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Cheatsheets / Learn Java

Variables

boolean Data Type

In Java, the boolean primitive data type is used to store boolean result = true;
a value, which can be either true or false .
boolean isMarried = false;

Strings

A String in Java is a Object that holds multiple characters. // Creating a String variable
It is not a primitive datatype.
String name = "Bob";
A String can be created by placing characters between a
pair of double quotes ( " ).
To compare Strings, the equals() method must be used // The following will print "false"
instead of the primitive equality comparator == .
because strings are case-sensitive
System.out.println(name.equals("bob"));

int Data Type

In Java, the int datatype is used to store integer values. int num1 = 10; // positive value
This means that it can store all positive and negative
int num2 = -5; // negative value
whole numbers and zero.
int num3 = 0; // zero value
int num4 = 12.5; // not allowed

char Data Type

In Java, char is used to store a single character. The char answer = 'y';
character must be enclosed in single quotes.

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Primitive Data Types

Java’s most basic data types are known as primitive data int age = 28;
types and are in the system by default.
The available types are as follows:
int char grade = 'A';
char
boolean
boolean late = true;
byte
long
short byte b = 20;
double
float
long num1 = 1234567;
null is another, but it can only ever store the value
null .
short no = 10;

float k = (float)12.5;

double pi = 3.14;

Static Typing

In Java, the type of a variable is checked at compile time. int i = 10; // type is int
This is known as static typing. It has the advantage of
char ch = 'a'; // type is char
catching the errors at compile time rather than at
execution time.
Variables must be declared with the appropriate data j = 20; // won't compile, no
type or the program will not compile.
type is given
char name = "Lil"; // won't compile,
wrong data type

final Keyword

The value of a variable cannot be changed if the variable // Value cannot be changed:
was declared using the final keyword.
final double PI = 3.14;
Note that the variable must be given a value when it is
declared as final . final variables cannot be changed;
any attempts at doing so will result in an error message.

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double Data Type

The double primitive type is used to hold decimal double PI = 3.14;

values.
double price = 5.75;

Math Operations

Basic math operations can be applied to int , double int a = 20;

and float data types:
int b = 10;
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication int result;
/ division
% modulo (yields the remainder)
result = a + b; // 30
These operations are not supported for other data types.

result = a - b; // 10

result = a * b; // 200

result = a / b; // 2

result = a % b; // 0

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators can be used to compare two int a = 5;

values:
int b = 3;
> greater than
< less than
>= greater than or equal to boolean result = a > b;
<= less than or equal to // result now holds the boolean value true
== equal to
!= not equal to
They are supported for primitive data types and the result
of a comparison is a boolean value true or false .

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Compound Assignment Operators

Compound assignment operators can be used to change int number = 5;

and reassign the value of a variable using one line of
code. Compound assignment operators include += , -
= , *= , /= , and %= . number += 3; // Value is now 8
number -= 4; // Value is now 4
number *= 6; // Value is now 24
number /= 2; // Value is now 12
number %= 7; // Value is now 5

Increment and Decrement Operators

The increment operator, ( ++ ), can increase the value of int numApples = 5;

a number-based variable by 1 while the decrement
numApples++; // Value is now 6
operator, ( -- ), can decrease the value of a variable by
1.
int numOranges = 5;
numOranges--; // Value is now 4

Order of Operations

The order in which an expression with multiple operators

is evaluated is determined by the order of operations:
parentheses -> multiplication -> division -> modulo ->
addition -> subtraction.

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