Lab CN

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DR. RAMMANOHAR LOHIYA AVADH UNIVERSITY, AYODHYA
DEPARTMENT OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
PRACTICAL FILE OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
IT 3RD YEAR 6TH SEMESTER

Session 2021-22
SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -

Er. AWADHESH KUMAR MAURYA MANJARI SINGH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IT (19336)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
S.N0 Experiment SIGNATURE
1 Study of Network Devices in Detail.
2 Study of network IP.
3 Connect the computers in Local Area

Network.
4 Study of basic network command and
Network configuration commands.
5 Performing an Initial Switch
Configuration
6 Router Configuration Using Packet
Tracer
7 Configuring Static and Default Routes
8 Configure a Network using Distance

Vector Routing protocol.
9 Configuring WEP on a Wireless Router
EXPERIMENT-1
Aim: Study of following Network Devices in Detail
 Repeater
 Hub
 Switch
 Bridge
 Router
 Gate Way
Apparatus (Software): No software or hardware needed.
Procedure: Following should be done to understand this practical.
1. Repeater: Functioning at Physical Layer. A repeater is an electronic device that receives

a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an
obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances. Repeater have two ports ,so cannot
be use to connect for more than two devices
2. Hub: An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator
is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and
making them act as a single network segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the
OSI model. The device is a form of multiport repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in
collision detection, forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.
3. Switch: A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that

connects network segments. The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes
and routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally
process data at the network layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches
or multilayer switches.
4. Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer
(Layer 2) of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means a device
that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch are very much
alike; a switch being a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer 2 switch is often used
interchangeably with bridge. Bridges can analyze incoming data packets to determine if the
bridge is able to send the given packet to another segment of the network.
5. Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer

networks, and selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet
contains address information that a router can use to determine if the source and destination
are on the same network, or if the data packet must be transferred from one network to
another. Where multiple routers are used in a large collection of interconnected networks, the
routers exchange information about target system addresses, so that each router can build up
a table showing the preferred paths between any two systems on the interconnected networks.
6. Gate Way: In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with
another network that uses different protocols.
 A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching
devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as necessary to provide
system interoperability. It also requires the establishment of mutually acceptable
administrative procedures between both networks.
 A protocol translation/mapping gateway interconnects networks with different
network protocol technologies by performing the required protocol conversions.
EXPERIMENT- 2
Aim: Study of network IP
 Classification of IP address
 Sub netting
 Super netting
Apparatus (Software): NA
Procedure: Following is required to be study under this practical.

 Classification of IP address
As show in figure we teach how the ip addresses are classified and when they are used.
Class Address Range Supports

Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
Class B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved.
 Sub netting
Why we Develop sub netting and How to calculate subnet mask and how to identify subnet
address.
 Super netting
Why we develop super netting and How to calculate supernet mask and how to identify
supernet address.
EXPERIMENT-3
Aim: Connect the computers in Local Area Network.
EXPERIMENT- 4
Aim: Study of basic network command and Network configuration commands.
Apparatus (Software): Command Prompt And Packet Tracer.
Procedure: To do this EXPERIMENT- follows these steps:
ping:
ping sends an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet to the specified host. If the host responds,
you get an ICMP packet back. Sound strange? Well, you can “ping” an IP address to see if a
machine is alive. If there is no response, you know something is wrong.
Traceroute:
Traceroute is a command which can show you the path a packet of information takes from
your computer to one you specify. It will list all the routers it passes through until it reaches
its destination, or fails to and is discarded. In addition to this, it will tell you how long each
'hop'from router to router takes.
nslookup:
Displays information from Domain Name System (DNS) name servers.

NOTE :If you write the command as above it shows as default your pc's server name firstly.
pathping:
A better version of traceroute that gives you statics about packet lost and latency.
Getting Help
In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark
(?).Router>?
To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in
thoseharacters followed immediately by the question mark (?).
Router#co?
configure connect copy
To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument.

