INDUCTION ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MAGNETIC FLUX: -Magnetic flux through an enclosed area is the number of magnetic field lines cutting through a surface area A, defined by unit area vector. The unit of magnetic flux is weber, where, 1 Wb = 1 T/m2. Magnetic flux (фB) is related to number of field lines passing through a given area.
If magnetic field is changing, the changing.
magnetic flux will be fB= NBA cos θ, where θ is the angle between magnetic field and normal to the plane. . The flux depends on both the strength of the magnetic field (B) and the orientation of the surface with respect to the field. Mathematically, it is expressed as the product of the magnetic field strength, the surface area, and the cosine of the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal to the surface.
MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY
FARADAY'S LAW OF EMI Faraday’s First Law: It states that whenever a conductor is placed in varying magnetic field, an emf is induced which is known as induced emf and if the conductor circuit is closed, current is also induced which is called Alternating current.
Faraday’s Second Law
It states that the induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage where flux linkage is the product of number of turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil.
fB is magnetic flux through the circuit and is represented as
φB = B d A INDUCED CURRENT
Induced current, a fundamental concept in
electromagnetism, refers to the generation of an electric current in a conductor due to a changing magnetic field. This phenomenon is encapsulated by Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, named after the renowned physicist Michael Faraday.
When a magnetic field around a conductor
changes, it induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the conductor, resulting in the flow of an electric current if the circuit is closed. This principle underlies the operation of generators, transformers, and various electrical devices.
Faraday's law mathematically expresses the induced
EMF (�E) as the negative rate of change of magnetic flux (ΦΦ) through a surface bounded by the conductor: The direction of the induced current follows Lenz's law, stating that the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it. This counteraction ensures the conservation of energy.
Applications of induced current are widespread.
Generators utilize rotational motion to produce a changing magnetic field, inducing a current in the wire coils. Transformers use electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between different circuits. Inductive charging systems for devices like electric toothbrushes and smartphones also rely on induced currents.
Understanding induced current is crucial in
designing efficient electrical systems and devices, making it a cornerstone in the realm of electromagnetism and electrical engineering. LENZ LAW Lenz's Law, a key principle in electromagnetism, articulates the direction of induced currents resulting from electromagnetic induction. Formulated by Heinrich Lenz in 1834, it states that the induced electromotive force (EMF) and the induced current in a conductor will always work in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced them. In simpler terms, if there is a magnetic field changing around a conductor, Lenz's Law dictates that the induced current will create its own magnetic field, opposing the original change. This opposition is a manifestation of the law of conservation of energy – the energy required to produce the change in magnetic flux is transformed into electrical energy, impeding the initial chang
This law plays a pivotal role in numerous
applications, from generators and transformers to everyday devices. It ensures that induced currents act in a way to counteract the changing magnetic field, preventing perpetual motion and maintaining the integrity of energy conservation in electromagnetic processes. ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF) Electromotive Force (EMF) is a concept in electromagnetism that refers to the electric potential difference, or voltage, induced in a conductor or a circuit when exposed to a changing magnetic field or any other process that can produce an electric current. Despite its name, EMF doesn't actually force electrons to move; rather, it represents the potential for electron movement within a circuit.
The unit of EMF is the volt (V), and it's denoted by
the symbol E. When there's a change in magnetic flux (Φ) through a conductor, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that an EMF is induced. The negative sign in the equation represents Lenz's Law, stating that the induced EMF and resulting current will oppose the change in magnetic flux that produced them.
EMF is a fundamental concept in the
operation of electrical devices. In a battery, for example, chemical reactions generate an EMF that drives the flow of electrons in a circuit. Similarly, generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by inducing an EMF in coils as they rotate within a magnetic field. Transformers utilize EMF to transfer electrical energy between different circuits. MOTIONAL EMF Motional electromotive force (emf) is a phenomenon in electromagnetism that arises when a conductor moves through a magnetic field, inducing a voltage along the conductor. This concept is a fundamental aspect of electromagnetic induction and plays a crucial role in various technological applications.
When a conductor, such as a wire, cuts through
magnetic field lines or moves perpendicular to the magnetic field, it experiences a change in magnetic flux. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, this change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (emf) in the conductor. The magnitude of this induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux. This formula illustrates that the emf is directly proportional to the magnetic field strength, the velocity of the conductor, and the length of the conductor within the magnetic field.
Motional emf is a key principle behind the operation of
electric generators, where mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. It is also a fundamental concept in understanding the behavior of charged particles in magnetic fields, as seen in devices like particle accelerators. SELF INDUCTION Self-induction is a phenomenon in electromagnetism that occurs when a changing current in a coil of wire induces an electromotive force (emf) in the same coil. This process is a manifestation of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and it has several important implications in the design and functioning of electrical devices.
Basic Principle: When the current flowing through a coil
changes, it produces a changing magnetic field around the coil. According to Faraday's law, this change in magnetic field induces an emf in the coil itself. The induced emf opposes the change in current that produced it, following Lenz's law. This opposition to the change in current is known as self-induction. Self-Inductance: Self-inductance, represented by the symbol L, is a measure of how much a coil opposes the change in current flowing through it. It depends on factors such as the number of turns in the coil, the coil's geometry, and the permeability of the material within the coil.
Applications: 1. Transformers: Self-induction is a crucial aspect of transformers, where two coils (primary and secondary) are magnetically coupled. The changing current in the primary coil induces a varying magnetic field, which, in turn, induces a voltage in the secondary coil. 2. Choke Coils: Choke coils are designed to introduce self-inductance into a circuit to block high-frequency alternating current while allowing direct current or low- frequency signals to pass. CERTIFICATE THÍS PROJECT ON TOPIC "ELECTROMATIC INDUCTION " INVESTIGATORY PR0JECT WORK IN PHYSICS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED BY SHREYA TRIPATHI STUDENT OF 12TH ST PATRICK'S SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL JAUNPUR WITH ASSCE ROLL NO. UNDER THE SUPERVISOR OF 'MR. VATAN SINGH AZAD 'AND ALS0 WOULD LIKE TO THANK OUR PRINCIPAL SR. .GRACY JOSEPH FOR GIVING ME THIS OPPORTUNITY AND THE PARTIAL FULFILL MENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE COMPLETION IN PURSUANCE OF AISSCE 2023-2024.
TEACHER INCHARGE PRINCIPAL. EXTERNAL EXAMINER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SPECIAL THANKS OF GRATITUDE TO MY PHYSICS TEACHER MR. VATAN SINGH AZAD AS WELL AS MY PRINCIPAL SR. GRACY JOSEPH WHO GAVE ME THE GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO DO THIS WONDERFUL PROJECT ON THE TOPIC "ELECTROMATIC INDUCTION " WHICH ALSO HELPED ME IN DOING A LOT OF RESEARCH. I AM REALLY THANKFUL TO THEM. ALSO CAN NOT FORGET TO THANK MY PARENTS & FRIENDS WHO HELPED ME A LOT TO COMPLETE THIS PROJECT IN THE TIME FRAME.I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE INTERNET FOR ALL THE SERVICES IT PROVIDED ME IN THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT. FINALLY, I WOULD WISH TO THANK EVERYONE WHO DISPLAYED APPRECIATION FOR MY WORK AND MOTIVATED ME TO CONTINUE MY WORK.
