3.24 Cause Effect, Materi Dan Latihan

CAUSES/ REASONS, kata hubung untuk sebab / karena, antara lain:
1. Because (penyebab)
2. As (penyebab)
3. Now that (penyebab)
4. Since (jika terdapat suatu perubahan yang merupakan penyebab sebuah
aksi, gerakan)
5. For (jika alasannya untuk mencapai sebuah maksud/tujuan)
Kelima kata hubung sebab di atas, nomer 1 s/d 5 diikuti oleh kalimat, artinya ada subyek dan predikat,
lengkap .
Predikat ditandai dengan:
- to be (is, am, are, was, were, be)
- verb- auxiliaries (don’t, doesn’t, didn’t)
- modal (can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, had to)
Subyek adalah pelaku : I, you, they, we , he, she, it (untuk benda tunggal atau impersonal)
dan kata there + tobe.
6. Due to (penyebab, yang mana alasan itu bersifat general, menyeluruh

untuk publik, meluas untuk masyarakat )
7. Because of (penyebab, yang mana alasan itu bersifat kepentingan pribadi,
urusan perseorangan)
due to, because of + diikuti 1 kata, 2 kata, 3 kata saja, bukan kalimat.
Contoh :
1. Because I did not study, I failed the exam.

2. Since he is not interested in English, he decided not to take the English course.
3. As long as you are not busy, could you help me with this work?
4. She speaks so fast that I can’t understand her.
5. I am going to cash my check so (that) I can buy my textbook.
6. I did not study. Therefore, I failed the test.
7. We stayed home because of the cold weather.
8. Due to the cold weather, we stayed home.
9. The teacher is late because he is sick. = The teacher is late because of sick.
10. Electricity turned off because flood occurs in the area. = Electricity turned off due to flood.
11 Due to the flood, schools and offices in the cities of South Kalimantan are closed.
EFFECT
Effect, kata hubung unutk akibat, dampak, konsekuensi_ antara lain:
therefore , that is why = oleh sebab itu, oleh karena itu
so, thus = jadi, maka
so ... (adjective) ... that / such ...(noun) ... that = begitu .... sehingga,
as the consequent/consequently = akibatnya, konsekwensinya
Contoh :
1. Rika tore her friend’s book, consequently, she must buya new one to replace it.
2. Sunarko caught in the rain yesterday, therefore he got flue now.
3. The meal is so spicy that I won’t eat = it is such a spicy meal that I won’t eat.
4. Dylan is so thirsty that he drinks a bottle of mineral water at once.
5. There are more than 10 person to go, so/thus, we need a larger car for them to get on.
CONTRADICTION
Contradiction, kata hubung untuk pertentangan antara kalimat pertama dan kalimat kedua _ yaitu:
but, yet = tetapi
although, even though = walaupun, meskipun
in spite of, despite = walaupun, meskipun
however, nevertheless = meskipun begitu, walau demikian,
Although, even though + diikuti kalimat, ada subyek dan predikat. Utk even though pertentangannya
sangat tajam.
In spite of, despite diikuti 1 kata, 2 kata, 3 kata, bukan kalimat, lebih singkat.
Contoh :
Father is sick, however / nevertheless he goes for working.

Father goes for working although he is sick.
Father goes for working despite/ in spite of sick.
Masih ada kata hubung lainnya :
more over = apa lagi,

beside = di samping itu,
instead of = sebagai gantinya,
as if , as though = seolah- olah.
Contoh:
1. I have a lot of work to do, beside my mother doesn’t give me permission to join the camping
program.
2. My mother doesn’t give me permission to join the camping program, more over, I also have a lot
to do.
3. The lecturer will give us assigntment, instead of his absence in our class.
4. Look at Diana’s dress, assecories ! She acts as if she belonged to rich parents,
A. LATIHAN
Activity 1
Fill in the blanks using conjunctions available in following box.
The conjunctions or prepositions may be used more than once.
because because of due to since nevertheless

although in spite of therefore so so ... that however
1. …….the economics reasons, there are lot of new students cannot own their uniforms.
2. They will not attend the opening ceremony…….they have something to do.
3. The students arrived late…… there was a traffic jam.
4. The sender had written the wrong address on the envelope………it was difficult to deliver the letter.
5. Harry got punishment from the teacher……….his making mistakes.
6. ............. most of items in the shop are expensive, the ladies remain go shopping there.
7. ………….. the party was boring, we decided to leave early.
8. I am learning German……..I will be able to speak it when I go to Austria next summer.
9 David has ..... many girl fiends, ...... he can’t remember all of their names.
10. John didn’t come to the party…………..a serious toothache.
11. Paramita worked hard and diligently,………….she was chosen to be best employee of the month.
12. The meeting is postponed…………… Mr. Tan’s plane was late.
13. The company’s quarter earnings were up ……………, the officer felt satisfied.
14. The traffic moved slowly …………… the construction.
15. It’s raining heavily, .......... a doctor on duty has to go to work.
Activity 2
Fill in the blanks using the available words in the box.
a. since e. very disappointed i. due to

b. obviously f. although j. refund
c. despite g. will be able
d. to inform h. that is why
1. You are…………..to blame for not checking that it works.

2. The hotel didn’t have a swimming pool…………..the fact there was a description of it in the brochure.
3. ………….there wasn’t any information before, I felt that I didn’t need to do any action.
4. I am writing…………..you that I have not received my order yet until now.
5. ……………the heavy rain, the game was cancelled.
6. We were………….with the rude service from your staff.
7. I hope that you………..to send my order without further delay.
8. I’d like you to give me a…..........for the faulty product I received.
9. The weather was cold…………, she wore a coat.
10. ……………………..it was very cold, they went swimming.
Activity 3
Complete the following statements using your own sentences !
1. The father is so angry that ..................................................................................................................................
2. Rita feels so sleepy because ...............................................................................................................................
3. Minica has serious headache, therefore ...........................................................................................................
4. People in the village work together to build abridge since ...............................................................................
5. My group band tries to win the first prize, thus, .............................................................................................
6. Since ............................................................................................................., I will no longer tell you anything.
7. He feels such a guilty man that ..........................................................................................................................
8. Due to ................................................................, The departure of the flight of Garuda to Jakarta is delayed.
9. We must get the punishment, as the consequent, ............................................................................................
10. The old man keeps working, although ..............................................................................................................

3.24 Cause Effect, Materi Dan Latihan

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CAUSES/ REASONS, kata hubung untuk sebab / karena, antara lain:

6. Due to (penyebab, yang mana alasan itu bersifat general, menyeluruh

1. Because I did not study, I failed the exam.

Father is sick, however / nevertheless he goes for working.

Masih ada kata hubung lainnya :

more over = apa lagi,

because because of due to since nevertheless

Fill in the blanks using the available words in the box.

a. since e. very disappointed i. due to

1. You are…………..to blame for not checking that it works.

1. The father is so angry that ..................................................................................................................................

2. Rita feels so sleepy because ...............................................................................................................................

3. Minica has serious headache, therefore ...........................................................................................................

4. People in the village work together to build abridge since ...............................................................................

5. My group band tries to win the first prize, thus, .............................................................................................

6. Since ............................................................................................................., I will no longer tell you anything.

7. He feels such a guilty man that ..........................................................................................................................

8. Due to ................................................................, The departure of the flight of Garuda to Jakarta is delayed.

9. We must get the punishment, as the consequent, ............................................................................................

10. The old man keeps working, although ..............................................................................................................

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