7

SCIENCE
Quarter 2 – Module 5
The Concept of an Ecosystem
 7

Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
The Concept of an Ecosystem
Week 6-7

ARACIELY N. ESMA
Teacher III
 What I Need to Know

Hello? In module 5, you found out how organisms reproduce sexually

and asexually. Reproduction in organisms is very important for continued
existence of the organisms.
This module is divided into three (3) lessons.
Lesson 1: Components of an Ecosystem
Lesson 2: Ecological Relationships
Lesson 3: Effect of Changes in the Abiotic Factors in an Ecosystem

In this module, you will find out how living organisms depend on
other organisms and nonliving factors in the environment for survival.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate biotic from abiotic components of an ecosystem (MELC
Week 6 S7LT-IIh-9)
2. Describe the different ecological relationships found in an ecosystem
(MELC Week 6 S7LT-IIh-10)
3. Predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors on the ecosystem (MELC
Week 7 S7LT-IIj-12)

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct
answer for each question. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. Which of the following is considered as a biotic component of an ecosystem?

A. Animals C. Soil
B. Light D. Temperature

2. What do you call the organism that feeds on other organisms because they cannot
produce their own food?
A. Autotrophs C. Decomposers
B. Consumers D. Producers

3
 3. Which of the following describes abiotic component?
A. It has a living and non–living organism.
B. It is a living organism in an ecosystem.
C. It is a non–living thing in an ecosystem.
D. It is an organism that lives in an ecosystem.

4. Which of the following interactions exhibits mutualism?

A. Man and fish C. Carabao and cow

B. Spider and tree D. Ants and Acacia tree

5. What kind of relationship is demonstrated by ferns that live on the trucks of trees?

A. Commensalism C. Parasitism
B. Mutualism D. Predation

6. The ecological relationship of a bee and a flower is the same kind of

relationship as that of:

A. the lice and a child

B. a lizard and an insect
C. the pigs in the pigpen
D. sea anemone and clown fish
7. In which type of relationships do organisms compete for survival?
A. Competition C. Parasitism
B. Mutualism D. Predation

8. Which of the following abiotic factors protects plant from erosion and other
destructive physical, biological and chemical activity?
A. Air C. Sunlight
B. Soil D. Water

9. Which human activities is NOT a help in reducing the effects of air

pollution?
A. Planting of trees C. Segregation of wastes
B. Burning of garbage D. Reduction of trips using cars

4
10. Which of these is a problem that may arise if there is changes in the quantity and
quality of water?
A. Diseases from infectious organisms
B. Accumulation of toxic chemicals
C. Oversupply of plant nutrients
D. Increase of atmospheric temperature

5
Lesson
Components of an Ecosystem
1
What’s In

When we go beyond the interaction among members of a biotic

community including their interaction with the nonliving environment, what are
we describing? It is an ECOSYSTEM!

What’s New

In an ecosystem, interactions exist among living and nonliving things. It is

composed of a community interacting with its environment. Environment refers to
everything that surrounds an organism. All organisms are independent of its
surrounding. The environment provides the conditions that organisms needed to
maintain life. The environment may be a small or big area. The ecosystem may be in
a sea, in an ocean, on a mountain, or in a desert. The resources that can be found
in an ecosystem are utilized repeatedly.

According to Charles Darwin, every population is dependent upon several

other populations within an ecosystem. The interdependency among living
organisms is based on food, protection, and reproduction.

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 What is It

The ecosystem is composed of the biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving)

components in the environment.

The Biotic Components

The biotic components are the living things in the ecosystem. The biotic
components include the producers, consumers, and decomposers.

Producers
Green plants are known as the producers. They are the organisms capable of
making their own food so they are also called as autotrophs. They manufacture food
in the form of glucose by the process of photosynthesis.