Includea space before the question mark.
Router#configure ?
memory Configure from NV memory

network Configure from a TFTP network host
terminal Configure from the terminal
You can also abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough characters to make
the command unique from other commands. For example, you can abbreviate the show
command to sh.
Configuration Files
Any time you make changes to the router configuration, you must save the changes to
memory because if you do not they will be lost if there is a system reload or power outage.
There are two types of configuration files: the running (current operating) configuration and
the startup configuration.
Use the following privileged mode commands to work with configuration files.
• configure terminal – modify the running configuration manually from the terminal.
• show running-config – display the running configuration.
• show startup-config – display the startup configuration.
• copy running-config startup-config – copy the running configuration to the startup

configuration.
• copy startup-config running-config – copy the startup configuration to the running

configuration.
• erase startup-config – erase the startup-configuration in NVRAM.
• copy tftp running-config – load a configuration file stored on a Trivial File

Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server into the running configuration.
• copy running-config tftp – store the running configuration on a TFTP server.
IP Address Configuration
Take the following steps to configure the IP address of an

interface.Step 1: Enter privileged EXEC mode:
Router>enable password
Step 2: Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode.
Router#config terminal
Step 3: Enter the interface type slot/port (for Cisco 7000 series) or interface type port (for Cisco
2500 series) to enter the interface configuration mode.
Example:
Router (config)#interface ethernet 0/1
Step 4: Enter the IP address and subnet mask of the interface using the ip address ipaddress
subnetmask command.
Example,
Router (config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Step 5: Exit the configuration mode by pressing Ctrl-Z

Router(config-if)#[Ctrl-Z]
EXPERIMENT-5
Aim: Performing an Initial Switch Configuration
Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Switch0 Configuration Command :.........
Switch#
Switch#enable
Switch#confi
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#host name xyz
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.
Switch(config)#hostname xyz
xyz(config)#enable password abc
xyz(config)#interface vlan1
xyz(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
xyz(config-if)#no shutdown
xyz(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
EXPERIMENT-6
Aim: Router Configuration Using Packet Tracer
Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is required to be

configured using the commands learned in previous practical.
After configuring the given network a packet should be ping from any one machine to
another.
Router0 Configuration Command.........
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to
up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#
Router(config-if)#
Router(config)#interface Serial2/0
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

Router(config)#exit
Router#wr
Building configuration...
[OK]
Router#show running-config
Current configuration : 542 bytes

!
version 12.2
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
Router#
Router1 Configuration Command.......
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Press RETURN to get started!
Router>enable
Router#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config)#exit
Router#config t
Router(config)#
Router(config-if)#

up
Router(config)#exit
Router#wr
[OK]
Router#

!
version 12.2
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
Router#
EXPERIMENT-7
Aim: Configuring Static and Default Routes
Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is required to be

configured using the commands learned in previous practical.
After configuring the given network a packet should be ping from any one machine to
another.
Router0 Configuration Command.........
Router>enable

up
Router(config)#exit
Router#
Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

Router(config)#exit
Router#wr
[OK]

!
version 12.2
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
Router#
Router1 Configuration Command.......
Router>enable
Router#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

Router(config)#exit
Router#config t
Router(config)#
Router(config-if)#

up
Router(config)#exit
Router#wr
[OK]
Router#

!
version 12.2
!
hostname Router
!
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
Router#
IP ROUTE Command.....
Router#config t
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
Router(config)#exit
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.1.2/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2
Router#
IP ROUTE Command.....
Router>enable
S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.1

C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.1.1/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
Router#
EXPERIMENT- 8
Aim: Configure a Network using Distance Vector Routing protocol.
 RIP
Apparatus (Software): packet tracer software
Procedure:
1. Develop a Topology shown in figure given below.
3. Configure all Routers
4. Implement RIP protocols in Router to configure Network.
Router0 configuration.....
Router>
Router>en
Router#config t

Router(config)#hostname router0
router0(config)#int lo0
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Loopback0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up

router0(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
router0(config-if)#int f0/0

router0(config-if)#no shut

router0(config-if)#int f0/1

router0(config-if)#no shut

router0(config-if)#end

router0#wr
[OK]
router0#
router0#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
router0 con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
router0>
router0>en
router0#config t

router0(config)#router rip
router0(config-router)#net 10.0.0.0
router0(config-router)#
router0(config-router)#end

router0#show ip route


10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C 10.1.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

router0#
router0#
Router1 Configuration.....
Router>enable
Router#config t

Router(config)#int lo0

Router(config-if)#no shut
Router(config-if)#int f0/1



Router(config-if)#end

Router#wr
[OK]
Router#
Router#
Router#
Router con0 is now available
Router>
Router>en
Router#con t
% Ambiguous command: "con t"

Router#co t
% Ambiguous command: "co t"

Router#conf t

Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#net 10.0.0.0
Router(config-router)#
Router(config-router)#end

Router#
Router2 Configuration.....

