KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI, GPRA CAMPUS, HYD-32

SAMPLE PAPER TEST 07 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Pentane has the molecular formula C5 H12. It has
(a) 5 covalent bonds (b) 12 covalent bonds
(c) 16 covalent bonds (d) 17 covalent bonds
Ans: (c) 16 covalent bonds

2. A scientist is attempting to represent an ionic bond between calcium and chlorine. The figure
below shows the progress he has made so far.

What should be the next step in his representation of the ionic bond?
(a) Transfer an electron from the calcium atom to the chlorine atom.
(b) Transfer an electron from the chlorine atom to the calcium atom.
(c) Add another chlorine atom to accept an electron from the calcium atom.
(d) Add another calcium atom to donate an electron to the chlorine atom.
Ans: (c) Add another chlorine atom to accept an electron from the calcium atom.

3. The composition of aqua regia is:

(a) Dil. HCl : Conc. HNO3 = 3 : 1 (b) Conc. HCl : Dil. HNO3 = 3 : 1
(c) Conc. HCl : Conc. HNO3 = 3 : 1 (d) Dil. HCl : Dil. HNO3 = 3 : 1
Ans: (c)
Aqua regia or nitro-hydrochloric acid is a highly corrosive mixture of acids, a fuming yellow or
red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and hydrochloric
acid, optimally in a volume ratio of 1 : 3. Aqua regia is highly corrosive that it can dissolve
metals, such as gold and platinum.
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4. Which among the following statement(s) is (are) true?
Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to:
(i) The formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride.
(ii) Sublimation of silver chloride.
(iii) Decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride.
(iv) Oxidation of silver chloride.
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iv) only
Ans: (a) (i) only (b)
In the presence of sunlight, the heavy amount of energy of light decomposes AgCl to silver
(Ag+) and chloride (Cl−) ions. The silver flakes are truly black which when fully spread over
white silver chloride looks grey.

5. A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle. The clear supernatant solution turns
the pH paper yellowish-orange. Which of the following would change the colour of this pH
paper to greenish-blue?
(a) Lemon juice (b) Vinegar (c) Common salt (d) An antacid
Ans: (d) An antacid
Sample solution turn pH paper yellowish-orange which confirms the acidic nature of the
sample. To make the colour to greenish-blue, we have to add an antacid.

6. Which of the following reactions is a neutralisation reaction?

(a) 4Na + Cl2 → 2Na2O (b) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
(c) MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2 (d) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO2 + H2O
Ans: (d) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO2 + H2O

7. Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following

(i) Propane(ii) Propene (iii) Propyne (iv) Chloropropane
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iv) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii)
Ans: (d) (ii) and (iii)
Propene has double bond and Propyne is having a triple bond. Hence they are unsaturated
compounds.

8. The figure given below shows a schematic plan of blood circulation in humans with labels (i) to
(iv). Identify the correct label with its functions?

(a) (i) Pulmonary vein - takes impure blood from body part.
(b) (ii) Pulmonary artery - takes blood from lung to heart.
(c) (iii) Aorta - takes blood from heart to body parts.
(d) (iv) Vena cava - takes deoxygenated blood from body parts to right auricle.
Ans: (d) (iv) Vena cava - takes deoxygenated blood from body parts to right auricle.
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9. Which among the following statements are true for sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
(i) It requires two types of gametes.
(ii) Fertilisation is a compulsory event.
(iii) It always results in formation of zygote.
(iv) Offspring formed are clones.
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
Ans: (c) (i), (ii) and (iii)

10. In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs at/in:

(a) cell body (b) axonal end (c) dendritic end (d) axon
Ans: (b) axonal end

11. Length of pollen tube depends on the distance between:

(a) pollen grain and upper surface of stigma
(b) pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule
(c) pollen grain in anther and upper surface of stigma
(d) upper surface of stigma and lower part of style
Ans: (b) pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule

