MURANG’A HIGH SCHOOL

FORM 3 CHEMISTRY APRIL HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT 2024

1. a) Study the table below which shows properties of elements across period three and answer
the question that follow.

Element A B C D E F G H
Atomic radius (nm) 0.156 0.136 0.125 0.118 0.110 0.104 0.099 -
Ionic r Radius (nm) 0.095 0.065 0.050 - - 0.184 0.181 -
0
Melting points ( C) 97.8 650 660 1410 44.2 119 -101 -186

i) Explain why the atomic radius of G is smaller than its ionic radius. (1mk)
ii) Explain why the melting point of D is higher than the other elements. (2mks)
iii) Give the formula of the chlorides of element B. (1mk)
b) The ions of V3+ and U2- have identical electronic configuration 2.8. Write down the
electron arrangement of the elements U and V. (2mks)
U ………………………………………………………………………………………
V ………………………………………………………………………………………
c) The diagram below shows how magnesium reacts with steam

i) Gas C would not be produced as is in the set-up but when certain condition is introduced
gas C is produced. Identify the condition which was omitted in the set-up. (1mk)

ii) Describe how gas C is produced after the mistake was corrected in the above set-up.
(2mks)
iii) Why is it not advisable to use potassium in place of magnesium? (1mk)
2. The flow chart below shows the manufacture of sodium carbonate. Study it carefully and
answer the questions that follow.

Ammonic
al brine

CaCl
2

a) i) What is ammonical brine? (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
ii) Ammonical brine reacts with carbon (IV) oxide to form a mixture of two salts which
produce Q. Write an equation to show formation of Q. (1mk)

iii) Name two processes that are used to separate Q into NH4Cl and P. (2mks)
b) Give two uses of sodium carbonate produced in the process. (2mks)
c) i) Name the substance that reacts with water that comes into the slaker. (1mk)
ii) What happens at the kiln? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when P is heated to form solid
Na2 CO3 (1mk)
e) Name two substances that are recycled in the process. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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f) Solvay tower is as shown below. Study the diagram and answer the question below

Give two reasons why the baffles are used in the solvay (2mks)
g) A factory produces 63.6 tonnes of anhydrous Na2CO3 on a certain day by this
process. Calculate the number of tonnes of sodium chloride used upon on this particular
day.
Assume the plant is working at 100% efficiency.
(C = 12, H = 1, Cl = 35.5, Ca = 40, Na = 23) (3mks)

3. A student set-up the arrangement below to prepare and collect dry hydrogen gas

(a) Identify two errors from the section of the arrangement shown above. (2mks)
(b) Complete the diagram to show how dry hydrogen gas can be collected. (2mks)
(c) (i) Explain the effect of hydrogen gas on a wet red litmus paper. (1mk)
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place when hydrogen gas
is burnt in air. (1mk)

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(d) Determine the relative atomic mass of zinc, given that when 6.54g of zinc was used,
2.4litres of hydrogen gas was produced. (molar gas volume = 24 litres) (3mks)

(e) State any two non-industrial uses of hydrogen gas. (1mk)

4. (a) Carbon has two allotropes. What is meant by the term allotropy? (1mk)
(b) The following diagrams show the structures of two allotropes of carbon. Study
them and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the allotrope. (2mks)

D…………………………………………………………………………………………….
E…………………………………………………………………………………..…………
(b) (i) Give one use of D. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Which allotrope does not conduct electricity? Explain. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) State two properties of Carbon (IV) Oxide that make it suitable for use in fire
extinguishers. (2mks)

(d) In an experiment, Carbon (IV) Oxide gas was passed over heated coke and the gas produced
collected as shown in the diagram below.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the combustion tube. (1mk)
(ii) Name another substance that can be used instead of Potassium Hydroxide. (1mk)

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(iii) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to distinguish Carbon (II) oxide. (2mks)
(iv) Give one use of carbon(II) Oxide. (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The set up below was used to obtain dry nitrogen gas from air .study it and answer
the questions that follows.

