Units Topics

Physics, technology, and society, S I Units, fundamental and derived units,

Unit 1: Physics and least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in
Measurement measurement, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and
its applications.
The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed
and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and
instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-
Unit 2: Kinematics time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors,
Vector. Addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, Unit
Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile
Motion, Uniform Circular Motion.
Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second
Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation
Unit 3: Laws of Motion of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform
circular motion: centripetal force and its applications.
Work done by a content force and a variable force; kinetic and potential
energies, work-energy theorem, power.
Unit 4: Work, Energy and
The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy,
Power
conservative and neoconservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in
one and two dimensions.
Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid
body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; a moment of a force; torque,
angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications;
Unit 5: Rotational Motion
the moment of inertia, the radius of gyration. Values of moments of inertia for
simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and
their applications. Rigid body rotation equations of rotational motion.
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation
with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational
Unit 6: Gravitation
potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, Orbital velocity of a
satellite. Geo stationary satellites.
Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus,
bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's
law and its applications. Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline,
Unit 7: Properties of and turbulent flow. Reynolds number. Bernoulli's principle and its applications.
Solids and Liquids Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface
tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal
expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat.
Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation. Newton's law of cooling.
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of
temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of
Unit 8: Thermodynamics
thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and
irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
Unit 9: Kinetic Theory of Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic
Gases theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and
temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of
 equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases;
Mean free path. Avogadro's number.
Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time.
Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase:
oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. -
Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for
Unit 10: Oscillation and
its time period: Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance. Wave
Waves
motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement
relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, a
reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental
mode and harmonics. Beats. Doppler Effect in sound
Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb's law forces between two
point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and
continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point
charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole.
Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux: Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely
long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet,
Unit 11: Electrostatics and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its
calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges;
Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point
charges in an electrostatic field.
Conductors and insulators: Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor,
the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel
plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy
stored in a capacitor.
Electric current. Drift velocity. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. Resistances of
different materials. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors.
Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity. Colour code for resistors;
Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of
Unit 12: Current Electricity
resistance. Electric Cell and its Internal resistance, potential difference and
emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and
their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge. Potentiometer - principle
and its applications.
Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's
law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and
solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
Cyclotron.
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force
between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere.
Unit 13: Magnetic Effect of Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil
Current and Magnetism galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and
voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar
magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field
and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances. Magnetic
susceptibility and permeability. Hysteresis. Electromagnets and permanent
magnets.
Unit 14: Electromagnetic Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s
Induction and Alternating Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak
 and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance:
Current LCR series circuit, resonance: Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless
current. AC generator and transformer.
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of
Unit 15: Electromagnetic
electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves,
Waves
infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror
formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Deviation and Dispersion
of light by a; prism; Lens Formula. Magnification. Power of a Lens.
Combination of thin lenses in contact. Microscope and Astronomical
Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics
Unit 16: Optics
wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using
Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and
expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of
light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving
power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarization, plane-
polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's
Unit 17: Dual Nature of observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter
Matter and Radiation waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer
experiment.
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model,
energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic
masses, isotopes, isobars: isotones. Radioactivity- alpha. beta and gamma
Unit 18: Atoms and Nuclei
particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy
relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass
number, nuclear fission, and fusion.
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: 1-V characteristics in forward and
reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. the photodiode,
Unit 19: Electronic solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction
Devices transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor: transistor as an
amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR.
AND. NOT. NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch.
JEE Main 2025 Chapter-wise Weightage of Physics
Candidates can check below the chapters, total questions, and weightage from each chapter of the
Physics paper.

Chapters Total Questions Weightage

Electrostatics 1 3.3%
Capacitors 1 3.3%
Simple Harmonic Motion 1 3.3%
Sound Waves 1 3.3%
Elasticity 1 3.3%
Error in Measurement 1 3.3%
Circular Motion 1 3.3%
Electromagnetic Waves 1 3.3%
Semiconductors 1 3.3%
Magnetic Effect of Current and Magnetism 2 6.6%
Alternating Current 2 6.6%
Kinetic Theory of Gases & Thermodynamics 2 6.6%
Kinematics 2 6.6%
Work, Energy, and Power 2 6.6%
Laws of Motion 2 6.6%
Centre Of Mass 2 6.6%
Rotational Dynamics 2 6.6%
Modern Physics 2 6.6%
Wave Optics 2 6.6%
Current Electricity 3 9.9%