Consumers
Animals, or the consumers, obtain their food from plants or other animals so
they are called as heterotrophs. They cannot produce their own food unlike the
green plants.
There are different types of consumers, namely, the herbivores, the
carnivores, and the omnivores. The herbivores are those that eat plants only such
as grasshoppers, goat, and carabao. Carnivores are those that eat other animals
only, examples are snake, sharks, and spiders. Animals that eat both plants and
animals are called as omnivores such as chicken, dog, and cat. A scavenger is a
consumer that feeds on tissues of dead animals. Examples of scavengers are
vultures, crows, and ants.
Organisms that feed directly on producers or green plants are called primary
consumers or first-order consumers. Examples of these are insects like caterpillar.
Animals that eat first-order consumers are called as secondary consumers or
second-order consumers. Examples are birds and frogs. Consumers that feed on
second-order consumers, such as snakes, are called tertiary consumers or third-
order consumers, and so on.

Decomposers
Decomposers, or saprophytes, use the bodies of dead animals and plants for
their food. The materials contained in these dead bodies are broken down by the
decomposers thus they get the energy they need and release the minerals and other

7
 nutrients back into the environment for use again by the other organisms. Bacteria
are among the most abundant decomposers while fungi are known to be the fast-
acting decomposers. They can be found everywhere. They are an indispensable
component of the ecosystem because without them, the materials within the bodies
of the dead organisms would never be used again. They are popularly known as the
“janitors of nature.”

Figure1. Corn, a producer Figure2. Frog, a consumer Figure3. Mushroom, a decomposer

The Abiotic Components

The nonliving things of the environment make up the abiotic component of
the ecosystem. These include the physical and chemical factors in the environment,
such as temperature, wind, water, light, chemical nutrients, salinity, and soil.

Biotic and abiotic components of the environment work hand in hand to

maintain balance in our ecosystem. To provide each living organisms the
requirement for them to survive and reproduce.

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 What’s More

Activity 1: FILL ME IN: ECOSYTEM’S COMPONENTS

Complete the diagram on ecosystem by using the words in the box. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.

abiotic factors water biotic factors plants air

soil temperature animals bacteria light

Activity 2: Identifying Consumers

Classify the following organisms in the table as producer, consumer, or decomposer.

What Type of What Type of

Consumer: Consumer:

Fungi Mango Tree

Banana Bird

Grasshopper Bacteria

Goat Coconut Tree

Spider Pig

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 What I Have Learned

1. Environment refers to everything that surrounds an organism.

2. Ecosystem refers to all the living things and nonliving things in a given area
3. The biotic components are the living things in the ecosystem while the abiotic
components are the nonliving things.
4. The biotic components of an ecosystem include the producers, consumers, and
the decomposers.
• Producers – are green plants that can manufacture their own food. They are
also known as autotrophs (or self-nourishing).
• Animals, or the consumers, obtain their food from plants or other animals so
they are called as heterotrophs.
Different types of Consumers:
a. Herbivores – eat plants only
b. Carnivores – eat other animals only
c. Omnivores – eat both plants and animals
d. Scavenger – feeds on tissues of dead animals
o Primary Consumers or first-order consumers – feed directly on producers or
green plants
o Secondary consumers or second-order consumers – feed on first-order
consumers
o Tertiary consumers or third-order consumers – feed on second-orders
consumers
• Decomposers, or saprophytes, use the bodies of dead animals and plants for
their food. They are popularly known as the “janitors of nature.”

5. Abiotic Components - these include the physical and chemical factors in the
environment, such as temperature, wind, water, light, chemical nutrients, salinity,
and soil

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 What I Can Do

Activity 3: Ecosystem Adventure!

Directions: Identify a particular ecosystem in your garden, front yard, or backyard.
What do you see? What biotic and abiotic components are present?
Draw that ecosystem then identify the biotic and abiotic components.

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 Lesson
Ecological Relationships
2
What’s In
The ecosystem is composed of the biotic and abiotic components in
the environment. You have learned that living organisms comprise the biotic
components, and nonliving things comprise the abiotic components.
Let’s see what you have learned in the previous lesson.

