Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 85

TARGET PAPER
PHYSICS XII
Section A “MCQs” (17 Marks)
This section comprises of 17 Multiple Choices (MCQs) based question and all are to be answered

1) The ratio of molar specific heat of a gas at constant pressure and molar specific heat at constant volume
is:
a) equal to one b) less than one c) greater than one d) equal to zero

2) The maximum work done is possible in this process ___.

a) Isobaric b) Isochoric c)Isothermal d) Adiabatic

3) The change in internal energy in a cyclic process is____________

a) Constant b) Zero c) Unity d) Infinity

4) If the pressure of the gas is doubled, keeping the temperature constant, the volume of the gas is
________.
a) halved b) doubled c) four times d) unchanged

5) Force between two similar point charges separated by a distance “r” is FN, if the distance is doubled, force
becomes ___.
a) FN b) 2 FN c) 4 FN d) FN/4

6) The electromotive force of a battery is the voltage between its terminal when
a) The circuit is open b) The circuit is closed
c) Its internal resistance is minimum d) Its internal resistance is maximum

7) With the introduction of a di-electric between the plates of a capacitor, its capacitance ___
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Remains the same d) Becomes zero

8) Electron-volt is a unit of ___

a)Energy b) Force c) Potential difference d) Current

9) The change in potential energy of a unit charge between two points in an electrical field is called ___
a) Intensity b) Permittivity c) Potential difference d) Flux

10) The photoelectric effect is the ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal when
a)It is heated to a high temperature b) electrons of suitable velocity strike it
c) radiation of suitable wavelength falls on it d) It is placed in a strong electric field

11) Number of photoelectrons emitted from a metal depends upon ___.

a) Frequency of incident light b) Wavelength of incident light
c) Intensity of incident light d) None of these

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

12) The experimental evidence of Einstein’s mass-energy equation is ___.

a) Photoelectric effect and Compton effect b) Elastic collision
c) Pair production and annihilation of matter d) Radioactive emission

13) The SI unit of Planck’s constant is

a) J.s –1 b) J.s 2 c) J.s d) J.s –2

14) Compton shift in wavelength is maximum when

a) Scattering angle is 0° b) Scattering angle is 90°
c) Scattering angle is 180° d) None of them

15) Special series obtained due to transition of electron from higher to 3rd orbit is called ___.
a)Lyman series b) Balmer series c) Bracket series d) Paschen series

16) The wavelength of X-rays is in the range ___

a) 0.01 nm to 0.1 nm b) 1 Å to 100 Å c) 0.1 Å to 10 Å d) 0.1 nm to 1 nm

17) Energy required by an atom to move from ground state to higher energy state is called
a) Ionization energy b) Excitation energy c) Excitation potential d) Ionization potential

18) After alpha decay, the nucleus has its ___.

a) Charge number decreased by four b) Charge number increased by four
c) Mass number increased by four d) Mass number decreased by four

19) Brackett series of hydrogen atom lies in the ___ region.

a) Visible b) Infrared c) X-rays d) Ultraviolet

20) Two free parallel wires carrying current in the opposite directions ___
a) Do not affect each other b) Attract each other c) Repel each other d) None of these

21) Which is not a magnetic material?

a) Iron b) Nickel c) Cobalt d) Silver

22) If an electron and a proton enter in to a magnetic field perpendicularly with the same momentum ___
a) The electron will be deflected more b) The proton will be deflected more
c) Both particles will be deflected equally d) They will not be deflected at all

23) A flat coil of wire, having 5 turns, has an inductance L. The inductance of a similar coil having
20 turns is:
a) L/4 b) 16L c) L/16 d) L
24) The core of a transformer is made in a laminated form to:
a) reduce i2R losses in the coil b) increase the magnetic flux
c) save weight d) prevent eddy currents

25) Which of the following electromagnetic radiations has photons with the greatest momentum?
a) Blue light b) yellow light c) X-rays d) radio waves

26) In Compton scattering from stationary electrons the largest change in wavelength occurs when
the photon is scattered through:
a) 0◦ b) 22.5◦ c) 90◦ d) 180◦

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

27) The series limit for the Balmer series represents a transition m → n, where (m, n) is
a) (2, 1) b) (∞, 0) c) (∞, 1) d) (∞, 2)

