Handouts in Quarter 1 Music 9

Handouts in Quarter 1 Music 9 by Pope Julius III.
Musical Description THOMAS MORLEY

Periods  most famous composer of secular music in his time. He was a
 The Medieval period is also known as the Middle Ages or Dark Ages that singer in the local cathedral during his childhood and was believed
Medieval started with the fall of the Roman Empire. to have studied music with William Byrd, an Elizabethan composer
Period of sacred music.
 During this time, the Christian Church influenced Europe’s culture and  He tried imitating Byrd in his early works but veered towards
political affairs. composing madrigals that show a variety of color, form and
technique.
 RENAISSANCE - The term Renaissance comes from the word renaitre  Most of his madrigals are light and easy to sing with some aspects
Renaissanc which means “rebirth, revival, and rediscovery. of Italian style.
e Period  His Musica Transalpina, a collection of Italian madrigals fitted with
 The Renaissance Period is a period of looking back to the Golden Age of English text, was published in 1588 by Nicholas Yonge. Shortly
Greece and Rome. after, he began publishing his own collections of madrigals and
made significant contribution to the history of music
 The invention of printing in the 1400’s paved the way for a wide
distribution of renaissance compositions. Baroque JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH
Period  Bach’s beautiful soprano singing voice helped him to be accepted at
 In the Renaissance period, music education is a symbol of social status. a school in Luӥ eberg. A few years later, his voice changed and Bach
focused his attention to playing the violin and harpsichord.
 The term baroque is used to describe a particular musical style of  Bach was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is shown in
Baroque architecture popular between 1600- 1750. Some of the great composers his sacred music. He was known for his compositions for organ,
Period of this time were George Friedrich Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, orchestra, and oratorio. His most important and long term position
Claudio Monteverdi, and Antonio Vivaldi. was as cantor” at St. Thomas Church.
 During this time, the arts highlighted grandiose and elaborate music ANTONIO VIVALDI
ornamentations. These were clearly seen in the musical compositions  Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist.
created by Baroque composers. Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence
during his lifetime was widespread over Europe.
 Vivaldi is known mainly for composing instrumental concertos,
MUSICAL MUSICAL COMPOSERS especially for the violin, as well as sacred choral works and over
PERIOD forty operas. He entered the priesthood and was ordained in 1703.
Medieval ADAM DE LA HALLE Vivaldi is well known for giving the strings a major role in his
Period  was one of the oldest secular composers whose literary and musical compositions.
works include chansons and poetic debates. He was a trouvére,  His most famous piece is The Four Seasons. This composition is a
poet and musician, whose literary and musical works include series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons, Spring,
chansons and jeux- partis (poetic debates) in the style of the Summer, Autumn, and Winter.
trouveres, polyphonic rondel and motets in the style of early
liturgical polyphony. His musical play, Jeu de Robin et Marion‖ was GEORGE FRIEDRICH HANDEL
considered the earliest surviving secular French play with music.  Handel is remembered for his operas and oratorios. Handel became
England’s favorite composer. He had given English audiences
Renaissance GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA music that in variety and interest rivalled anything they could
Period  said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music remember.
during the Renaissance period. Majority of his compositions are  Handel lost both of his eyesight in 1753. When he conducted his
sacred music. oratorio, ―Samson,” a few in the audience were unaware that he
 Palestrina’s Pope Marcellus Mass is held up as the perfect example had lost his eyesight. The Messiah is Handel’s most famous
of counter - reformation style. Kyrie is part of the first two sections creation and the very well known ―Hallelujah‖ chorus is part of
of the Pope Marcellus Mass. Handel’s Messiah.
 His first book Masses became popular and was greatly appreciated MEDIEVAL PERIOD – TWO TYPES OF MUSIC
1.) Sacred or Religious Music > Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony
> The Sacred or religious music and the secular or non-religious music. Sacred > Dynamic contrast – alternation between loud and soft
music was written specifically for use in religious services while the secular music was > Music genres—operas, oratorios, suites, tocatas, concertó grosso, fugue
composed for purposes other than religious. > Orchestra consists of strings and continuo
> Gregorian Chant - is a form of monophonic religious music in Western Christianity > New forms: binary – AB, ternary – ABC 
that accompanied the celebration of mass and other ritual services. > ground bass
> The earliest notation used symbol called neumes to indicate tone-movements and > fugue
relative duration within each syllable but not specific pitches of individual notes. By the 13th
century the neumes of Gregorian chant were usually written in square notation on a four-line BAROQUE
staff with a clef.
>Gregorian chant is written in Latin and was normally sung in unison without
instruments (acapella) so its texture is monophonic. There isn’t a beat or regular metric
accent
2.) Secular Music

> During the latter part of the Medieval Period, Secular music which was not bound
by Catholic traditions emerged. Most of these songs were performed across Europe by groups
of wandering poet musicians called Troubadours.
> Troubadour is the generic term for poets and minstrels who flourished in Southern
France and in Northern Italy from the 11th through the 13th centuries.
RENAISSANCE PERIOD – VOCAL MUSIC
1. MASS – is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy
into music.
Characteristics of the Mass:

 Polyphonic
 May be sung a capella or with orchestral accompaniment
 Text may be syllabic (one note set to each syllable), neumatic (a few notes set to one
syllable), or melismatic (many notes to one syllable)
Five main sections of Mass:

1. Kyrie –“Lord Have Mercy” (The only section with Greek Text) (Panginoon maawa ka)
2. Gloria –“Glory to God in the Highest” (Luwalhati sa Diyos sa Kaitaasan)
3. Credo –“The Apostles Creed” or “Nicean Creed” (Sumasampalataya Ako)
4. Sanctus and Benedictus –“Holy, Holy, “and “Blessed Is He” (Santo, Santo)
5. Agnus Dei –“Lamb of God” (Kordero ng Diyos)
2. MADRIGAL – A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It
was written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly Social gatherings. It is the
most important secular form during the Renaissance Period.
Characteristics of the Madrigal:

 Polyphonic  Through-composed
 Sung a capella  Frequently in 3 to 6 voices
BAROQUE PERIOD - CHARACTERISTICS

> Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental
> Melodies are not easy to sing or remember

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Handouts in Quarter 1 Music 9 by Pope Julius III.

Musical Description THOMAS MORLEY

2.) Secular Music

RENAISSANCE PERIOD – VOCAL MUSIC

Characteristics of the Mass:

Five main sections of Mass:

Characteristics of the Madrigal:

BAROQUE PERIOD - CHARACTERISTICS

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