Activity 1: Biotic or Abiotic

Directions: Classify the words below as abiotic and biotic components. If it is biotic,
classify it further as producer, consumer, and decomposer.
Components Biotic or Producer,
Abiotic Consumer,
Decomposer
Bacteria
Grass
Wind
Rat
Water
Soil
Mushroom
Eggplant
Temperature
Fungi

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 What’s New

Plants and animals living together in an environment forms a natural

community. Animals depend upon their environment for the things that they need to
live. The same through with plants, most plants depend on animals for their
propagation. As you study different kinds of ecosystems, you have learned that
organisms do not live alone. Organisms need to interact with each other and to their
environment to meet their basic needs and to survive.

So how do organisms interact with each other in an ecosystem? Let us find out!

What is It

Ecological Relationships in an Ecosystem

In the environment, there are different organisms such as plants, animals,
and microscopic organisms like bacteria and fungi. A group of organisms of the
same kind or species that are living in the same place at the same time is known as
population. When populations interact in a given environment, they form a
community. And community interactions within and among populations may have
important influences to organisms’ death rate and birth rates, and on population
growth and size. The different interactions in an environment may have positive,
neutral, or even negative influences on the interacting populations.

All living organisms in an ecosystem affect one another. Any organism cannot
survive without other living things. They may help one another or even compete
each other for survival.

What are the different relationships that exist in the environment?

Mutualism
What happens when a butterfly visits a flower? The butterfly sucks the nectar
of the flower, in this, the butterfly serves as an agent of pollination and in effect, the
butterfly helps the flower to reproduce sexually. Both the butterfly and the flower
benefit from each other. The relationship where two organisms benefit from each
other is known as mutualism.
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 Figure1. A butterfly and a flower

Commensalism
A relationship where one organism benefits without
affecting each other. Orchids that grow on a tree is an example of
commensalism. Orchids are called as epiphytes as they depend on
other plants for support. They usually grow on trunks and
branches of trees. By growing on branches of trees, orchids get
light they need for photosynthesis and they are easily visited by
Figure2. An orchid
moths and other insects to pollinate them. Orchids do not harm
on a tree
the trees they grow in. They obtain nutrients from the air, falling
rain, and the compost that lie on tree branches.

Between the orchid and the trees, who is benefitted? Yes! It is the orchid. The
organism which gets the benefits is called the commensal, which uses the other
organism, the host, for transport, shelter or protection.

Parasitism
A type of relationship in which one organism, the parasite, lives at the
expense of the other, the host. The organism that benefits from the relationship is
called the parasite, which is usually smaller than the other organism, the host. An
example is the flea that thrives on a dog. What do you call the dog? the flea?

Figure3. A dog and a flea

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The parasites may live inside or outside the body of the host. Take tapeworms for
example, tapeworms live inside the intestines of humans. They depend upon the
host for their food and nutrients. Some parasites live outside the body of the host
like that of the mosquito. The mosquito is a parasite that lives outside the body of
the host. It sucks blood from the skin of man, which is the host.

Predation
In this type of relationship, the predator which is normally bigger in size, hunts,
kills, and feeds on the smaller, hunted animal called prey. This involves a fight for
survival. There are some communities where preadtors compete with other
predators for prey animals. The snake attacking a field rat for food is an example. Is
the bird eating a caterpillar an example of this relationship?

Figure4. Field rat and snake

Competition
Competition takes place when the members of the same or different species attempt
to utilize limited resources. It may happen between organisms of the same species or
between different species. Organisms compete each other for the same needs in their
environment. In this relationship, both organisms involved are harmed.
In the field, corn plants compete with weeds for water and mineral, trees
compete with one another for nutrients and sunlight. Another example is shown in
Figure 7.

Figure 7: Two deer competing for grasses

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 What’s More

Activity 2: Interactions of Organisms

Directions: Identify the organisms in the relationship as shown in each picture then
describe whether the organism is benefited, harmed or unaffected using the symbols
below. Use the following symbols:
+ if benefitted , - if harmed, 0 if unaffected.
(NOTE: The first example is done for you.)