28) Which of the following is essential for laser action to occur between two energy levels of an
atom?
a) the lower level is metastable
b) there are more atoms in the upper level than in the lower level
c) there are more atoms in the lower level than in the upper level
d) the lower level is the ground state

29) The mass of an electron:

a) is almost the same as that of a neutron b) equals that of a proton
c) is zero if the electron is at rest d) is much less than that of a proton

30) The half-life of a radioactive substance is:

a) half the time it takes for the entire substance to decay
b) the time for radium to change into lead
c) calculated from E = mc2 d) the time for half the substance to decay

31) A kiloampere·hour is a unit of

a) current b) energy c) power d) charge

32) In C.G.S. system one calorie of heat is equal to ___.

a) 11.184 J b) 2.184 J c) 3.184 J d) 4.184 J

33) The area of a Carnot cycle represents ___.

a) Energy loss due to leakage b) Heat rejected c) Heat absorbed d) Useful work

34) The maximum work done is possible in this process ___.

a) Isobaric b) Isochoric c) Isothermal d) Adiabatic

35) According to kinetic theory of gases, the root mean square speed of gas molecules is directly proportional
to
a) √𝑇 b) T c) T2 d) T4

36) The concept of the electric lines of forces was introduced by a famous scientist called ___.
a) Newton b) Einstein c) Coulomb d) Faraday

37) The electromotive force of a battery is the voltage between its terminal when
a) The circuit is open b) The circuit is closed
c) Its internal resistance is minimum d) Its internal resistance is maximum

38) A di-electric k = 2 is inserted between the plates of a 20 µF capacitor. Its capacitance will become ___.
a) 10 µF b) 18 µF c) 22 µF d) 40 µF

∆𝑽
39) The quantity is called ___.
∆𝒔
a) Electric potential b) Electric field intensity c) Potential gradient d) Electric induction

40) Which of the following is not a scalar quantity?

a) Potential b) Electromotive force c) Electric flux d) Electric intensity

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

41) A particle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ is to held motionless between two parallel and horizontal charge
plates. The electric field intensity between the plates will be
𝑚𝑔 𝑞 𝑚𝑔 𝑞𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
a) b) c) d)
𝑞𝑉 𝑚𝑔 𝑞 𝑚

42) A resistor caries a current “I”. The power dissipated is “P”. The power dissipated if the same resistor
carries the current of “3I” is ___.
a) P b) 3P c) P/3 d) 9P
43) A piece of wire of length “L” and an area of cross-section “A” has a resistance “R”. Another piece of wire
of the same material and the same length but twice the area of cross-section is connected end-to-end
with the previous wire. The effective resistance is ___.
1 1
a)R b) 2R c) 𝑅 d) 𝑅
2 3

44) In a house circuit all the electrical appliances are connected in parallel with the phase and the neutral to
get ___.
a) The same current and different potential difference
b) The different currents and different potential differences
c) The different currents but the same potential difference
d) The same current and same potential difference

45) Which of the charged particles of the same mass will be deflected most in a magnetic field?
a) Fast moving b) Slow moving c) which are in rest d) those moving parallel to field

46) This device converts electrical energy into mechanical energy:

a) Generator b) transformer c) electric motor d) transistor

47) In a moving coil galvanometer, pole pieces of U-shaped magnet are made concave:
a) to make the field radial b) to weaken the field
c) to increase the sensitivity of galvanometer d) to decrease the sensitivity of galvanometer

48) The sensitivity of a galvanometer can be increased by increasing ___.

a Magnetic field b) Area of coil c) Number of turns d) All of them

49) The speed of electromagnetic waves depends on ___.

a) Permeability only b) Permittivity only c) Both permeability and permeability d)None of them

50) pn junction Diode works as an insulator if connected ___.

a) To a.c. source b) In forward bias c) In reverse bias d) All of these
51) In a semiconductor, the energy gap between the valance band and the conduction band is:
a) narrow b) wide c) not present d) infinity
52) Emitter base junction is forward biased in
a) PNP transistor b) NPN transistor
c) Both PNP and NPN transistor d) Neither PNP nor NPN transistor

53) As the temperature of a black body is raised, the wave length corresponding to the maximum intensity
___.
a) shifts toward longer wavelength b) shifts toward shorter wavelength
c) greater frequency and greater wavelength d) shifts to infinity