i) Name the method used above. (1mk)

ii) Identify solution q. (1mk)
iii) State the observation made in the combustion tube. (1mk)
iv) What is the function of concentrated sulphuric acid in the set up above? (1mk)
v) Name 1 impurity in the nitrogen gas collected by this method. (1mk)
b)the set up below was used to prepare Nitric(v)acid in the laboratory using concentrated
sulphuric acid on potassium nitrate crystals. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

i) Explain why sodium nitrate is not appropriate option in place of potassium nitrate. (1mk)
ii) A reddish brown gas was observed in the retort. Explain. (1mk)

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.c) 60-50 % Nitric(V) acid is produced from the absorption chamber in the industrial
manufacture of the nitric acid. Describe how the percentage of the acid can be
increased. (2mks)
6 .The diagram below represents a set up used by a student to investigate the effect of heat
on sodium nitrate. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a) Write the chemical equation of the reaction in the boiling tube. (2mks)
b) State the property of the gas that makes it to be collected by the method shown.
(1mk)
c) Predict the effect of water in the trough on the litmus paper after the experiment.
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Study the set up below and answer the questions that follow.

switch
bulb
A carbon electrodes
B
- - - -- molten lead (ii) bromide
--- - - - - -

heat
i) State and explain the observations that would be made when the circuit is completed.
(3mks)
ii) Name the electrodes A and B. (2mks)
A……………………………………………………………………………………………..……
B…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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8. 8.4g of sodium hydrogen carbonate are completely decomposed by heating. Calculate the
mass of the resulting solid and the volume in litres of the gas produced at s.t.p.(molar
gas volume 22.4litres)

a) (i) Write a balanced chemical equation. (2mks)

ii) Calculate the mass of solid formed. (2mks)

iii) Calculate the volume of the gas produced in litres at s.t.p. (2mks)
b) During an experiment on the reduction of an oxide of copper the following data was
obtained.
Mass of empty boat…………………………………25.0g
Mass of empty boat + oxide of copper………………..29.0g
Mass of boat+copper(after reaction)……………………28.2g
(cu=64.0 0=16)

Find the emphirical formula of copper oxide. (4mks)

(c) A volume of 375cm3 of a gas has a pressure of 20 atmospheres. What will be its volume
if pressure is reduced to 15 atmospheres? (3mks)

7. Elements burn in oxygen to form basic or acidic oxides. Name two elements which form
acidic oxides. (2mks)
8. Element T has atomic number 9 while V has atomic number 11.

(a) Write down the electronic configurations of elements T and V.

T ……………………………………………………………………………………........... (1/2 mk)

V …………………….......................................................................................................... (1/2 mk)

(b) State the type of bond formed when T and V combine. (1mk)

9. P, Q, R and S are metals. P reacts with steam whereas Q is not affected by either cold
water or steam. R reacts violently with cold water while S bursts into flames as soon as it
comes into contact with cold water. Arrange the metals in order of decreasing reactivity.
(2mks)

10. When 27.8g of hydrated aluminium oxide (Al2O3.XH2O) was heated to a constant mass,
20.6g of aluminium oxide was obtained. Determine the value of x (H=1, O=16, Al=27).
(3mks)

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11. The following diagram shows carbon(iv)oxide passed over heated charcoal to produce
gas X.

a) Identify gas X. (1mk)

b) Write an equation for the reaction which produces gas X. (1mk)

c) The above experiment should be carried out in a fume chamber. Why? (1mk)

12. When a piece of sodium metal was put in a beaker of water, it darted on the surface
before dissolving.

a) Write an equation for the reaction between sodium metal and water. (1mk)

b) What is the effect of the solution formed in (a) above on red and blue litmus papers?
Explain. (2mks)
13. 22.2 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution containing 4.0g per litre of sodium hydroxide
were required for complete neutralization of 0.1g of a dibasic acid. Calculate the relative
formula mass of the dibasic acid. (Na=23.0, O=16.0, H=1.0). (3mks)

14. Gas P diffuses through a porous material at a rate of 12cm3 s-1, whereas gas Q diffuses
through the same material at a rate of 7.2cm3s-1. Given that the molar mass of P is 16,
calculate the molar mass of Q. (3mks)

9. Element R has an atomic number of 6 and s has an atomic number of 9. Using dot (.) and
cross(x) diagram show how R and S combine to form a compound. (2mks)

Name the two crystalline forms of sulphur. (Imk)

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