Symbols to indicate
Examples whether
Participating Organisms the organism is benefited,
harmed or unaffected
Organism A Organism B Organism A Organism B

Child Worms
- +

1)

2)

3)

16
4)

5)

17
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Puzzle about Ecological Relationships

Directions: Complete the puzzle by identifying the term being described.

ACROSS DOWN
2 Animal that is being hunted, killed, 1 Animal that hunts
and eaten
4 Being harmed in parasitic relationship 3 Where organisms compete for
resources
5 Depend upon the host for their food 6 Organism which benefits in
and nutrients commensalism
8 Where 1 organism benefits and 7 Host-Parasite relationship
the other is unaffected
9 Relationship between a kangaroo
and tiger

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 What I Can Do

Activity 4: Exploring Relationships

Directions: List down ways or situations by which you observe the following
relationships in your classroom, school, or at home.
a. Mutualism
b. Commensalism
c. Parasitism
d. Predation
e. Competition
ECOLOGICAL Ways or situations you observe the
ecological relationship
RELATIONSHIPS
1. Mutualism

2. Commensalism

3. Parasitism

4. Predation

5. Competition

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 Lesson Effect of Changes in the
3 Abiotic Factors in an Ecosystem

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you learned the different ecological

relationships. These relationships allow organisms to interact with the other
organisms in many ways. The relationships may benefit one organism and
harm the other, benefit both or harm both.

This time you will have an assessment that will check your
understanding in the different types of ecological relationships.

Activity 1: What Relationship!

Directions: Identify the relationship that occurs in each pair of organisms.
Write your answer on the space before the number.
_______________1. Moss and Trees
_______________2. Eagle and Rabbit
_______________3. Frogs and Insects
_______________4. Ferns and Trees
_______________5. Mosquito and Man
_______________6. Ants and Acacia Trees
_______________7. Crocodile and Mice
_______________8. Man and Leech
_______________9. Dogs and Ticks
_______________10. Aphids and Ants

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 What’s New
Take a look at the picture below then read the article.

BOLINAO, Pangasinan, Philippines – Two towns in this province were hit by a

fish kill this week, affecting P21.9 million worth of fingerlings and harvestable
milkfish.

Bolinao Mayor Alfonso Celeste said 61 fish cages along the Kakiputan
Channel in Barangay Tara, Luna and Culang were affected.

Abegail Caracas, Bolinao aquaculture technician, said the fish kill started on
Tuesday following a heavy downpour.

In Anda town, fish cages in Barangays Awag and Mal-ong in Anda were
affected by fish kill.

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources-Dagupan City chief Westly

Rosario said sudden change of temperature or thermal shock, overstocking,
low dissolved oxygen and chemical contamination are among the most
common causes of fish kill.

-By Eva Visperas (Philstar.com, May 23, 2020 - 12:00am)

To find out if the article really helped you to discover and understand
some of the important concepts of the lesson, you will be asked to answer
the following questions below.
Guide Questions:
1. What is shown in the picture?
2. According to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources – Dagupan City
chief, what were the causes of fishkill in Anda and Bolinao?

Living organisms are affected by the nonliving factors in the environment in

which they live in. So this lesson will open your eyes up to the effect of changes in
abiotic factors in the ecosystem.
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 What is It
Water

Water is said to be the basic ingredient of life. It makes up three-fourths of

the earth and becomes habitat to most organisms. But when the quality and
quantity of water changes due to some disturbances, there will be some
problems that may arise. Examples of these problems are:
a. Diseases from infectious organisms carried within the water such as
cholera, dysentery, and amoebiasis.
b. Oversupply of plant nutrients (This accelerates plankton growth which
threatens the marine life)
c. Accumulation of toxic chemicals and minerals like
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT in bodies of water

Temperature

Temperature has an important influence on living organisms. Temperature

affects directly every function of plants and animals by controlling the rate of
their metabolism.

