Practice Test

Listening
Duration: 30 minutes

SECTION 1 Questions 1–10

Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1–10 on your answer sheet.

A1 MOVING TRUCK HIRE – Customer Quote Form

Example
Name: Meg Smith

Address: 15 1 St,
Springfield
Tel: 2 (mobile) 04
Type of truck selected: the 3 metre truck
Price (hourly): 4$
NB: Price does NOT include the 5
Optional extras selected: 6
Travelling to: 7
Pick up from: the 8 branch
Length of hire: 8 hours
Insurance requirements:
• Age of youngest driver: 9 years
• Driver’s licences issued in 10

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 Practice Test

SECTION 2 Questions 11–20 Questions 16–20

Questions 11–15 Label the map below.
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. Write the correct letter A–G in boxes 16–20 on your
answer sheet.
Volunteers at Greenfield City Arts Festival
Greenfield City Arts Festival
11 What is special about the Greenfield City Arts N
Festival?
W E
A It is held in a beautiful university campus.
S B C Library
B It is the oldest arts festival in the country. Police
C It was the first to invite overseas artists. Cinema

12 What is the main purpose of this year’s Greenfield City A Theatre G

Arts Festival?
Children’s D
A To provide local residents with entertainment.
play area
B To attract tourists to the Greenfield City area. Lake F
C To raise funds for the City Hall to be improved.

o ad
13 More volunteers are needed this year in City arch
E

nR
A the children’s areas.

tai
un
B the information kiosks. Tennis courts o
M
C the concert halls.

14 What type of work will the volunteers have to do?

16 Toilets
A give out maps of the Festival
17 Water fountain
B check tickets at venues
18 Information tent
C do general office work 19 Ticket office
20 Food stalls
15 What do the volunteers still have to do to get their
volunteer card?
A sign on the back of the card
B pay a small fee for the card
C have a photograph taken

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 Practice Test

SECTION 3 Questions 21–30

Questions 21–27

University Environmental Sustainability Program

21 What problem do Greg and Tanya identify with the University’s solar energy
program?
A it is expensive to set up
B it takes up a lot of space
C it lacks government support

22 What do they agree will be the main benefit of the solar energy program?
A saving on electricity bills
B reducing carbon emissions
C conducting new research

23 What reservation does Greg have about the new building?

A the source of the materials
B the practicality of the design
C the length of the project

24 What does Tanya appreciate most about the building?

A the availability of more teaching space
B the relationship between form and function
C the enhancement of this part of the campus

25 Which environmental issue do the bottle refill stations address?

A recycling
B waste
C water conservation

26 What does Greg dislike about the bottle refill stations?

A the water temperature
B the long queues
C the hygiene aspect

27 What does Tanya suggest regarding the Green Office initiative?

A it should be publicised more
B it should be cancelled
C it should be extended

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 Practice Test

Questions 28–30
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose THREE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes
28–30 on your answer sheet.

A student body
B institute
C designer
D professor
E energy manager
F steering committee

Sustainability Timeline

Established a university 28 to develop a sustainability plan.

Revised guidelines for construction of new buildings.

Appointed a new 29 to implement targets on campus.

Recruited personnel for the 30 which will provide leadership in

sustainable research.

Carried out research projects on sustainability.

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 Practice Test

SECTION 4 Questions 31–40

Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 31-40 on your answer sheet.

GOBY FISH – THE FISH OF THE DESERT

Description
• Goby fish are colourful and grow to roughly 6 centimetres long.
• Surprisingly, they have a poor 31 ability.
• They are able to travel hundreds of kilometres by changing locations
during a 32 (this has been proven through DNA testing).

Habitat
• Goby fish can live in hot, dry desert areas in temporary rivers and
springs and even small 33 .
• They live in water with high levels of 34 and can tolerate great
variations in temperature.
• Regular movement to another water source reduces the risk of a
35 shortage.

Reproduction
• The male goby attracts the female goby with a 36 .
• The female lays eggs which are then looked after by the male goby.
• The male uses his pectoral fins to fan the eggs to make sure they
receive 37 .

Threats
• Bores lower the water table and cause springs to dry up.
• 38 can damage the fragile environment of the rivers and springs.

Research
• Small male goby fish put on a show of aggression in order to avoid a
39 .
• Other animal species might use a similar ‘bluff’ technique to the goby
fish, e.g. a jumping 40 .

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 Practice Test

Academic Reading
Duration: 60 minutes

READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 1–13

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–13, which are based on
Reading Passage 1 on the next page.