12. A zygote which has an X-chromosome inherited from the father will develop into a
(a) Boy (b) Girl
(c) X-chromosome does not determine the sex of a child (d) either boy or girl
Ans: (b) Girl

13. In an electrical circuit, three incandescent bulbs A, B, and C of rating 40 W, 100 W, and 60 W,
respectively are connected in parallel to an electric source. Which of the following is likely to
happen regarding their brightness?
(a) Brightness of all the bulbs will be the same.
(b) Brightness of bulb A will be the maximum.
(c) Brightness of bulb B will be more than that of A and C.
(d) Brightness of bulb C will be less than that of B.
Ans: (c) Brightness of bulb B will be more than that of A and C.

14. A student learns that magnetic field strength around a bar magnet is different at every point.
Which diagram shows the correct magnetic field lines around a bar magnet?
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Ans: (c)

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 Two magnetic field lines never interest each other. Outside the magnet, the magnetic field lines
are directed from North pole of the magnet towards the South pole. The magnetic field lines at
any one point give the direction of magnetic field at that point

15. If the field lines in a magnetic field are parallel and equidistant, the magnetic field is
(a) Uniform (b) Non uniform (c) Zero (d) None of these
Ans: (a) Uniform

16. The angle of incidence from air to glass at the point O on the hemispherical glass slab is

(a) 45° (b) 0° (c) 90° (d) 180°

Ans: (b) 0°
As there is no bending of light ray when it goes from air to glass, that means, light ray is falling
normally to the surface, so angle of incidence will be 0°.

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A) : Cyton region of nerve fibre collects information for the brain.
Reason (R) : Nerve fibres can either have or lack myelin sheath.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.
Cyton region of nerve fibre regulates neuron’s metabolism.

18. Assertion (A): The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not heated appreciably.
Reason (R): Resistance of connecting wires is very small and H<< R.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
We know that heat produced, H = I2Rt.
As the resistance of connecting wires is very small, so connecting wires do not get heated up
appreciably.

19. Assertion (A): Electrolysis of concentrated solution of sodium chloride is known as chlor-alkali
solution.
Reason (R): The products formed are hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

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 When electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine), it
decomposes to form sodium hydroxide. The process is called the chlor–alkaline process because
of the products formed–chlor for chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide.

20. Assertion (A): At puberty, in boys, voice begins to crack and thick hair grows on face.
Reason (R): At puberty, there is decreased secretion of testosterone in boys.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Puberty in boys is regulated by male sex hormone called testosterone, which are secreted by
testes. In puberty, secondary sexual characters like growth of hair on face, chest, broadening of
shoulders and deepening of voice occurs.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. The electric power consumed by a device may be calculated by the using either of the two
V2
expressions P = I2R or P  . The first expression indicates that it is directly proportional to
R
R whereas the second expression indicates inverse proportionality. How can the seemingly
different dependence of P on R in these expressions be explained.
Ans: Both the expressions are correct. In the first case where P = I²R current (I) remains
V2
constant. Whereas in the second expression where P  the Voltage (V) remains constant.
R
Therefore P = I²R is used where the resistors are connected in series because in the series
connection the current in each resistance is constant.
V2
P is used where the resistors are connected in parallel because in the parallel connection
R
the voltage in each resistance is constant. So power becomes inversely proportional to
resistance.
OR
Consider the scale of a voltmeter shown in the diagram and answer the following questions:

(i) What is the least count of the voltmeter?