What will happen if there is an increase or decrease of temperature in the

environment?

If this happens, the reproduction and the survival rate of organisms will be
limited. Therefore, organisms must maintain an internal temperature or inhabit
in an environment that will keep their body within the temperature range for
them to survive.

Light
It is the main source of energy in all ecosystems. It provides organisms with
the light and heat needed to make earth habitable. The following will be effects
of having too much heat on the earth:
1. For plants, too much energy from the sun can disrupt the photosynthesis
and cause them to die.

22
 2. For animals, too much energy from the sun can cause their body to
dehydrate and cause death.
3. For humans, too much energy from the sun can cause them dehydration.

Human activities like deforestation (cutting down or burning of trees),

improper waste disposal, and plastic production, brought about the changes
of atmospheric heat.

Soil
Soil serves as a habitat and a pool of nutrients for many organisms. As
human population expanded, more land has been cleared that degrade the soil
and make erosion more likely to occur. What is soil erosion? It is a process of
wearing away of the upper layer of soil by various agents particularly water,

wind, and mass movement. Some human activities like deforestation,

overgrazing, and overcropping are also major cause of soil erosion.

Air
Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds the earth. Air has substantial effects
on organisms. Life is not possible without air. However, in this changing world,
the quality of air has changed. The quality of air is degraded, and it is because
of burning of fuels, garbage, vehicles, and exhaust from factories and industries.
Once there is a release of pollutants into the air that harm human and the
planet, it is considered as air pollution.

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 What’s More

Activity 2: Analyzing Situations

Directions: Analyze the pictures. List down the possible effects of each picture
to organisms living in that certain kind of ecosystem.

Photography and Copyright: Clipart Library

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Photography and Copyright: Online Biology Notes

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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 Photography and Copyright: Thrive Global

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Write True if the statement is correct, and False if not. Write your answer on the
space before the number.
__________1. Sunlight is the main source of energy in all ecosystems.
__________2. The process of wearing away of the upper layer of soil by various agents
particularly water, wind, and mass movement is known as deforestation.
__________3. The changes in quality and quantity of water is only due to natural
disturbances.
__________4. Too much energy from the sun can disrupt the photosynthesis in
plants.
__________5. Accumulation of toxic chemicals such as DDT is one of the problems
that may arise when there is changes in the temperature in the ecosystem.
__________6. A change of temperature limits reproduction and survival rate of
organisms.
__________7. The release of pollutants into the air is called as water pollution.
__________8. Degradation of air is because of burning of fuels, vehicles, and exhaust
from factories.
__________9. Light is the abiotic factor that affects every function of plants and
animals by controlling the rate of their metabolism.
__________10. Human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, and overcropping are
major causes of soil erosion.
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 What I Can Do

Activity 3: Ways to Reduce Problems

Directions: Cite ways on how you prevent or reduce the effects
of changes in the following abiotic factors in the ecosystem.

Ways on how you prevent or reduce the effect of changes in:

A. Water -

B. Light -

C. Air -

D. Temperature -

E. Soil -

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of

the correct answer for each question. Use a separate sheet for
your answers.

1. What system comprise humans, plants, and animals?

A. Abiotic components of the ecosystem
B. Biotic components of the ecosystem
C. Microorganisms in the ecosystem
D. Parasites in the ecosystem

2. What does “mutualism” mean?

A. One organism benefitted while the other is harmed.
B. One organism benefitted while the other is not affected.
C. Both organisms are benefitted.
D. Both organisms are harmed.

26
 3. Why are plants called as producers?
A. Plants use other organisms such as plants and animals for food.
B. Plants make their own food in the process called photosynthesis.
C. Plants produce fruits that can be consumed by animals and
humans.
D. Plants use decayed bodies of animals and plants for food.

