Strathprints Institutional Repository: Strathprints - Strath.ac - Uk

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.
uk brought to you by CORE

provided by University of Strathclyde Institutional Repository
Strathprints Institutional Repository
Zhang, Fan and Leithead, William and Anaya-Lara, Olimpo (2010) Dynamic modelling of wind
turbine and power system for fault ride-through analysis. [Proceedings Paper]
Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde.
Copyright c and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors
and/or other copyright owners. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any
profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (http://
strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or study, educational, or
not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.
Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to Strathprints administrator:
mailto:strathprints@strath.ac.uk
http://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/
European Academy of Wind Energy Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Dynamic Modelling of Wind Turbine and Power System for

Fault Ride-through Analysis
Fan Zhang1), W.E. Leithead1), Olimpo Anaya-Lara1, 2)

1)
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
UK
2)
DNV Visiting Professor, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, NTNU, Norway
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a Simulink model of a wind power system for the holistic analysis of
wind turbine and power grid during grid faults, aiming to investigate wind turbine Fault Ride-
Through performance. The model comprises a highly detailed dynamic model of a 2MW wind
turbine and a generic electrical network model. The simulation result shows the behaviour of
both wind turbine and power grid when grid faults occurs. The impact that a grid fault has on
wind turbine components and grid transients is illustrated and discussed.
KEYWORDS
Wind turbine, DFIG, Fault Ride-Through
1 INTRODUCTION
As one of the most promising renewable energy, wind power is growing rapidly around the
world. Grid Codes have been revised to cope with the high penetration level of wind power.
The integration of large-scale wind turbines into power system needs to be investigated to
meet the new requirements raised by power system operators. The challenge for wind power
integration is focused on wind turbine Fault Ride-Through and grid support capability.
The objective of this paper is to present a detailed wind power system that allows analysing
the wind turbine and power network in an integral way. The wind turbine model consists of
the dynamic model and the control system of a 2 MW wind turbine. A doubly-fed induction
generator model is attached to the wind turbine model because of its popularity in the wind
energy industry. A generic power system model including a main system generator and a
conventional power plant equipped with synchronous generator is developed to represent the
electrical network dynamics.
This paper is organised as follows. First, the wind turbine model is briefly described. Then,
the model of the DFIG using decoupled current-mode control is explained, followed by the
fan.zhang@strath.ac.uk 1
description of the power system model. Simulations are carried out with grid faults applied
and results are presented.
2 WIND TURBINE AND ITS CONTROL SYSTEM MODEL
2.1 Dynamic models
The dynamic model of a wind turbine consists of the aerodynamics and drive-train dynamics.
When the wind turbine is running, the wind produces an aerodynamic torque on the rotor.
The torque is
1 ρπC p (λ , β )R v
2 2
⋅F1 =
2 λ
RΩ
where the tip-speed ratio is λ = , R is the rotor radius, Ω is the rotor speed, v is the
v
effective wind speed, ρ is the air density, β is the pitch angle and Cp is the aerodynamic
power coefficient. This implies the wind turbine can be controlled by regulating the rotor
speed or adjusting the pitch angle.
The wind turbine drive-train is composed by rotor hub, low-speed shaft, gearbox, high-
speed shaft and generator rotor. To study the interaction between the wind turbine and the
power grid, the behaviour of the drive-train needs to be investigated as it is connected
directly to the generator and affected by the power fluctuation in the grid. It should be noted
that the drive-train of wind turbine is lightly damped therefore it is very sensitive to torque
variations caused by grid faults. A two-mass drive-train model is used as a simpler model
does not provide clear transients for wind turbine fault ride-through studies.
2.2 Wind turbine control system

The wind turbine is controlled by defining the relationship between the rotor speed of the
wind turbine and the wind speed. The generator reaction torque is adopted to regulate the
rotor speed in below-rated wind speed, while the blade pitch angle is varied to control the
rotor speed in above-rated wind speed. Different controllers are used under different wind
speeds. A controller switching method is implemented to guarantee the smooth switching
between different control modes.
3 DFIG SYSTEM MODEL