(ii) What is the reading shown by the voltmeter?
(iii) If this voltmeter is connected across a resistor of 20 W, how much current is flowing
through the resistor?
Ans: (i) 0.15 V is the least count
(ii) The reading shown is 1.8 V.
(iii) R= 20 Ω, V= 1.8 V
V 1.8
I   0.09 A
R 20

22. What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrow’s in the given chemical reactions?

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 (a)

(b)
Ans: (a) Ni acts as a catalyst.
(b) Concentrated H2SO4 acts as a catalyst.
OR
The molecular formula of an organic compound X is C2H4O2 which has vinegar - like smell.
(a) Identify the compound.
(b) Write its chemical formula and name.
Ans: (a) The organic compound X is acetic acid.
(b) Chemical formula: CH3COOH
IUPAC name: Ethanoic acid

23. Draw a well labelled diagram of stomata. List two functions of stomata.
Ans:

Functions of stomata are:

(i) Help in the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen from the leaves of the plants.
(ii) Help in the transport of water, minerals and food materials in plants by transpiration.
(iii) Transpiration occurring through stomata on leaves helps in cooling of leaf surface.

24. Why is KOH solution kept in the test-tube inside the airtight conical flask while doing the
experiment of respiration of seeds?
Ans: KOH is a chemical that is used to absorb carbon dioxide.
During respiration, the germinating seeds release Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Germination is a
process where the growth of the seeds begins. The KOH solution kept in the test tube inside the
airtight conical flask absorbs the released Carbon Dioxide by the seeds. This creates space in the
conical flask and an equal volume of the water rises in the tube. Hence this shows seeds are
respiring and CO2 gas is evolved in the process of respiration.

25. While teaching the chapter "Our Environment", the teacher stressed upon the harmful effects of
burning of fossil fuels, plastic paper, etc. The students noticed the extensive use of plastic and
polythene in daily life, which can be avoided and the surroundings can be kept clean. They
decided to make their school "Plastic and Polythene" free and motivated each other for its
minimum use.
(a) Why should the use of polythene and plastic be reduced in daily life?
(b) In what way the students would have avoided the use of plastic and polythene in their
school?
Ans: (a) Because they are non-biodegradable.
(b) (i) Carrying tiffin and water in steel containers.
(ii) Encourage the use of ink pens (ball pens are made up plastic) / or any other.
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26. List two differences in tabular form between dominant trait and recessive trait. What
percentage/proportion of the plants in the F2 generation/progeny were round, in Mendel’s cross
between round and wrinkled pea plants?
Ans:
Dominant trait Recessive trait
1. The trait which appears in the F1 1. The trait which remains hidden or which does not
progeny is dominant. appear in the F1 progeny is the recessive trait.
2. It appears in more numbers. 2. It appears in less number.
75% of the plants were with round seeds.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. What are covalent compounds? How are they different from ionic compounds? List any two
properties of covalent compounds.
Ans: The compounds that are formed due to sharing of electrons between two atoms
/compounds having covalent bonds.
Ionic compounds are formed due to transfer of electrons from one atom to another /compounds
having ionic bonds/compounds having attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Properties of covalent compounds:
(i) They are poor conductors of electricity.
(ii) They have low melting and boiling point.

28. Name the hormone which regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in our body.
Which gland secretes this hormone? Why is it important for us to have iodised salt in our diet?
Ans: (i) The hormone which regulates carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism in our body is
thyroxine.
(ii) Thyroxine hormone is secreted by thyroid gland.
(iii) Iodised salt in diet is important because it contains iodine, which is essential for the
synthesis of thyroxine hormone by the thyroid gland. In case of iodine deficiency in our diet,
there would be less production of thyroxine hormone, which may result into a disease called
goitre.
OR
Reproduction is one of the most important characteristics of living beings. Give three reasons in
support of the statement.
Ans: Reproduction is an important characteristic of living beings because:
(i) It promotes continuity of life.
(ii) It promotes stability of species.
(iii) It includes creation of variations that are the basis of evolution.

29. If the image formed by a lens for all positions of an object placed in front of it is always erect
and diminished, what is the nature of this lens ? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. If
the numerical value of the power of this lens is 10D, what is its focal length in the Cartesian
system?
Ans: If image formed by a lens is always erect and diminished for all values of ‘u’, therefore,
the lens is concave lens (diverging lens).

