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Solutions to Tutorial Questions

Q1.1 a=0.3 m/ s2, u=0, v 22 m/s

The distance s in the acceleration phase is:

v2 u2 2as (22 ) 2 0 2 0.3 s s 806 .67 m=0.807 km

The time in the acceleration phase is:

v u at 22 0 0.3 t t 73.33 s = 1 min 13.33 s

b) t= 1 min, v=0, u 22.347 m/s
The acceleration a is:
v u at 0 22 a 60 a 0.367 m/s2
To calculate the distance s in the deceleration phase:

v2 u2 2as 0 (22)2 2 0.367 s s 660 =0.66 km

c) Distance during the constant velocity=11-0.807-0.66=9.533 km

Time during the constant velocity is:
s 9.533 1000
t 433 .318 s=7 min 13.318 s
v av 22
Total time of the journey: 1 min 13.33 s + 7 min 13.318 s + 1 min = 9 min 27 s

Q1.2.a) u=0, a =4m/s2:

v2 u 2 2as v 2 0 2 4 200 v 40 m/s
b) v u at 40 0 4 t t 10 s

Q1.3. a) For the acceleration phase:

Acceleration phase, u=0, v=v1=80 m/s, a=a1=4 m/s2:

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 v2 u2 2as (60 ) 2 0 2 3 s s s1 600 m
Deceleration phase, with u= v1=60 m/s, a=a2=-6 m/s2, t=t2=5 s:
1 2 1
s ut at s 60 5 ( 6) (5) 2 s s2 225 m
2 2
Total distance= s1+s2=600+225=825 m
b) Acceleration phase u=0, v= v1=60 m/s, a= a1=3 m/s2, thus
v u at 60 0 3 t t t1 20s
Deceleration phase, t2=5 s thus
Total time= t1+t2=20+5=25 s
c) Deceleration phase u= v1=60 m/s, v= v2=?, a= a2=-6 m/s2, t=t2=5 s:
v u at v 60 6 5 v v2 30 m/s

Q1.4. a) u=60 km/hr, a =6000 km/hr2, v=110 km/hr

v u at 110 60 6000 t t 8.33 10 3 hr 30s
b) v 2 u 2 2as 1102 602 2 6000 s s 0.708 km=708 m

Q1.5 a) During period of constant velocity v=40 m/s, t=3 s:

s vt 40 3 120 m
b) Turning point at u=40 m/s , v=0, a=-10 m/s2:
v2 u2 2as 0 (40 ) 2 2 ( 10 ) sm ax s m ax 80 m
Time to turning point C:
v u at 0 40 10 t t 4s
c) The distance from A to C=120+80=200 m
Time to travel back to A, u=0, a=-10m/s2 and s=-200 m,
1 2 1
s ut at 200 0 ( 10) (t ) 2 6.325 s=6.3 s
2 2
Its velocity when it returns point A:
v u at v 0 10 6.325 v 63.25 m/s
d) Total distance s 2 (120 80) 400 m
Total time:
t 3 4 6.3 13.3 s

Q1.6. a) u=20 km/hr, t =12 s, v=100 km/hr

12
v u at 100 20 a a 24000 km/hr2
60 60
b) v 2 u2 2as 1002 202 2 24000 s s 0.2 km=200 m

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 15 2
Q1.7 s t3 t 18t 5
2
ds
v 3t 2 15t 18
dt
dv
And acceleration a 6t 15
dt
a) At v=0, v 3t 2 15t 18 0 t 2 5t 6 0 (t 2)(t 3) 0 , thus t=2 s or 3 s
15 2
b) t 2 s 23 2 18 2 5 19 m
2
15 2
t 3 s 33 3 18 3 5 18.5 m
2
c) t 2 a 6 2 15 3 m/s2
t 3 a 6 3 15 3 m/s2
15 2
At t 4 s 43 4 18 4 5 21 m
2

Q1.8 a 5.8 0.021s

dv
a v (5.8 0.021s) vdv (5.8 0.021s)ds
ds
Integrating: vdv (5.8 0.021s)ds

v2 s2
5.8s 0.021 v2 11 .6s 0.021 s 2
2 2
For s=3000 m
v2 11.6 3000 0.021 30002 v 473.1 m/s

Q1.9 a) v 4s 2 3
dv
a v (4s 2 3)(8s) 32s 3 24s
ds
b) For s=3 m
v 4s 2 3 4 32 3 39 m/s
dv
a v (4s 2 3)(8s) 39 8 3 936 m/s2
ds