A DFIG is basically a wound rotor induction generator coupled with the grid through power
electronics. The DFIG controller developed in [3] is adopted. The generator torque and
reactive power generation are controlled by d and q axis rotor currents respectively.
4 GENERIC NETWORK MODEL

The generic network model presented in [2] is used to represent the dynamics of the power
system. The layout of the system is shown in Figure 1
Figure 1: Generic network

The wind farm is represented by a DFIG wind turbine. The conventional power plant uses
a synchronous generator with PSS and AVR installed. The power grid is modelled by a
synchronous generator and a load. The generator represents the total generation on the grid
and the load represents the aggregated loads in the power system. Grid faults are set at both
the wind farm side and the power network side to test the fault response of the system.
5 SIMULATION RESULTS
A 3-phase symmetrical fault is applied near the wind farm. Figure 2 illustrates the generator
torque during and after the fault. Due to the voltage drop in the grid, the DFIG loses
magnetisation. Thus, the output torque drops significantly during grid fault.
Figure 2: Generator torque

The generator speed keeps increasing during the fault because of the torque imbalance
on the drive-train as shown in Figure 3. From the simulation result we can see the drive-train
is very lightly damped.
Figure 3: Generator speed
The torque drop is transferred through the drive-train and affects the wind turbine hub
torque as shown in Figure 4. The hub torque oscillation increases wind turbine loads and
therefore reduces turbine lifetime.
Figure 4: Hub torque

The grid voltage is illustrated in Figure 5. The DFIG output current rises during the grid
fault trying to maintain the generator torque. The over current causes grid voltage sag.
Figure 5: Grid Voltage
6 CONCLUSIONS
This paper used a detailed model of a wind turbine and power network to study dynamic
interactions in a holistic manner highlighting the need for combined controllers. The model is
developed for further research on improving wind turbine Fault Ride-Through and grid
support ability. The modelling of wind turbine, conventional generator and power grid were
briefly presented. Simulation results show the dynamic response of the system when a grid
fault occurs. The advantage of this model is that the dynamics of both the mechanical system
and the electrical system are modelled in detail, which allows accurate investigation on the
interaction between them. How the electrical system disturbance affects the operation of
wind turbine is clearly shown in the simulation results. In conclusion, both the wind turbine
and power system dynamics are accurately modelled.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] W.E. Leithead and M.C.M. Rogers Drive-train Characteristics of Constant Speed
HAWT’s: Part I, II, Wind Engineering, Volume 20, No. 3, 1996.
[2] Olimpo Anaya-Lara, F. Michael Hughes, Nicholas Jenkins, Goran Strbac, Rotor Flux
Magnitude and Angle Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generators, Wind
energy. 2006; 9:479-495.
[3] L. Holdsworth, X.G. Wu, J.B. Ekanayake and N. Jenkins, Comparison of fixed speed
and doubly-fed induction wind turbines during power system disturbances, IEE Proc-
Generation, Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 150, No.3, May 2003.

Strathprints Institutional Repository: Strathprints - Strath.ac - Uk

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Strathprints Institutional Repository: Strathprints - Strath.ac - Uk

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Strathprints Institutional Repository: Strathprints - Strath.ac - Uk

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.

uk brought to you by CORE

Strathprints Institutional Repository

Dynamic Modelling of Wind Turbine and Power System for

Fan Zhang1), W.E. Leithead1), Olimpo Anaya-Lara1, 2)

2 WIND TURBINE AND ITS CONTROL SYSTEM MODEL

2.1 Dynamic models

2.2 Wind turbine control system

3 DFIG SYSTEM MODEL

4 GENERIC NETWORK MODEL

Figure 1: Generic network

Figure 2: Generator torque

Figure 3: Generator speed

Figure 4: Hub torque

Figure 5: Grid Voltage

You might also like