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 We know that power of a concave lens is negative.
P = –10b
1 1 1
P  f   = –0.1m or –10 cm
f P 10

30. (a) For the preparation of cakes, baking powder is used. If at home, your mother uses baking
soda instead of baking powder, how will it affect the taste of the cake and why?
(b) How is baking soda be converted into baking powder?
(c) What makes the cake soft and spongy?
Ans: (a) The cake will have a bitter taste because of the formation of Na2CO3 / sodium
carbonate while baking / heating.
(b) By adding tartaric acid.
(c) The liberated CO2 gas.
OR
(i) Which of the following reactions is/are an endothermic reaction(s) where decomposition also
happens?
(a) Respiration (b) Heating of lead nitrate
(c) Decomposition of organic matter (d) Electrolysis of acidified water
(ii) Silver chloride when kept in the open turns grey. Illustrate this with a balanced chemical
equation.
Ans: (i) Heating of lead nitrate and electrolysis of acidified water.
(ii) The white silver chloride turns grey in sunlight. This is because silver chloride decomposes
to form silver and chlorine gas.
Sunlight
2 AgCl (s )  2 Ag ( s )  Cl2 ( g )

31. Refractive index of water with respect to air is 1.33 and that of diamond is 2.42.
(a) In which medium does the light move faster, water or diamond?
(b) What is the refractive index of diamond with respect to water?
Ans: (a) Refractive index = speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in medium.
Since the refractive index of diamond is more, hence the speed of light is lesser in diamond.
(b) Let speed of light in water vw and in diamond be vd.
Refractive index of diamond w.r.t. water is say n = Speed of light in water/speed of light in
diamond.
n = vw /vd
v
Dividing both numerator and denominator by speed of light (c) we get n  w/ c
vd / c
∴ n = 2.42/1.33 = 1.82 (approx.)

32. (a) From the following groups of organisms, create a food chain which is the most advantageous
for Human being in terms of energy.

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 (b) State the possible disadvantage if the cereal plant is growing in a soil rich in pesticides.
(c) Construct a food web using the organisms mentioned above.
Ans: (a) Short food chains are more efficient in terms of energy. The shorter the food chain is,
more is the available amount of energy. Hence, the food chain which is the most advantageous
for Human being in terms of energy is:
Cereal Plant → Human being
(b) Harmful for human consumption as the traces of pesticide will be carried by food.
(c)

33. The figure below shows three cylindrical copper conductors along with their face areas and
lengths. Compare the resistance and the resistivity of the three conductors. Justify your answer.

L
Ans: Resistance of a material, R  , where ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the
A
length of the material and A is the area of cross-section of material.
 L L L
Now, Ra : Rb : Rc  a a : b b : c c ; where a, b, c denotes physical quantity for respective
Aa Ab Ac
conductor.
L
( )
 L  (3 L)
 Ra : Rb : Rc  : : 3
A A 3A
( )
3
 L 9 L  L 1
 Ra : Rb : Rc  : :  Ra : Rb : Rc  1: 9 :  Rb  Ra  Rc
A A 9A 9
Resistivity depends only on the material of the conductor.
Here material (Cu) is same for all three conductors, so  a   b   c

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. Explain the process of nutrition in Amoeba.