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

54) As a result of elastic collision between a photon and an electron the ___.
a) Frequency of the photon is increased b) Wavelength of the photon is increased
c) Energy of the photon is increased c) X-rays are produced

55) De Broglie’s wavelength is given as

𝑚𝑣 ℎ 𝑚𝑣 2 ℎ
a) 𝜆 = b) 𝜆 = b) 𝜆 = c) 𝜆 = 2
ℎ 𝑚𝑣 ℎ 𝑚𝑣
56) The fast moving electrons stopped by a heavy metallic target in an evacuated glass tube, give
rise to the production of ___.?
a) α - Rays b) ϐ - Rays c) X - Rays d) Protons

57) A current of 2.0 A passes through a cell of emf 1.5 V, having internal resistance 0.15. The
potential difference, in volts, across the ends of the cell will be
a) 1.35 b) 1.50 c) 1.00 d) 1.20

58) The principle of laser production is

a) induced emission b) stimulated emission c) spontaneous emission d) population inversion

59) The ratio of the radius of 3rd Bohr orbit in hydrogen atom to the radius of 1st Bohr orbit is
a) 12:1 b) 3:1 c) 6:1 d) 9:1

60) If the frequency of light causing photoelectric emission is doubled, the kinetic energy of photoelectron
will be ___.
1
a) Increased by a factor b) Doubled
√2
c) Increased by a factor less than 2 d) Increased by a factor greater than 2

61) If the conventional electric current is flowing from top to bottom in a wire then the direction of magnetic
lines of induction will be
a) anticlockwise b) clockwise c) parallel to the wire d) anti-parallel to the wire

62) The rate of flow of blood in the body can be traced by using this radio isotope ___
a) 𝐶𝑎 45
20
24
b) 𝑁𝑎 11 c) 𝐻13 d) 𝐶612

63) In treating localized cancerous tumor, we use a narrow beam of ___.

a) α-rays from cobalt 60 is used b) ϐ-rays from cobalt 60 is used
c) γ-rays from cobalt 60 is used d) Laser from cobalt 60 is used

64) 1 atomic mass unit is about:

a) 1.66 × 10-31 kg b) 9.11 × 10-31 kg c) 1.66 × 10-27 kg d) 9.11 × 10-27 kg

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

Section B “Short-Answer Question” (36 Marks)

Attempt any NINE questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks. The use of
scientific calculator is allowed. All notations are used in their usual meanings. Draw diagram
where necessary

1. Write down the two statements of second law of thermodynamics and prove their
equivalence.
2. The high temperature reservoir of a Carnot engine is at 200°C and has an efficiency of 35%.
To increase the efficiency to 45 %. By how many degrees should the temperature of cold
reservoir be decreased if the temperature of the high temperature reservoir remains
constant?
𝑃 𝑅
3. What is wheat stone bridge? Show that for a balanced Wheatstone bridge 𝑄 = 𝑋
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛
4. Prove that1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏. Name the physical quantity which has these units.
5. The resistance of a platinum thermometer is 200 ohms at 0°C and 257.6 ohms when
immersed in hot bath. What is the temperature of the bath? (α = 0.00392 ℃ −1)
6. Derive an expression for the force experienced by a current carrying conductor in a uniform
magnetic field.
7. An e.m.f of 45 millivolts is induced in a coil of 500 turns, when the current in the neighboring
coil changes from 15 ampere to 4 ampere in 0.2 seconds.
(i) What is the Mutual Inductance of the coils?
(ii) What is the rate of change of flux in the second coil?
8. What are the different types of transistor? Explain working of transistor as an amplifier
with the help of diagram.
9. A sodium surface is shined with the light of wavelength 3 × 10−7 m. If the work function of
the sodium metal is 2.46 eV, find the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons and also cut off
wavelength.
10. The half-period of 𝑇𝑒 210
84
is 140 days. By what percent does its activity decrease per hour?
11. A 300 Volts voltmeter has a total resistance of 20 kilo Ohms. What additional series
resistance is required to convert it into a voltmeter ranging up to a maximum of 600 V?
12. An A.C generator has a coil of 80 turns with an area of 0.09 m2. If the frequency of the coil
is 50Hz when it rotates in a magnetic field of 0.05T, calculate the maximum e.m.f.
13. Calculate the root mean square velocity of Oxygen molecule at 800k. Its molar mass is 32
gm and universal gas constant R =8.314 J. mole – 1 .k – 1
14. On the basis of KMT of gases show that average translational kinetic energy of gas
molecules is directly proportional to absolute temperature of gas.
15. What is motional emf? In what ways is the motional emf produced in a conductor placed in
magnetic field?
16. An α −particle of charge 3.2 × 10−19 C and mass 6.68 × 10−27 kg is held motionless between
two horizontal parallel plates separated by 10 cm. Find the potential difference between
the plates.

