Wave Motion

WAVE
MOTION
BY: EARL JOHN A. DE EYOY
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
a. Define wave
b. Distinguish the types of waves such as longitudinal or transverse
wave
c. Identify the parts of the wave
d. Identify the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum
e. Compare relative wavelength, frequency, and energy of these
various wave types
f. Describe each wave interactions
a. Reflection c. Diffraction
b. Refraction d. Interference
AYUSIN MO AKO
• VAEW TNOOIM
• DNTGOIUIALLN VEAW
• RNSVEEATRS AEVW
• LNSSAOIPREOCM EAWV
• NTCIOAFAERR
• SSNOIECROMP
• DTUEILAMP
• NTHGEELAVW
• YNCUEEQFR
• DRIOEP
AYUSIN MO AKO
WAVE MOTION
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
TRANSVERSE WAVE
COMPRESSIONAL WAVE
RAREFRACTION
COMPRESSION
AMPLITUDE
WAVELENGHT
FREQUENCY
WAVE MOTION
Imagine yourself in
the beach right now,
what are the things
that you may
observe?
I. Nature of Waves
Waves is a disturbance or
oscillation that travels
through a space-time,
accompanied by a
transfer of energy.
Waves transfer energy not mass.

II. TYPES OF WAVES
A medium is a substance
or material that carries
the wave.
SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, VACUUM

TYPES OF WAVES
Transverse waves occur
when a disturbance causes
oscillations perpendicular (at
right angles) to the
propagation (the direction of
energy transfer).
For transverse waves in matter, the displacement of the medium is
perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.
TYPES OF WAVES
TYPES OF WAVES
Longitudinal waves occur
when the oscillations are
parallel to the direction of
propagation.
Longitudinal waves have the same direction
of vibration as their direction of travel. This Some longitudinal waves
are also called
means that the movement of the medium compressional waves or
is in the same direction as the motion of compression waves.
the wave.
TYPES OF WAVES
Rarefaction: a reduction in the density of a
material, especially that of fluid
Compression: to increase in density; the act of
compressing, or the state of being compressed;
compaction
III. PROPERTIES OF WAVES
Wave motion arises when a periodic
disturbance of some kind is propagated
through a medium. Pressure variations
through air transverse motions along a
guitar string, or variations in the
intensities of the local electric and
magnetic fields in space, which
constitute electromagnetic radiation, are
all typical examples of wave motion. For
each medium, there is a characteristic
velocity at which the disturbance travels.
A sine curve is a pictorial representation of a
wave. The following image shows the
anatomy of a sine curve: the crest is the peak
of each wave, and the trough is the valley;
the straight line represents the "home"
position (x-axis), or the midpoint of the
vibration; the amplitude is the distance
between the crest (or trough) and the x-axis;
and the wavelength is the distance between
two crests (or two troughs).
• Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the rest position. It is the
height of the crest or depth of a trough measured from the normal
undisturbed position.
• Wavelength, λ (Greek lambda), is the distance between two successive crests
or two successive troughs. It is also equal to the distance between any two
identical points on successive waves
• Frequency, f, is the number of crests or troughs that pass a point per second
(or the number of vibrations per second). This is equivalent to the number of
complete waves generated per second. Frequency is measured in terms of
hertz (Hz). One vibration per second is 1 hertz.
The relation between the wavelength λ and
frequency of a wave f is determined by the
propagation velocity v, such that v = f λ. For
light, this equation becomes f = c/ λ where c is
the speed of light, 2.998 x 108 m/s.
When utilizing these equations to determine
wavelength, frequency, or velocity by
manipulation of the equation, it is important to
note that wavelengths are expressed in units of
length, such as meters, centimeters,
nanometers, etc.; and frequency is typically
expressed as megahertz or hertz (s-¹).
If an objects frequency is known, its
period can be calculated, and vice
versa. The period, T, is the time taken
to generate one complete wave. It is
also the time taken for the crests, or
any given point on the wave, to move
one wavelength. The frequency and
period are inverse of each other:
III. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
In vacuum, all electromagnetic
waves move at the same speed
and differ from one another in
their frequency.
for all electromagnetic waves, the greater the frequency,
the smaller the wavelength.
III. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM WITH
EXAMPLES
III. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: RULES OF THUMB
• High-frequency electromagnetic waves are more energetic

and are more able to penetrate than low-frequency waves.
• High-frequency electromagnetic waves can carry more
information per unit time than low-frequency waves.
• The shorter the wavelength of any electromagnetic wave
probing a material, the smaller the detail it is possible to
resolve.
III. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: RULES OF THUMB
• High-frequency electromagnetic waves are more energetic

and are more able to penetrate than low-frequency waves.
• High-frequency electromagnetic waves can carry more
information per unit time than low-frequency waves.
• The shorter the wavelength of any electromagnetic wave
probing a material, the smaller the detail it is possible to
resolve.
IV. BEHAVIOR OF WAVES
• REFLECTION
the change of direction of propagation of wave
when it meets a boundary
• REFLECTION
Waves will always reflect in such a way that the angle at
which they approach the barrier equals the angle at which
they reflect.
• REFRACTION
the bending of waves as it passes form one
medium to another.
• REFRACTION
accompanied by a change in speed and
wavelength of the waves.
• REFRACTION
the angle is proportional to the speed
• DIFFRACTION
change in direction of waves as they pass
through an opening or around a barrier in their path
• INTERFERENCE
the phenomenon that occurs when two waves
meet while traveling along the same direction.
• INTERFERENCE
Superposition Principle- when more than one
wave occupies the same space at the same time.
• INTERFERENCE
Constructive Interface- the crest of one wave
overlaps the crest of another.
• INTERFERENCE
Destructive Interface- the crest of one wave
overlaps the trough of one another
V. STANDING WAVE
• Stationary Wave
a stationary wave pattern formed in a
medium when two sets of identical waves pass
through the medium in opposite direction.
V. STANDING WAVE
• Stationary Wave
Nodes- are the region of minimal or zero
energy
Antinodes- are the region of maximum
energy
Quiz
The figure below represents a sea-wave that causes a small
cork (Z) to rise up and down through one complete oscillation
every 4 seconds.
P Q R S T
1 meter z
3 meters
1. What is the amplitude of the wave?

2. What is the wavelength of the wave?
QUIZ
3. Which of the following can be a medium for a wave?
a. air b. water C. space d. all of the above
4. A medium transfers______
a. air b. matter c. energy d. molecules
QUIZ
5. The maximum distance the molecules of a medium are
displaced from their rest position is the______
a. speed b. frequency c. amplitude d. wavelength
6. Which of the following is an example of longitudinal wave?

a. blue light b. radio waves
c. water ripples d. sound waves
QUIZ
Determine the following sentences if
Transverse Wave or Longitudinal Wave
7. I am a wave that causes the particles of the medium to

vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave.
8. I am a wave that causes the particles of the medium to

vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
QUIZ
9-10
What is the wavelength of a wave if its
frequency is 5Hz and the speed is 20m/s?

Wave Motion

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WAVE

Waves transfer energy not mass.

SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, VACUUM

• High-frequency electromagnetic waves are more energetic

• High-frequency electromagnetic waves are more energetic

1. What is the amplitude of the wave?

6. Which of the following is an example of longitudinal wave?

7. I am a wave that causes the particles of the medium to

8. I am a wave that causes the particles of the medium to

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