Ans: Amoeba shows holozoic nutrition which is comprised of Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption,
Assimilation and Egestion.
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 Ingestion:
Ameoba traps food particles through fingerlike projections called pseudopodia. Pseudopodia
present outside its body and helps in taking food along with water
Digestion:
Food vacuoles are made after ingesting the food. Enzymes are released in the food vacuole for
digestion.
Absorption:
After digestion, nutrients enter the cytoplasm through osmosis.
Assimilation:
Nutrients are utilized by the cell for various purposes.
Egestion:
Food vacuole goes near the cell membrane to empty its contents outside the cell. This results in
the expulsion of waste materials from the cell.
OR
Give reasons:
(a) Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria.
(b) Transport system in plants is slow.
(c) Circulation of blood in aquatic vertebrates differs from that in terrestrial vertebrates.
(d) During the daytime, water and minerals travel faster through xylem as compared to the
night.
(e) Veins have valves whereas arteries do not.
Ans. (a) Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria because they have to pump blood into
various organs.
(b) Transport system in plants is slow because:
(i) Plants have low energy needs as
(ii) Plant bodies have a large proportion of dead cells in many tissue.
(iii) Plants do not move
(c) Aquatic vertebrates like fish have a two chambered heart (which consists of one atrium and
one ventricle). The heart pumps deoxygenated to the gills and it gets oxygenated in the gills.
The oxygenated blood from the gills is supplied to the body parts. Thus, blood goes only once
through the heart in the fish during one cycle of passage through the body. But in terrestrial
organisms, heart may be 3 or 4 chambered, blood gets oxygenated in the lungs and most of them
have double circulation.
(d) During the daytime, water and minerals travel faster through xylem as compared to the
night. The water column in the xylem tracheids and vessels moves upwards due to pull
generated by transpiration. (loss of water in the form of vapours from living tissues of aerial
parts of plants.) The water is lost from the tiny pores called stomata present on the surface of
leaves of plant. Stomata are open during day time, so transpiration process is faster and water
along with mineral moves faster through xylem during day time as compared to night time.
(e) Veins have valves that ensure that the blood flows only in one direction. Values allow the
blood to flow only towards the heart and prevent backflow but arteries do not have values.

35. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object, using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm.
(i) What should be the range of distance of an object placed in front of the mirror?
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than the object. Draw ray diagram to show the formation
of image in this case.
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is placed 24 cm in front of the mirror?
Draw ray diagram for this situation also to justify your answer.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the centre of curvature in the above ray
diagrams.
Ans: (i) The object has to be placed between 0 to –12 cm in front of the concave mirror between
F and P.
(ii) The image will be larger than the object.

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 (iii) The image will be behind the mirror

If the object is placed at C the image is also obtained at C of the same size.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2  1 1
          v  24cm, u  24cm
v u f v f u 12 24 24 24
OR
(i) Amit claims to have obtained an image twice the size of object with a concave lens. Is he
correct? Give reason for your answer.
(ii) Where should an object be placed in case of a convex lens to form an image of same size as
of the object? Show with the help of ray diagram the position and the nature of the image
formed.
(iii) With the help of ray diagram, illustrate the change in position, nature and size of the image
formed if the convex lens in case of (ii) is replaced by concave lens of same focal length.
Ans: (i) No, Amit is incorrect because magnified image of an object cannot be formed by a
concave lens ever.
(ii) The object should be placed at 2F1.
Image obtained is real, inverted and of same size as that of object.

(iii) Image obtained is virtual, erect and diminished in case of concave lens.

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36. (a) Define corrosion.
(b) What is corrosion of iron called?
(c) How will you recognise the corrosion of silver?
(d) Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem?
(e) How can we prevent corrosion of iron?
Ans: (a) Corrosion is a process in which metals are deteriorated by action of air, moisture,
chemicals, etc.
(b) Corrosion of iron is called rusting.
(c) Silver turns black as it reacts with H2S present in air and form a layer of Ag2S.
(d) Corrosion of iron is a serious problem because it leads to wastage of tonnes of iron every
year and lot of money is spent to repair or replace it.
(e) The iron articles should be painted to prevent it from corrosion.

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study - 1
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying
conductor in a magnetic field. He took a small aluminium rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet,
some connecting wires, a battery and a switch and connected them as shown. He observed that
on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the direction of
displacement also gets reversed.

