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Chapter 4

ct scan

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vikrant soni
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7 views

Chapter 4

ct scan

Uploaded by

vikrant soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4: How a CT Scan is Performed

A CT scan is a meticulously organized procedure that involves multiple steps to ensure accurate
imaging and patient safety. Understanding how a CT scan is performed helps to appreciate the
precision and care involved in obtaining high-quality diagnostic images.

Patient Preparation

Before the CT scan, proper patient preparation is essential. Depending on the type of scan, the
patient may need to follow specific instructions regarding food, drink, and medication. For example,
if a contrast agent is required, the patient might be asked to fast for several hours beforehand. The
contrast agent, which can be administered orally, intravenously, or rectally, helps to enhance the
visibility of certain structures within the body.

Patients are typically asked to remove any metal objects, such as jewelry, glasses, or dentures, as
these can interfere with the imaging process. They may also be required to change into a hospital
gown to avoid any interference from clothing.

Positioning and Scanning Procedure

Once the patient is prepared, they are positioned on the motorized table, which will move them
through the gantry during the scan. The radiologic technologist ensures that the patient is properly
aligned, as accurate positioning is crucial for obtaining high-quality images. The technologist may use
straps or cushions to help the patient remain still during the scan, as movement can blur the images.

The patient’s position depends on the area of the body being scanned. For example, in a head CT
scan, the patient lies flat on their back with their head secured in a cradle. For abdominal or pelvic
scans, the patient may be positioned with their arms raised above their head to avoid interference
with the imaging.

During the scan, the table moves slowly through the gantry while the X-ray tube and detectors rotate
around the patient. As the gantry rotates, it captures multiple cross-sectional images from various
angles. These images are then processed by the computer to create detailed slices of the body.

The duration of the scan depends on the area being imaged and the type of CT scan. Simple scans
may take only a few minutes, while more complex scans, such as those involving multiple body parts
or contrast agents, may take longer. Throughout the procedure, the patient may hear whirring or
clicking sounds from the gantry, but the process is painless and typically causes minimal discomfort.
Use of Contrast Agents

In some cases, a contrast agent is used to improve the visibility of specific tissues or blood vessels.
Contrast agents work by temporarily changing the way X-rays interact with the body, making certain
structures stand out more clearly in the images.

For instance, intravenous contrast agents are commonly used in CT angiography to highlight blood
vessels, while oral contrast may be used in abdominal scans to outline the intestines. The type and
administration method of the contrast agent depend on the specific imaging needs and the area
being examined.

Before administering a contrast agent, the technologist will check the patient’s medical history to
ensure there are no contraindications, such as allergies or kidney issues. After the contrast agent is
administered, the patient may experience a warm sensation or a metallic taste, which typically
passes quickly.

Post-Scan Processing

After the scan is complete, the data collected by the detectors is sent to the computer for image
reconstruction. This involves complex algorithms that convert the raw data into cross-sectional
images. The images are then reviewed by the radiologic technologist to ensure they are of sufficient
quality.

The patient is usually able to resume normal activities immediately after the scan, although those
who received contrast agents may be advised to drink plenty of fluids to help flush the agent from
their system.

Image Interpretation

The reconstructed images are sent to a radiologist, a doctor specializing in medical imaging, for
interpretation. The radiologist examines the images in detail, looking for any abnormalities or signs
of disease. They may also compare the CT scan with previous imaging studies to assess changes over
time.

The radiologist then prepares a report summarizing the findings and sends it to the referring
physician, who will discuss the results with the patient and determine the next steps in their care.
Specialized Techniques

CT technology offers several specialized techniques that can be used depending on the clinical need.
For instance, CT angiography involves the use of contrast agents to visualize blood vessels, while CT
perfusion imaging assesses blood flow to specific tissues, often used in stroke evaluation. Another
example is 3D reconstruction, where the computer combines multiple slices to create a three-
dimensional model of the scanned area, providing a more comprehensive view.

Safety Considerations

Throughout the CT scan, safety is a top priority. The technologist carefully monitors the patient and
adjusts the scan parameters to minimize radiation exposure. Modern CT scanners are equipped with
advanced features that allow for dose reduction without compromising image quality. Additionally,
clear communication between the technologist and the patient helps ensure that the patient
remains calm and still, further contributing to the success of the procedure.

In summary, performing a CT scan involves careful planning, precise execution, and thorough post-
scan processing. From patient preparation and positioning to the use of contrast agents and image
interpretation, each step is designed to ensure the acquisition of accurate and detailed images that
aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.

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