Questions 1–6
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs A–F.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number i–ix in boxes 1–6 on your answer sheet.

List of headings
i The nocturnal behaviour of flying foxes
ii The distances covered by different bats
iii How bats compare to other animal species
iv Reasons why flying foxes predominate
v The significance of bats to early cultures
vi A comparison between two types of bats
vii How bats digest their food efficiently
viii Key factors in determining types of bat
ix The destruction caused by colonies of bats

1 Paragraph A
2 Paragraph B
3 Paragraph C
4 Paragraph D
5 Paragraph E
6 Paragraph F

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Practice Test

Flying foxes and other bats of Australia

A Bats are the only mammals capable of active D Australian flying foxes forage for food almost
and sustained flight. They achieve this with semi- exclusively during the night. Flying foxes leave their
transparent wings, composed of two layers of camps at dusk, sometimes just before sundown or
almost hairless skin stretched between the long shortly after dark. The exodus from a camp usually
forelimb bones, the back limb, and the tail. The consists of streams of bats heading off in the
other external features of bats are not unlike those direction of the food source. Circling and wheeling
seen in many groups of other small mammals. in the camp prior to the exodus may be related to
Due to their capacity for flight, their nocturnal information transfer, or just warming up. When the
lifestyle, and other physiological and ecological first animal decides to leave the camp in a particular
adaptations, bats have become a very successful direction, others follow. Depending on the quality
group of mammals. They make up the second most of the food and its distance from the camp, flying
numerous mammal group in the world, after that of foxes commence to return at all stages of the
rodents (which include rats, mice and guinea pigs). night. The peak of returns occurs just before dawn,
and bats can be seen returning along the familiar
B Bats belong to the category of Chiroptera
pathways used in their exodus at the beginning of
meaning ‘hand-winged’. Bats can be further
the night.
divided into two classes: the Megachiroptera
(large ‘hand-winged’ bats) and Microchiroptera E The solitary tube-nosed fruit bats are found in
(small ‘hand-winged’ bats). Broadly speaking, the rainforests and usually fly along tracks in the forest
small microchiropterans feed mainly on insects, 3 – 5 metres above the ground, but will fly much
and navigate using echolocation (animal sonar). higher if feeding on emergent fig trees. Finding them
The smallest bats in the world belong to the during the day is very difficult as their spotted wings
Micorchiroptera. The bumble-bee bat from Thailand, and brown colour make them look like dead leaves.
which weighs only 1.5 grams, is possibly the world’s The roost site is never far from the food source and
smallest mammal. In the Microchiroptera, there are the bats will roost in the same location day after
some species which eat plant products, and could day while the food source remains, after which they
therefore be called ‘fruit bats’. This group of bats will move on. Blossom bats are also solitary and
has diversified into a wide range of food habits and roost in the canopy of dense vegetation where they
includes blood-feeding vampire bats, fish-eating too resemble hanging dead leaves. No groups or
bats, carnivorous and insectivorous bats, as well colonies have ever been found, but like tube-nosed
as the group of fruit eaters. Megachiropterans are fruit bats, numbers of blossom bats will congregate
larger bats that are ‘phytophagous’, (they feed on around an isolated food tree. Although separate
plant products), and navigate principally by sight. visits to flowers by individuals can be very brief,
Flying foxes, fruit bats and blossom bats belong to blossom bats show a strong loyalty to their feeding
this last category. areas and will vigorously defend them from other
individuals by attacking, vocalising, and clapping
C The first records of flying foxes in Australia are
the tips of their wings together.
those found in Aboriginal rock art and mythology.
In sandstone cave galleries there are numerous F The larger body size of flying foxes generally
depictions of flying foxes, usually in groups, which restricts their access to food to the outer canopy,
reflect a natural view of the animal. However, so they tend to range long distances and
Aboriginal rock art depictions cannot be interpreted depend on less plant species as a food resource.
in a simple European way as representing a food In the northern rainforests, the bare-backed
source, or a message of the presence of flying foxes flying fox avoids this problem by having added
nearby. Although these factors are often involved, it manoeuvrability as a result of its extended wing
is more likely that the representation of flying foxes surface area, and can fly and feed below the
in Aboriginal rock art has a deeper meaning, relating canopy as well. This allows the bare-backed flying
flying foxes to the environment and Aboriginal fox access to a greater variety of food types. The
spirituality. Many of the observations of flying foxes smaller body size and wing shape of other types of
by Europeans during the early colonisation and bats such as the tube-nosed and blossom bats also
exploration periods of Australia were probably allows them to utilise a wide range of plant species
misidentified as ‘nocturnal birds’. for food, and consequently results in them having
much smaller home ranges than flying foxes.