On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon, answer the following questions:
(i) Why does the rod get displaced on passing current through it?
(ii) State the rule that determines the direction of the force on conductor AB.
(iii) (a) In the above experimented set up, when current is passed through the rod, it gets
displaced towards the left. What will happen to the displacement if the polarity of the magnet
and the direction of current both are reversed?
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 (b) Name any two devices that use current carrying conductors and magnetic field.
OR
(iii) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a current carrying straight
conductor held vertically on a horizontal cardboard. Indicate the direction of the field lines as
well as the direction of current flowing through the conductor.
Ans: i) Rod gets displaced on passing current through it as force is exerted on the current
carrying conductor when it is placed in a magnetic field.
(ii) Fleming’s left-hand rule: Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand
such that they are mutually perpendicular to one another. If the forefinger points in the direction
of magnetic field and the middle finger in the direction of current, then the thumb will point in
the direction of motion or the force acting on the conductor.
(iii) (a) Direction of displacement would remain unchanged if the polarity of the magnet and the
direction of current both are reversed.
(b) Electric motor, loudspeaker, microphone.
(iii)

38. Case Study – 2

The given diagram represents the human endocrine system. Study the diagram and answer any
four questions from Q. 1 to Q. 5.

(a) Identify the endocrine glands A, B, C, D, E and F in the given diagram.

(b) Which gland secretes digestive enzymes as well as hormones?
(c) What is the effect of chemical produced by gland F?
OR
(c) Name the endocrine glands which is unpaired? Explain
Ans: (a) In the given diagram, A — Pituitary B — Thyroid C — Adrenal D — Pancreas E —
Ovary F — Testis
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 (b) Gland D is pancreas. It secretes both digestive enzymes as well as hormones.
(c) Gland F is Testis. It secretes testosterone which controls sperm production/ secondary sexual
character.
OR
(c) There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney that make adrenaline hormone.
Testes are paired glands presents in males, secretes male sex hormone. Pituitary gland is present
just below the brain and is unpaired. It is also called master gland as it secretes a number of
hormones. Ovaries are paired glands present in females that secrete female sex hormones. 2

39. Case Study – 3

The pH of a solution is a measure of its hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. It is measured
generally using pH scale. The values on pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
A pH of 1 is very acidic and corresponds to a high concentration of H+ ions. A pH of 14 is very
basic and corresponds to a low concentration of H+ ions. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. The
table given below shows the pH and H+ ion concentration of some common aqueous solutions.
The leftmost column shows the number of moles of H+ ions in 1 mole of liquid.
The pH and Hydrogen ion (H+) Concentration of Some Solutions
H+ Concentration
pH Solution
(moles)
10–1 1
10–2 2 Gastric (stomach) juice, cola, lemon juice
–3
10 3 Vinegar
–4
10 4 Tomato juice
10–5 5 Black coffee, rain water
–6
10 6 Urine
10–7 7 Pure water
–8
10 8 Sea water
10–9 9 Baking soda
–10
10 10
–11
10 11 Milk of magnesia
10–12 12 Household bleach
–13
10 13 Oven cleaner
10–14 14
(i) How is the hydrogen ion concentration and pH related to each other?
(ii) On the basis of above table, arrange the following in the decreasing order of H+
concentration.
Pure water, tomato juice, milk of magnesia, sea water
(iii) A solution of pH 2 is filled in two separate beakers. A few drops of methyl orange and
phenolphthalein are added into separate solutions. How will the colour of the indicators change?
OR
(iii) Two solutions X and Y have pH values of 3.0 and 9.5 respectively. Which of these will turn
litmus solution from blue to red and which will turn phenolphthalein from colourless to pink?
Ans: (i) pH is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration.
(ii) The decreasing order of H+ concentration is Tomato juice > Pure water > Sea water > Milk
of magnesia
(iii) The solution of pH 2 is acidic in nature. So, the colour change is Methyl orange: red;
phenolphthalein: colourless
OR
(iii) X will turn blue litmus to red because it is acidic in nature having pH value less than 7. Y
will turn phenolphthalein from colourless to pink because it is basic in nature having pH value
greater than 7

Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 14 -