sixties.
Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-69316-9.
 Jackson, Laura (1993). Golden Stone: The Untold Life and Tragic Death of Brian
Jones. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-09820-9.
 Janovitz, Bill (2013). Rocks Off: 50 Tracks That Tell the Story of the Rolling Stones.
St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-02631-6.
 McMillian, John (2013). Beatles vs. Stones. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-
5969-9.
 Miller, Jim (1980). The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll: The
Definitive History of the Most Important Artists and Their Music. Random House.
ISBN 978-0-679-73728-5.
 Phelge, James (2000). Nankering with the Stones. A Capella Books. ISBN 978-1-
55652-373-1.
 Sanchez, Tony (1996). Up and Down with the Rolling Stones. Da Capo. ISBN 978-0-
306-80711-4.
 Spitz, Marc (2011). Jagger: Rebel, Rock Star, Rambler, Rogue. Gotham Books.
ISBN 978-1-59240-655-5.

External links
The Rolling Stones at Wikipedia's sister projects

 Media from Commons

 Quotations from Wikiquote
 Data from Wikidata

 Official website
 The Rolling Stones at Curlie
 The Rolling Stones at AllMusic
 The Rolling Stones discography at Discogs


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The Rolling Stones

 Mick Jagger
 Keith Richards
 Ronnie Wood

 Brian Jones
  Ian Stewart
 Bill Wyman
 Charlie Watts
 Mick Taylor
 Dick Taylor
 Ricky Fenson
 Tony Chapman
 Carlo Little

 Let's Spend the Night Together (1983)

 Video Rewind (1984)
 Stones at the Max (1992)
 Sympathy for the Devil (1994)
 Voodoo Lounge Live (1995)
 The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (1996)
 Bridges to Babylon Tour '97–98 (1998)
 Four Flicks (2003)
 Toronto Rocks (2004)
 A Bigger Bang: Special Edition (2005)
 The Biggest Bang (2007)
 T.A.M.I. Show (2010)
 Ladies and Gentlemen: The Rolling Stones (2010)
Video releases
 Some Girls: Live in Texas '78 (2011)
 Muddy Waters & The Rolling Stones Live At The Checkerboard
Lounge, Chicago 1981 (2012)
 Sweet Summer Sun: Live in Hyde Park (2013)
 Hampton Coliseum (Live 1981) (2014)
 L.A. Friday (2014)
 Live at the Tokyo Dome (2015)
 Live at Leeds (2015)
 Totally Stripped (2016)
 Havana Moon (2016)
 Voodoo Lounge Uncut (2018)
 Steel Wheels Live (2020)

 Charlie Is My Darling (1966)

 The Stones in the Park (1969)
 Gimme Shelter (1970)
 Cocksucker Blues (1972)
 25×5: the Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones (1989)
 Stripped (1995)
Documentaries  Shine a Light (2008)
 Get Yer Ya-Ya's Out! (2009)
 Stones in Exile (2010)
 Crossfire Hurricane (2012)
 Olé Olé Olé!: A Trip Across Latin America (2017)
 Catching Fire: The Story of Anita Pallenberg

Tours  British Tour 1963

 1964 tours
  1965 tours
 1966 tours
 European Tour 1967
 American Tour 1969
 European Tour 1970
 UK Tour 1971
 American Tour 1972
 Pacific Tour 1973
 European Tour 1973
 Tour of the Americas '75
 Tour of Europe '76
 US Tour 1978
 American Tour 1981
 Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour
 Voodoo Lounge Tour
 Bridges to Babylon Tour
 No Security Tour
 Licks Tour
 A Bigger Bang Tour
 50 & Counting
 14 On Fire
 Zip Code
 América Latina Olé
 No Filter Tour
 Sixty
 Hackney Diamonds Tour

 Redlands
 Stargroves
 Nellcôte
Associated  The Wick
places  Downe House
 The Mick Jagger Centre
 Stones Fan Museum

Related  Discography
articles  Songs
 Awards and nominations
 Concert tours
 Jagger–Richards
 Nanker/Phelge
 Rolling Stones Records
 Promotone
 Altamont Free Concert
 The Rolling Stones' Redlands bust
 Rolling Stones Mobile Studio
 The Rolling Stones: An Illustrated Record
 Andrew Loog Oldham
 Eric Easton
 Allen Klein
  Nicky Hopkins
 John Pasche
 Instruments played
 Stone Country: Country Artists Perform the Songs of the Rolling
Stones
 Tongue and lips logo
 The Stone Age: Sixty Years of the Rolling Stones

 Category

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Mick Jagger

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Keith Richards

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Bill Wyman

Articles related to the Rolling Stones

Authority control databases

Categories:

 The Rolling Stones

 1962 establishments in England
 A&M Records artists
 Atlantic Records artists
 British Invasion artists
 English musical trios
 English musical quartets
 English blues musical groups
 British rhythm and blues boom musicians
 British rock and roll music groups
 Columbia Records artists
 Decca Records artists
 English blues rock musical groups
 English hard rock musical groups
 Geffen Records artists
 Grammy Award winners
 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
 Juno Award for International Entertainer of the Year winners
 NME Awards winners
 London Records artists
 Musical groups established in 1962
 Rock music groups from London
 Virgin Records artists
 World Music Awards winners

 This page was last edited on 2 August 2