Router>en
Router#config t






Router(config-if)#End
Router#wr
[OK]
Router#
Router#
Router#

Router con0 is now available
Router>
Router>
Router>en




Router#config t


Router#
Router#



R 10.1.1.0 [120/2] via 10.1.23.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0

Router#
Router#
Router#
Router3 Configuration.......
Router>
Router>en
Router#config t




Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)#end

Router#wr
[OK]
Router#
Router#




Router#conf t




[120/2] via 10.1.14.1, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/1

Router#
EXPERIMENT- 9
AIM: Configuring WEP on a Wireless Router
Topology Diagram
Objectives
 Configure WEP security between a workstation and a Linksys wireless router.
Background / Preparation
You have been asked to go back to a business customer and install a new Linksys wireless router for
the customer office. The company has some new personnel who will be using wireless computers to
save money on adding additional wired connections to the building. The business is concerned about
the security of the network because they have financial and highly classified data being transmitted
over the network. Your job is to configure the security on the router to protect the data.
In this activity, you will configure WEP security on both a Linksys wireless router and a workstation.
Step 1: Configure the Linksys wireless router to require WEP.

a. Click the Customer Wireless Router icon. Then, click the GUI tab to access the
router web management interface.
b. Click the Wireless menu option and change the Network Name (SSID) from
Default to CustomerWireless. Leave the other settings with their default
options.
c. Click the Save Settings button at the bottom of the Basic Wireless Settings window.
d. Click the Wireless Security submenu under the Wireless menu to display the current
wireless security parameters.
e. From the Security Mode drop-down menu, select WEP.
f. In the Key1 text box, type 1a2b3c4d5e. This will be the new WEP pre-shared key to
access the wireless network.
g. Click the Save Settings button at the bottom of the Wireless Security window.
Step 2: Configure WEP on the customer wireless workstation.
a. Click the Customer Wireless Workstation.
b. Click the Config tab.
c. Click the Wireless button to display the current wireless configuration settings on the
workstation.
d. Change the SSID to CustomerWireless.
e. Change the Security Mode to WEP. Enter 1a2b3c4d5e in the Key text box, and then
close the window.
Step 3: Verify the configuration.
After you configure the correct WEP key and SSID on the customer wireless workstation, notice that
there is a wireless connection between the workstation and the wireless router.
a. Click the Customer Wireless Workstation.
b. Click the Desktop tab to view the applications that are available.
c. Click on the Command Prompt application to bring up the command prompt.
d. Type ipconfig /all and press Enter to view the current network configuration settings.
e. Type ping 192.168.2.1 to verify connectivity to the LAN interface of the customer wireless
router.
f. Close the command prompt window.
g. Open a web browser.
h. In the address bar of the web browser window, type http://192.168.1.10. Press Enter.
The Intranet web page that is running on the customer server appears. You have just
verified that the customer wireless workstation has connectivity to the rest of the
customer network.
i. Click the Check Results button at the bottom of this instruction window to check your work.
Reflection
a. What is the purpose of using WEP on a wireless network?
b. What is the significance of the key that you used to secure WEP?
c. Is WEP the best choice for wireless security?

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

DR. RAMMANOHAR LOHIYA AVADH UNIVERSITY, AYODHYA

IT 3RD YEAR 6TH SEMESTER

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IT (19336)

S.N0 Experiment SIGNATURE

1 Study of Network Devices in Detail.

2 Study of network IP.

3 Connect the computers in Local Area

8 Configure a Network using Distance

Apparatus (Software): No software or hardware needed.

Procedure: Following should be done to understand this practical.

1. Repeater: Functioning at Physical Layer. A repeater is an electronic device that receives

3. Switch: A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that

5. Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer

Aim: Study of network IP

Procedure: Following is required to be study under this practical.

Class Address Range Supports

Apparatus (Software): Command Prompt And Packet Tracer.

Procedure: To do this EXPERIMENT- follows these steps:

Displays information from Domain Name System (DNS) name servers.

configure connect copy

To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument.

memory Configure from NV memory

• show running-config – display the running configuration.

• show startup-config – display the startup configuration.

• copy running-config startup-config – copy the running configuration to the startup

• copy startup-config running-config – copy the startup configuration to the running

• copy tftp running-config – load a configuration file stored on a Trivial File

• copy running-config tftp – store the running configuration on a TFTP server.

Take the following steps to configure the IP address of an

Router (config)#interface ethernet 0/1

Router (config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Step 5: Exit the configuration mode by pressing Ctrl-Z

Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is required to be

Router0 Configuration Command.........

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

Current configuration : 542 bytes

Router1 Configuration Command.......

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Current configuration : 542 bytes

Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is required to be

Router0 Configuration Command.........

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down

Current configuration : 542 bytes

Router1 Configuration Command.......

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

Press RETURN to get started!

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Current configuration : 542 bytes

Gateway of last resort is not set