Q1.10 a 12t

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 Integrating over time

v 6t 2 20
Integrating again

s 2t 3 20t

at v=0, 0 6t 2 20 t 1.8257 s

s 2 1.82573 20 1.8257 24.35 m

Q1.11 v t2 t
2
Integrating over time
t3 t2
s C
3 4
Initial conditions t=0, so=0:
t3 t2
s
3 4
When t=3s:
33 32
s 11 .25 m
3 4
Acceleration:
dv
a (2t 2 0.5) 2 32 0.5 6.5 m/s2
dt

Q1.12 Acceleration:
dv dv
a 0.5v3 dt
dt 0.5v3
Integrating:
1
t C
v2
Applying initial condition at t=0, vo=100 m/s:
1 4
0 C C 10
1002
At t=3s:
1 4 1 4
t 10 3 10 v 0.577 m/s
v2 v2

Q1.13 x 2t 3 10t 2 2t 2 , y 3t 3 4t 2 5t 3

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 a) Differentiating with respect to time to derive velocity and acceleration:
. .
x 6t 2 20t 2 y 9t 2 8t 5
.. ..
x 12t 20 y 18t 8
When t=4 s
. .
x 6 42 20 4 2 18 m/s y 9 42 8 4 5 117 m/s

.2 . 2
v x y (18)2 (117)2 118.38 m/s
.. ..
b) x 12 4 20 28 m/s2 y 18 4 8 64 m/s2

.. 2 .. 2
a x y (28)2 (64)2 69.86 m/s2

Q1.14 x 8t , y 0.03 x 2 0.03 (8t ) 2 1.92 t 2

a) Differentiate to derive velocity and acceleration:
. .
x 8 y 3.84t
.. ..
x 0 y 3.84
When t=3 s
. .
x 8 m/s y 3.84 3 11.52 m/s

.2 . 2
v x y (8)2 (11.52)2 14.03 m/s
.
1 y 1 11.52
b) tan .
tan .
55.22
x 8
.. ..
c) x 0 m/s2 y 3.84 m/s2

.. 2 .. 2
a x y (0)2 (3.84)2 3.84 m/s2

Q1.15 a) x 3t 2 , y 0.06 t 3
When t=10 s:
x 3t 2 3 102 300 m
y 0.06 t 3 0.06 10 3 60 m

L x2 y2 (300)2 (60)2 305.94 m

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 b) Differentiate to derive velocity and acceleration:
. .
x 6t y 0.18t 2
.. ..
x 6 y 0.36t
When t=10 s
. .
x 6 10 60 m/s y 0.18 102 18 m/s

.2 . 2
v x y (60)2 (18)2 62.64 m/s
.. ..
c) x 6 m/s2 y 0.36 10 3.6 m/s2

.. 2 .. 2
a x y (6)2 (3.6)2 7 m/s2

Q1.16 a) ( y 50 ) 2 169 x ,
When y=100 m:
2
(100 50 )
x 14 .7829 m
169

L x2 y2 (14.7829)2 (100)2 101.088 m

b) Differentiate to derive velocity and acceleration:
. . .
2 y y 100 y 169 x
.. . 2 .. ..
2yy 2y 100 y 169 x

When y=100 m
.
2 200 100 100 200
x 118.343 m/s
169
.2 . 2
v x y (118.343)2 (200)2 232.39 m/s
.. 0 2 200 2 0
c) x 473 .37 m/s2
169
.. 2 .. 2
a x y (0)2 (473.37)2 473.37 m/s2

.
Q1.17 yo vo sin30 9 sin30 4.5 m/s

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 . 1 2 1
a) y yo yot gt 1 0 4.5 t 9.81 t 2 t 1.1023 s
2 2
.
b) x xo xo t L 0 9 cos30 1.1023 8.59 m

.2 .2
c) y y o 2g ( y yo ) 0 (9 sin30) 2 2 9.81 (h 1)

From which h=2.03 m

.
Q1.18 a) x xo xo t x x o vo cos t 9 0 15 cos 20 t
From which t=0.64 s
. . .
b) y yo gt y 15 sin 20 9.81 0.64 1.148 m/s
. .
x xo 15 cos20 14.095 m/s

.2 . 2
v x y (14.095)2 ( 1.148)2 14.14 m/s

1 1.148
tan 4.66
14.095
.
1 2 1
c) y yo yot gt 1 15 sin 20 0.64 9.81 0.642
2 2
From which:
y=2.27 m

.
Q1.19 a) x o vo cos 4 cos 60 2 m/s
.
yo vo sin 4 sin 60 3.4641 m/s
.
x xo xo t x 0 2 t x 2t (1)
.
1 2 1
y yo yot gt 0.012x 2 0 3.4641t 9.81 t 2 (2)
2 2
Substitute Equation (1) into Equation (2) and solve for t:
t=0.6994 s = 0.7 s
b) Substitute by t in (1):
x 2t 2 0.6994 1.398 m
And