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 Practice Test

Questions 7–10
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7–10 on your answer sheet.

Chiroptera
(‘hand-winged’)

7 Microchiroptera

- large - small
- are 8 (eat plants) - eat insects
- find their way using 9 - find their way using 10

Questions 11–13
Classify the following characteristics as belonging to
A tube-nosed fruit bats
B blossom bats
C both types of bats
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 11–13 on your answer sheet.

11 They are hostile to intruders in their territory.

12 Time is spent in a group only when feeding.
13 They are well camouflaged by their surroundings.

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 Practice Test

READING PASSAGE 2 Questions 14–27

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

The meaning of European Rock Art

A Rock art (also known as ‘parietal art’, most famously D This argument is in line with demographic and social
cave paintings) has been recorded in Africa the patterns during the Upper Paleolithic. More population
Americas, Asia, Australia and Europe. The earliest density meant more competition and territorial
examples of European rock art are dated to about awareness. However, this model has some flaws.
36,000 years ago, but it was not until around 18,000 Hatfield and Pittman note that this territorial approach
years ago that European rock art actually flourished. is not consistent with the stylistic unity displayed
This was the time following the end of the Last by some rock art traditions. For them, the art is too
Glacial Maximum (22,000–19,000 years ago), when coherent and unified to be a representation of division
climatic conditions were beginning to improve after and aggression. Furthermore, David Whitley has
reaching their most critical point of the Ice Age. But observed if Upper Paleolithic groups increased their
why was rock art made? After a century of discussion awareness of territoriality, it is reasonable to expect
about the ‘meaning’ of rock art, no complete some sort of indication of this in the archaeological
scholarship consensus exists, but several explanations record, such as an increase of signs of injuries inflicted
have been proposed. with sharp or blunt weapons in human remains, or
other signs of trauma that could be linked to inter-group
B Possibly the simplest of all theories about Upper
conflicts. However, in this case it is possible that if
Paleolithic rock art to be put forward is ‘art for art’s
the art actually helped to avoid conflict, no such signs
sake’. This view holds that there is no real meaning
would be detected.
behind this type of art, that it is nothing but the product
of an idle activity with no deep motivation behind it, E Another suggestion is that Upper Paleolithic rock art
a “mindless decoration” in the words of Paul Bahn. was produced because of a belief in magic. The images
As simple and innocent as this view may sound, it has were designed as an aid for hunting, in the words of
some important implications. Bahn argues that some Paul Mellars, to “secure control over particular species
late 19th and early 20th century scholars saw people of animals which were crucially important human food
in the Upper Paleolithic communities as brute savages supply”. Some supporting evidence includes the fact
incapable of being driven by deep psychological that sometimes the animals were apparently depicted
motivations, and they even rejected the idea that rock with inflicted wounds. In addition, similar evidence of
art could have any connection with spiritual concerns magical or spiritual beliefs had previously been found
or any other subtle motivation. This approach is not in Australian Aboriginal rock art. Magic rituals may
accepted today, but it was an influential one in the early not have had a direct material outcome, but this type of
years of archaeology. practice surely boosted the confidence and had a direct
psychological benefit for hunters (a form of placebo
C Some scholars, such as Clive Gamble, have claimed
effect), increasing the success of hunting activities.
that rock art was produced by different communities
In this context, Upper Paleolithic rock art is seen as
to mark boundaries during the time when climatic
a tool to magically benefit the groups’ subsistence,
conditions increased the struggle for territory between
encouraging the success of the hunters.
Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer communities.
Cave art, according to this view, is seen as a sign of F Our knowledge of the meaning of Upper Paleolithic
the ethnic or territorial divisions within the different rock and portable art should not be considered either
Upper Paleolithic human groups living in a given area. correct or incorrect, only fragmentary, or incomplete.
Cave art was used as a marker by hunting-gathering The element of uncertainty is likely to always be
communities in order to indicate to other groups their present in this field of study. This should lead to flexible
‘right’ to hunt and gather food in a specific area and models complementing each other and the willingness
avoid potential conflicts. to accept that, as more evidence is revealed over time,
arguments will have to be adjusted.

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 Practice Test

Questions 14–17
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs labelled A–F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A–F in boxes 14–17 on your answer sheet.

