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Module 5-Lectures 4

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Module 5-Lectures 4

Uploaded by

banothrohithrathod
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Biology

23/05/2024
Major Data Components of Systems Biology
Proteomics

• Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteomes.

• A proteome is a set of proteins produced in an organism,


system, or biological context. We may refer to, for instance,
the proteome of a species (for example, Homo sapiens) or an
organ (for example, the liver).

• The proteome is not constant; it differs from cell to cell and


changes over time. To some extent, the proteome reflects the
underlying transcriptome.
How is the Proteome measured?

• Several high-throughput technologies have been developed to


investigate proteomes in depth.
• The most commonly applied technologies are mass spectrometry (MS)-
based techniques.

Principles
• Based on the fact that ions of differing charge and mass will move
differently in a magnetic field.
• Proteins are first separated and then analyzed with a mass
spectrometer.
Mass Spectrometry based proteomics
Applications of Proteomics

Biomarker discovery:
Biomarkers are biological molecules that can be used to distinguish two groups of
samples.
Proteomics can be used for identification of disease specific protein biomarkers. e.g.,
the diagnosis of glioblastoma (a type of cancer).

Drug discovery and development:


Identifying potential drug targets, examining the draggability of selected protein
targets.

Personalized medicine:
Tailoring disease treatment to each patient based on proteomic (together with their
genetic and epigenetic) makeup.
Metabolomics
Metabolomics is the large-scale study of small molecules, commonly known as metabolites,
within cells, biofluids, tissues or organisms

Collectively, these small molecules and their interactions within a biological system are
known as the ‘metabolome’

What are Metabolites?


• “Small molecules”
• Primary and secondary metabolites have molecular weight < 1000 Da

Example small molecules


• Lipids, give cells shape, form, structure
• Amino acids
• Sugars, source of cellular energy
• Cofactors and signaling molecules
How is the Metabolome measured?
Applications of Metabolomics

Biomarker discovery:
In metabolomics, biomarkers are small molecules (metabolites) that can
be used to distinguish two groups of samples. For example, a metabolite
reliably present in disease samples (blood, urine etc.), but not in healthy
individuals would be classed as a metabolic biomarker.

Personalized medicine:
Metabolomics offers the potential for the rapid identification of
hundreds of metabolites, enabling us to identify disease states much
earlier.

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