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 y 0.012 x 2 0.012 1.398 2 0.02345 m

t t
Q1.20 r 3t 2 3 sin
2 4
Differentiate to derive velocity and acceleration:
. . 1 t t t 1 t t t
r 6t sin cos sin cos
2 4 2 4 4 2 4 8 4
.. .. 2
t t t t t t t
r 6 m/s2 cos cos sin cos sin
8 4 8 4 8 4 4 4 4 32 4
When t=2 s
a) r 15 m
.
. 1 2 2 2
r 12 m/s
2
sin
4 8
cos
4
0.5 rad/s

.. .. 2 2
2 2 2
r 6 cos sin = -0.617 rad/s2
4 4 32 4 16
b) Radial and tangential velocities:
. .
vr r 12 m/s vt r 15 0.5 7.5 m/s
Total magintude of velocity:
2 2

v vr vt (12) 2 (7.5)2 14.15 m/s

c) Radial and tangential velocities and accelerations:
.. . 2
ar r r 6 15 (0.5) 2 2.25 m/s2
.. . . 2
at r 2r 15 2 12 (0.5) 2.747 m/s2
16
Total magintude of acceleration:
2 2
a ar at (2.25) 2 (2.747) 2 3.55 m/s2

. . .
Q1.21 a) vt r 15 50 0.3 rad/s
.. . 2
2
b) ar r r 0 50 0.3 4.5 m/s2

Q1.22 a) x r cos
y r sin

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 .
vr r 1 m/s
. 2
vt r 2 20 0.698 m/s
360
Referring to Figure 1.22 in Chapter 1, the velocity components in the Cartesian co-ordinate system
are:
.
x vr cos - vt sin 1 cos 30 0.698 sin 30 0.517 m/s
.
y vr sin vt cos 1 sin 30 0.698 cos 30 1.105 m/s
2
.. . 2 2
b) ar r r 3 2 20 2.756 m/s2
360
.. . . 2 2 2
at r 2r 2 50 2 1 20 2.44 m/s
360 360
Referring to Figure 1.23 in Chapter 1, the acceleration components in the Cartesian co-ordinate
system are:
..
x ar cos - at sin 2.756 cos 30 2.44 sin 30 1.167 m/s2
.
y vr sin vt cos 2.756 sin 30 2.44 cos 30 3.49 m/s2

.
Q 1.23 a) vt r 180 0.03 5.4 m/s

vr 0 m/s
Total magintude of velocity:
2 2

v vr vt (0)2 (5.4)2 5.4 m/s

c) Radial and tangential velocities and accelerations:

.. . 2
ar r r 0 180 (0.03) 2 0.162 m/s2
.. . .
at r 2r 180 0.001 0 0.18 m/s2
Total magintude of acceleration:
2 2

a ar at ( 0.162) 2 (0.18) 2 0.242 m/s2

Q1.24 a) vr 0 m/s
.
vt r 3 0.2 0.6 m/s

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 .. . 2
b) ar r r 0 3 (0.2) 2 0.12 m/s2
.. . .
at r 2r 3 0 0 0 m/s2

. 866 . . 180 .
Q1.25 vt r 20 cos30 0.0173 rad/s 1 /s
cos30

3/ 2
2
dy
1 3/ 2
dx
1 0.08x 2
Q1.26 a) d2y 0.08

dx 2

3/ 2
1 0.08 15 2
47.64 m
0.08

v2 5.5 2
b) a n 0.635 m/s2
47.64

c) a at2 an2 2.2 2 0.6352 2.29 m/s2

v2 92
Q1.27 a) a n 100
0.81 m/s2

b) v u at 9 0 2t t 4.5 s

3/ 2
1 0.6 6 2
Q1.28 86.93 km
0.6

v2 2202
an 0.5567 m/s2
86.93 103

a at2 an2 0.52 0.55672 0.748 m/s2

Q1.29 a) v u at 30 14 at 4 at 4 m/s2

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 v2 252
b) a n 250
2 .5 m/s2

Q1.30 a) at 15 cos 60 7.5 m/s2

b) an 15 sin60 12.99 m/s2

v2 222
an 12.99 37.26 m

.
Q1.31 a) v 1.1t
Integrating:
v 0.55t 2
When t=3 s, v=4.95 m/s
v2 4.95 2
b) a n 2.2275 m/s2
11
.
at v 1.1 3 3.3 m/s2
. v 0.55t 2
c) 0.05t 2
r 11
.
0.05 32 0.45 rad/s
.
d) Integrating :

0.05t 3
3
0.05 33 180
0.45 rad= 0.45 25.78
3

v2 50002
Q1.32 an 2 h 6143.5 m
(h 12713 ) 103
2

v2 50002 2
Q1.33 an 1.87 m/s
(7000 12713 ) 103
2

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