4. If there is a limited supply of food in the same habitat, this will lead to:
A. Commensalism
B. Competition
C. Mutualism
D. Parasitism

5. Which of these is correctly describes the relationship between a dog

and a flea?
A. The dog is benefitted while the flea is harmed.
B. The dog is harmed while the flea is benefitted.
C. The dog is benefitted while the flea is unaffected.
D. The dog and the tree both benefit in the relationship.

6. Which of the following best describes the kinds of things that make
up an ecosystem?
A. All living things and non-living things C. Only living things
B. Humans and plants D. Animals only

7. Which is NOT an abiotic factor that affect the population of

organisms?
A. Earthquakes
B. Extreme temperatures
C. Predators
D. Typhoons

27
 8. Tapeworms are sometimes found in the small intestines of a cow. A tapeworm
attaches to the intestinal wall using suckers and then absorbs nutrients from
the cow’s intestine. Which of the following describes the relationship between
the tapeworm and the cow?
A. Commensalism
B. Competition
C. Parasitism
D. Predation

9. Which of these is an abiotic factor that affect the population of organisms?

A. Parasites C. Predators
B. Food availability D. Extreme temperatures

10. The relationship between a hawk and a rabbit is the same type of relationship
as that between:
A. A flea and a dog
B. A sea anemone and a clown fish
C. An egret and a cow
D. A snake and a chicken

Additional Activities
You made it! Now, arrange the jumbled letters to identify the term or terms described
by each clue about the concept of an ecosystem. Write your answer on the space provided.
Clue Jumbled Letters Answer
A relationship where the O T N C 1.
P T M
organisms are competing for
I E O I
resources
Both organisms benefit from M L U 2.
S T M
the relationship
I A U
Nonliving components of an I O 3.
C B T
ecosystem
I A
One organism, the parasite, R I M 4.
A S T I
lives at the expense of the
P A S
host

28
The relationship wherein one M O N A 5.
S L S E
organism benefits without
M C M I
affecting the other organism
An important abiotic factor E A 6.
R
which makes up three-
W T
fourths of the earth
One organism is benefitted N P E 7.
O R D
while the other is being eaten
I A T
or killed by other organism
Organisms that can R P E 8.
O R D
manufacture their own food.
S U C
Serves as a habitat and a L O 9.

pool of nutrients for many

S I
organisms
Introduction of harmful N T O 10.
O L P
materials in the environmnet
I U L

29
 Answer Key

What I Know
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. B
10. D

Lesson 1 (What’s More -Activity 2)

What Type of What Type of
Consumer: Consumer:

Fungi Decomposer Mango Tree Producer

Banana Producer Bird Consumer
Grasshopper Consumer Bacteria Decomposer
Goat Consumer Coconut Tree Producer
Spider Consumer Pig Consumer

30
Lesson 2 (What’s In)

Components Biotic or Producer, Consumer,

Abiotic Decomposer
Bacteria Biotic Decomposer
Grass Biotic Producer
Wind Abiotic
Rat Biotic Consumer
Water Abiotic
Soil Abiotic
Mushroom Biotic Decomposer
Eggplant Biotic Producer
Temperature Abiotic
Fungi Biotic Decomposer

Lesson 2 (What’s More)

Symbols to indicate
Participating whether the organism is
Examples Organisms benefited, harmed or
unaffected
Organism Organism Organism Organism B
A B A
1)

+
-
Leaf Caterpillar

2)

+ +
Aphids Ants

3)

Cat Rat/Mouse
+
--

31
4)

small fish/
shark +
remoras 0

5)

chick chick -
-

Lesson 2 (What I Have Learned)

32
Lesson 3 (What’s In) Lesson 3 (What I Assessment:
Have Learned)

1. Commensalism 1. True 1. B
2. Predation 2. False 2. C
3. Predation 3. False 3. B
4. Commensalism 4. True 4. B
5. Parasitism 5. False 5. B
6. Mutualism 6. True 6. A
7. Predation 7. False 7. C
8. Mutualism 8. True 8. C
9. Parasitism 9. False 9. D
10. Mutualism 10. True 10. D

Additional
Activities:
Answers may vary.
1. Competition
2. Mutualism
3. Abiotic
4. Parasitism
5. Commensalism
6. Water
7. Predation
8. Producers
9. Soil
10. Pollution

33
References
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Rabago, Lilia M. 2014. Science and Technology 7. Manila, Philippines. Vibal

Publishing House, Inc. pp.152-165.