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

17. A 50 Ω resistor is to be made from a platinum wire, 0.1 mm in diameter. How much wire is
needed? (αplatinum = 11 × 10−8 Ω. m)

18. What is LASER? Discuss the meta-stable state & population inversion in a LASing material.

19. Prove mathematically that the radius of circular path for a charge moving in a magnetic
𝒎 𝒗 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
field is given by 𝒓 = 𝒒𝑩
20. How can a galvanometer be converted into voltmeter? Derive the relevant mathematical
expression.

21. What is meant by rectification? How does a semiconductor diode work as half-wave
rectifier?

22. In a TV picture tube an electron beam is accelerated by a potential difference of 12000 V.

Determine the de Broglie’s wavelength.

23. Determine the longest and the shortest wavelength of photons emitted in Layman series.
RH = 1.097 × 107/m

24. Find the binding energy and Packing Fraction in MeV of 𝑇𝑒 126
52
, given that
𝑚𝑝 = 1.0078𝑢, 𝑚𝑛 = 1.0086𝑢, 𝑚 𝑇𝑒 = 125.9033𝑢

25. A step down transformer is reduces 1100V to 2200V, the power output is 12.5 KW and the
overall efficiency of the transformer is 90%. The primary winding has 1000 turns. How many
turns do the secondary have? What is the power input? What is the current in each coil?

26. What are the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends? Define resistivity and
temperature co-efficient of resistance.

27. Define Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion reactions. How can the fission chain reaction be
controlled? Name the process which produces in the sun and the nuclear reactor.

28. In how many ways can  - rays produce ionization of Atoms? Explain.

29. What are the postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity? Explain the important results
arrived at by Einstein on the basis of this theory.

30. What are Black Body and Black Body radiation? State the laws governing the Black Body
Radiation. Give their mathematical expression.

1.
2.

From the desk of:

Farhan Aziz Abbasi
MnM Omama Campus
 Omama Campus: A-102, Sector Z-2, Gulshan e Maymar, Karachi – (021) 36350014

3. Section C “Detailed-Answer Question” (32 Marks)

4.
Attempt any TWO questions from this section. The use of scientific calculator is allowed. All
notations are used in their usual meanings. Draw diagram where necessary

Q.1
a) State the basic postulate of Bohr’s theory of atom. Derive an expression for the radius
of nth orbit of Hydrogen atom. (8)
b) What is Photoelectric effect? Explain its important results. Also derive Einstein’s
photoelectric equation. (8)
Q.2
a) Give the construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer. Show that the current
I is directly proportional to the angle of twist. On what factors does the sensitivity of
galvanometer depend? (8)
b) Show that the difference between molar specific heat capacity at constant pressure and
at constant volume for an ideal gas is equal to the universal gas constant. (8)
Q.3
a) State and derive Gauss’s Law and apply it to find electric field intensity at a point near
an infinite sheet of charge. (8)
b) State Ampere’s Law. Using it, derive an expression for the magnetic field of induction
inside a long current-carrying solenoid. (8)
Q.4
a) What is Compton’s effect? Derive an expression for the shift of wavelength in scattered
photon (8)
b) Give the construction and working of Geiger Muller counter OR Wilson Cloud Chamber
(8)
Q.5
a) State the Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction. Explain Mutual Induction and
derive a relation for Mutual Inductance (8)
b) What is a capacitor? Derive the expressions for the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor when: (8)
i. Air exists between the plates
ii. Space between the plates is partially filled by a dielectric medium
Q.6
a) Derive an expression for the pressure of and ideal gas on the basis of kinetic molecular
theory (8)
b) Describe J.J. Thompson’s experiment to determine the charge to mass ratio of an
electron by giving both the methods of velocity determination. (8)

Best of Luck

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Farhan Aziz Abbasi
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