14 an outdated theory about the purpose of rock art

15 an appeal to be open to emerging theories about rock art
16 an alternative term for rock art
17 an explanation of how rock art prevented arguments

Questions 18–23
Look at the following statements (Questions 18–23) and the list of people below.
Match each statement with the correct person, A–E.
Write the correct letter A–E in boxes 18–23 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

18 There were strong beliefs that the rock art could control people’s fortune.
19 There is not enough evidence of conflict in the rock art to support a theory.
20 Evidence for a theory can be found in other continents.
21 Early academics thought rock art had no great cultural significance.
22 Rock art is a result of increased competition for space.
23 Other evidence such as skeleton analysis can provide proof for a theory.

List of people
A Paul Bahn
B Clive Gamble
C Hatfield and Pittman
D David Whitley
E Paul Mellars

Questions 24–27
Complete the summary using the list of words, A–I, below.
Write the correct letter A–I in boxes 24–27 on your answer sheet.

Rock art and magic

Paleolithic societies believed that rock art helped with 24 . People
believed the art gave them influence over important animals. Pictures of animals
with 25 provide evidence to support the argument. However wrong
the belief may have been, it would have had an effect on their 26 as the
belief acted as a kind of 27 .

A aid D hunting G confidence

B material E similarities H rituals
C placebo F wounds I species

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 Practice Test

READING PASSAGE 3 Questions 28–40

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28–40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Master of many trades

I once travelled with a Bedouin tribe in the Western minded can thrive. Of course, the rest of us are very
Desert of Egypt. When we got a hole in our tyre, adept at pretending to be specialists. When applying
they used tape and an old inner tube to suck air from for jobs, we adapt our CVs to make it look as if all we
the other three tyres to inflate the fourth. Far from ever wanted to do was sell mobile homes or Nespresso
expressing shame at having no pump, they told me that machines. It’s common sense, isn’t it, to try to create the
carrying too many tools is the sign of a weak man; it impression that we are entirely focused on the job we
makes him lazy. The real master has no tools at all, only want? And wasn’t it always this way?
a limitless capacity to improvise with what is to hand.
In fact, it wasn’t. Classically, a polymath was someone
The more fields of knowledge you cover, the greater
who ‘had learnt much’, conquering many different
your resources for improvisation.
subject areas. As the 15th-century polymath Leon
We hear the descriptive words psychopath and Battista Alberti – an architect, painter, horseman, archer
sociopath all the time, but here’s a new one: monopath. and inventor – wrote: ‘a man can do all things if he will’.
It means a person with a narrow mind, a one-track During the Renaissance, polymathy became part of
brain, a bore, a super-specialist, an expert with no the idea of the ‘perfected man’, the manifold master
other interests – in other words, the role-model of of intellectual, artistic and physical pursuits. Leonardo
choice nowadays. In June, I was invited on the Today da Vinci was said to be as proud of his ability to bend
programme on BBC Radio 4 to say a few words about iron bars with his hands as he was of the Mona Lisa.
the river Nile, because I had written a new book about Polymaths such as Da Vinci, Goethe and Benjamin
it. The producer called me ‘Dr Twigger’ several times. Franklin were such high achievers that we might feel
I was flattered, but I also felt a sense of panic. I have a bit reluctant to use the word ‘polymath’ to describe
never sought or held a PhD. After the third ‘Dr’, I gently our own humble attempts to become multi-talented.
put the producer right. And of course, it was fine – he We can’t all be geniuses. But we do all still indulge in
didn’t especially want me to be a doctor. The culture polymathic activity; it’s part of what makes us human.
did. My Nile book was necessarily the work of a We all have at least the potential to become polymaths.
generalist. But the radio needs credible guests; it needs
Despite this potential, there is still confusion in the
an expert – otherwise why would anyone listen?
modern world about how innovations actually come
The monopathic model derives some of its credibility about. Science, for example, likes to project itself as
from its success in business. Ever since the beginning clean, logical, rational and unemotional. In fact, it’s
of the industrial era, we have known both the benefits pretty haphazard, driven by funding and ego, reliant on
and the drawbacks of dividing jobs into ever smaller inspired intuition by its top-flight practitioners. Above all
and more tedious ones. Riches must be balanced it is polymathic. Innovative ideas frequently come from
against boredom. But as long as a boring job retains an the cross-fertilisation, or mixing of two separate fields.
element of physicality, one can find a rhythm, entering Francis Crick, who intuited the structure of DNA, was
a ‘flow’ state wherein time passes easily and the hard originally a physicist; he claimed this background gave
labour is followed by a sense of accomplishment. him the confidence to solve problems that biologists
In Jack Kerouac’s novel Big Sur (1962) there is a thought were insoluble. And Richard Feynman came
marvellous description of a character working like up with his Nobel Prize-winning ideas about quantum
a demon, changing tyres in a tyre shop and finding electrodynamics by reflecting on a peculiar hobby of
himself uplifted rather than diminished by the work. his – spinning a plate on his finger.
Industrialism tends toward monopathy because of the
One could tell similar stories about breakthroughs in art
growth of divided labour, but it is only when the physical
– Jean-Michel Basquiat and Banksy took street graffiti
element is removed that the real problems begin. When
and made it acceptable to galleries. In business, cross-
the body remains still and the mind is forced to do
fertilisation is the source of all kinds of innovations:
something repetitive, the human inside us rebels.
fibres inspired by spider webs have become a source
The average job now is done by someone who is of bulletproof fabric. To come up with such ideas, you
stationary in front of some kind of screen. Someone need to know things outside your field. What’s more,
who has just one overriding interest is tunnel-visioned, the further afield your knowledge extends, the greater
a bore, but also a specialist, an expert. Welcome to potential you have for innovation.
the monopathic world, a place where only the single-