Fuentes, Janeth Morata and Dalupang, John Paolo C. 2013. iLearn SCIENCE.
Innovative Educational Materials, Inc. pp. 138-160.

Bernas, Veronica S., et. al., 2015. Exploring the Realms of Science 7. Manila,
Philippines. JO-ES Publishing House, Inc. pp.154-164, 167-169.

Rabago, Lilia M. et. al., 1997. Science and Technology II. Manila, Philippines.
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Capco, Carmelita M. and Yang, Gilbert C. 1996. Biology. Manila, Philippines.

Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp.373-385.

Evangelista, Eden Veia, Follosco, Gloria Lajara, and Pili-Soriano, Adora.

2017.
Science in Today’s World. 2nd ed. Manila, Philippines. Sibs Publishing
House, Inc. pp.136-146.

Nueva Espaňa, Rebecca C., et. al., 2015. Science and Technology 7. Manila,
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Gutierrez, Marlene M. 1999. Science and Technology for the Modern World I.
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Sinugbuhan, Ruben L. and Villamil, Aurora M. 2009. Integrated Science I.

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B. Online and Other Sources

Image from Hiclipart.Com
Image from Steemit.Com
Image from Tropicalrainforests3.Weebly.Com
Image from TheConversation.Com
Image from Google.Com
Image from Khanacademy.Org

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Name: __________________________________________________ Date: _____________

Grade/Section: ____________________________________________ Score: ____________

Title of the Activity: Analyzing the Concept of an Ecosystem

Most Essential Learning Competency:
a. Describe the different ecological relationships found in an ecosystem.
K to 12 BEC CG: S7LT-IIh
b. Predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors on the ecosystem.
K to 12 BEC CG:: S7LT-IIj-12
Part I

Directions: Put an X on the human activities that disrupt our ecosystem and put
check on those that do not.

_______1. Conserving water 6. Segregating solid waste

2. Cigarette smoking 7. Recycling plastic bottles
3. Burning plastics 8. Using unleaded gas for cars
4. Using pesticides 9. Burning plastics
5. Dynamite fishing 10. Mining

Part II
Directions: Identify the type of ecological relationship showed in the pictures. Write your answer in
the space provided below each pictures.

Part III
Directions: Shade the box to determine which organism is harmed, benefited or not
affected and name the symbiotic relationship involved between the organisms.

1. Philippine Egret and Carabao. An egret is a type of small bird in the Philippines that land on
carabao and eat ticks and other parasites that lives on the carabao’s skin. The egret gets food and
the carabao get pest control.
Organism 1: benefited harmed not affected
Organism 2: benefited harmed not affected
Symbiotic Relationship:
2. Tapeworm and Pig. Tapeworms are segmented flatworms that attach themselves to the intestine
of pigs. Tapeworms get food by eating the pig’s partly digested food, depriving it of nutrients.
Organism 1: benefited harmed not affected
Organism 2: benefited harmed not affected
Symbiotic Relationship:
3. Spider crab and Algae. Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor, and greenish brown
algae lives in the crab’s back, making the crab blend in their environment and unnoticeable to
predators. The algae got a place to live while the crab is able to hide from enemies.
Organism 1: benefited harmed not affected
Organism 2: benefited harmed not affected
Symbiotic Relationship:
4. Pygmy fish and Shark. Pygmy is the smallest fish in the world found in the Philippines which
make its niche by picking up scraps that sharks leave behind while feeding. The shark makes no
attempt to eat the pygmy because it’s too small.
Organism 1: benefited harmed not affected
Organism 2: benefited harmed not affected
Symbiotic Relationship:

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