Living Things

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE
Written by
JIYAS.SHOUKATH,
SCIENCE FACULTY, GEC
CHAPTER: 1
LIVING THINGS
Part 1
1. What are the things that living organisms do or need?

Ans:
 Movement
 Nutrition
 Sensitivity
 Growth
 Reproduction
 Excretion
 Respiration
2. What is the importance of food or nutrition for living organisms?

Ans:
All living organisms need to make or take in food, which gives them energy which needs to live.
3. What is the difference between plants and animals to obtain food?

Ans:
Plants don’t need to eat food. They use light, carbon dioxide and water to make their own
food. They make sugar, and oxygen is their waste product. They need to take minerals from soil
as well.
But animals cannot make their own food. They have to eat other organisms.
4. How some plants are exceptional from other plants to obtain food?
Ans:
Some plants trap and digest animals. These plants cannot get the minerals they need from soil
and so they eat animals instead.
E.g. : 1. Pitcher Plant , Venus Flytrap , Yellow Pitcher Plant , Cobra Lily , Butterwort , Monkey
Cup , Australian Sundew , Big Floating Bladderwort
5. What is the importance of respiration for living organisms?
Ans:
Living organisms respire to get energy from their food. When organisms respire they often use
oxygen to break down their food. They produce carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
They also produce heat. Getting rid of the carbon dioxide that is made during respiration is also
excretion.
6. Give a method to identify the presence of carbon dioxide?
Ans:
If we bubble carbon dioxide through limewater, it turns cloudy white in colour.
7. What is the importance of sensitivity for living organisms?
Ans:
All living organisms need to know about the changes of their surroundings to find food and
keep out of danger.
8. What are the differences between growth and reproduction?
Ans:
Both often take a long time. Growth means gets bigger and stays bigger. Reproduction means
make more of the same produces offspring.
9. What is the importance of movement for living organisms?
Ans:
It is vital for living organisms to survive. Animals need to find food, find shelter and avoid
danger. Plants need as much light as possible if they are to make food.
10. Explain the functions of each parts of the plant.
Ans:
 Leaves: To make food in a process called photosynthesis. The green colour of leave trap
sunlight to make food. It also let the plants take oxygen and lose carbon dioxide at
night.
 Flowers: They are the reproductive organ of the plant. They may be sensitive to the
light and close up when it gets dark.
 Stem: It supports plant; hold up the flowers which help in pollination. It is sensitive to
the light and moves by bending so that leaves are exposed to as much light as possible.
 Root: Hold the plants into the ground which take up water and minerals from the soil. It
may store food to help the plant reproduce.
Chapter: 1
LIVING THINGS
Part: 2
1. What is an organ system?

Ans:
Several organs together to perform a particular job in the body are called as an organ system. Organ
systems in mammals include the respiratory system, the digestive system, the nervous system and the
excretory system.
2. Which are the organs included in circulatory system?

Ans:
Heart, Aorta, Vena cava, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries etc.
3. Which are the organs included in digestive system?

Ans:
Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Small intestine, Large intestine, Anus etc.
4. Which are the organs included in nervous system?

Ans:
Brain, Spinal cord, Ganglion, Nerves etc.
5. Which are the organs included in respiratory system?

Ans:
Nose, Trachea, Lungs etc.
6. What is a microscope?
Ans:
A microscope makes small things look bigger which is like a complicated magnifying glass. It can make
things look 4X, 10X, 100X or even 400X bigger than they really are. A microscope has an eyepiece lens, a
stage, a clip to hold the specimen in place, an objective lens, a mirror or light source and focusing knobs.
7. What are the main parts of animal cell? Explain the function of each part.
Ans:
 Nucleus: It is the control centre of the cell. It contain all the plans of making new cells and new
animals
 Cell membrane: It is the outer layer of the cell. Substance move in and out through the membrane.
 Cytoplasm: It is a jelly substance where all the important jobs in the cell are done, such as using the
substance from food for growing.
8. What are the main parts of plant cell? Explain the function of each part.
Ans:
A simple plant cell has a nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm like animal cell. The other parts in plant
cell include,
 Cell wall: It is a tough wall which helps the plant to stay upright.
 Vacuole: It is a membrane lined space filled with fluid
 Chloroplast: It is a green structure that carries out photosynthesis. It contains a green substance
called chlorophyll.
9. How tissues and organs and organ system connected together to form a complex organism?
Ans:
Lots of specialised cells together make up a tissue. Several tissues working together in the body form an
organ. Several different organs work together to carry out a specialised job in the body. They form an
organ system. Organ systems are needed to form complex organisms.
10. What are specialised cells in human or animal? Give examples.