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 Practice Test

Questions 28–36
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 28–36 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

28 The Bedouin were embarrassed that they failed to fix a problem.

29 Having highly specialised tools is the sign of an expert.
30 Society today values the opinions of people who are experts in one
particular field.
31 Carrying out physically repetitive tasks goes against human nature.
32 Sales jobs require more specialisation than jobs in other fields.
33 Monopathy is a fairly recent phenomenon.
34 Only highly talented individuals can become polymaths.
35 Crick’s first field of study helped him with later research.
36 Travel is a good way to expand one’s knowledge.

Questions 37–40
Complete the summary below.
Write ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 37–40 on your answer sheet.

The writer argues that our culture values 37 over other models of
knowledge. This model first gained popularity with the rise of industrialism. An
unwanted side effect of industrial efficiency is 38 for the people carrying
out the work. The writer believes that despite current thinking, 39 in
science, art, and business depend on people from different fields working
together. The writer gives an example of a new type of 40 which is
derived from a substance commonly found in nature.

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 Practice Test

Academic Writing
Duration: 60 minutes

TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the sales figures for children’s toys in 2012 and 2016
in six different countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,
and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

9
2012 2016
8

6
US $billion

0
USA UK Japan Brazil India China

TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:

Nowadays, an increasing number of young people display anti-social

behaviour and a lack of respect for others.
What are the causes of this problem?
Can you suggest any solutions?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.

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 Practice Test

Speaking
Duration: 11–14 minutes

Part 1 Introduction and interview

[This part of the test begins with the examiner introducing himself or herself and
checking the candidate’s identification. It then continues as an interview.]

Work/Study
Do you work, or are you a student?
(work)
• Where do you work?
• How long have you worked there?
• What’s the best thing about your work?
(study)
• What are you studying?
• Why did you decide to do that course?
• Have you made many friends on your course?

Photographs
Let’s talk about photography, or taking photographs.
• Do you like taking photographs? Why?
• What’s your favourite photograph? Why do you like it?
• How do you feel about being in photographs?
• Do you have any photographs on the walls in your home? What are they?

Weather
Now let’s move on to talk about the weather.
• What kind of weather do you like?
• Does the weather have any influence on your mood?
• What kind of weather did you most enjoy when you were a child? Why?
• Has the weather changed in your country in recent years? How?

Part 2 Individual long turn

Candidate Task Card

Describe a time you remember when you had to make a long journey.
You should say:
when you made the journey
who you made the journey with
where you went on the journey
and explain why this was such a memorable journey.

You will have to talk about the topic for 1 to 2 minutes.

You have one minute to think about what you’re going to say.
You can make some notes to help you if you wish.

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 Practice Test

Part 3 Two-way discussion

Let’s consider local journeys that people make every day.

• In your country where do most people have to travel to every day?
• What is the most common way for people to travel around your town or city?
• Is the way people travel locally now very different from in the past?
• Do you think the way that people travel around your city will change in the future?

Let’s consider long distance journeys that people often have to make.
• What are the reasons people have for making long journeys?
• How can people prepare before making a long journey?
• In your country, what kind of transport do people usually use to travel long
distances?
• How is the type of transport that people use today different from when your
parents were young?

Let’s consider some environmental issues related to travelling.

• In what ways can the journeys people make be harmful to the environment?
• How can people try to reduce the environmental impact their journeys have?
• Are pollution levels from private transport likely to increase or decrease in the
future?
• What role can the government play in helping to reduce pollution caused by
private transport?

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