Ans:
They are the specific cells in a multicellular organism to carry out a specified job. Different specialised
cells have different features so they can do different job in the body.
E.g. Nerve cell, Red blood cell, Sperm cell, Ciliated epithelial cells.
11. Explain the function of each specialised cell of animal that given below.
a) Nerve cell b) Red blood cell c) Sperm cell d) Ciliated epithelial cell
Ans:
a) Nerve cell (neurone): Long cells to carry electrical messages around the body. They have branches
to connect to many other nerve cells.
b) Red blood cell: It has special shape of large surface area to carry oxygen. It has no nucleus so it has
only short life span.
c) Sperm cell: It carries genetic information to the egg. It is specialised to get to the egg cell with its
tail and the energy releasing middle region and then to break into the egg with its head.
d) Ciliated epithelial cell: It is covered with tiny, hair like cilia which beat to move things about in the
body. They use a lot of energy. E.g. mucus from the lungs.
12. Explain the function of each specialised cell of plant that given below.
a) Leaf cell b) Root hair cell
Ans:
a) Leaf cell: It contains a lot of special green structure called chloroplast which contains a green
substance called chlorophyll. It captures the solar energy, which is need by the plants to make sugar.
These cells are together to make specialised palisade tissue, which is where the most of the
photosynthesis takes place.
b) Root hair cell: It can be found close to the tips of growing roots and to the transport tissue. They give
the plants microscopic hairs on the root which help to take in much water.
13. What is Skeleton system?

Ans:
Humans are vertebrates with skeleton inside the body. The human skeleton is made up of many bones
together called as Skeleton system.
14. What are the functions of skeleton?

Ans:
 It support the body
 It protects delicate organs such as our brain and our heart, which are protected by skull and ribcage
respectively.
 It is joined so we can move easily.
15. What is the importance of joints in our body?

Ans:
The place where two bones meet is called a joint. The joints between the bones allow us plenty of
movements. They have special tissues such as cartilage and a fluid called synovial fluid, which make them
smooth and cushioned without grinding against each other.
16. What are the muscles?

Ans:
Muscles are the bundles of fibres which help to move our bones. It can contract and shorten. Each end of
a muscle is joined to a different bone by non-stretchy tissue called tendons. When a muscle contract, it
shortens to pull a bone into a different position.
17. Why some muscles are called antagonistic?

Ans:
Muscles that work in pair. One will helps to pull bones to a specific position and the other one helps to
push back to its initial position. To pull the bone, one muscle must contract mean while the other one
will relax and vice versa.

Living Things

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Living Things

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Living Things

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ESSENTIAL SCIENCE

1. What are the things that living organisms do or need?

2. What is the importance of food or nutrition for living organisms?

3. What is the difference between plants and animals to obtain food?

5. What is the importance of respiration for living organisms?

6. Give a method to identify the presence of carbon dioxide?

8. What are the differences between growth and reproduction?

9. What is the importance of movement for living organisms?

10. Explain the functions of each parts of the plant.

1. What is an organ system?

2. Which are the organs included in circulatory system?

3. Which are the organs included in digestive system?

4. Which are the organs included in nervous system?

5. Which are the organs included in respiratory system?

10. What are specialised cells in human or animal? Give examples.

13. What is Skeleton system?

14. What are the functions of skeleton?

15. What is the importance of joints in our body?

16. What are the muscles?

17. Why some muscles are called antagonistic?

You might also like