Apsmo: Olympiad

Registered School: St Andrew's College Christchurch (CHRISTCHURCH )
APSMO OLYMPIAD
2016 : DIVISION S
WEDNESDAY 17 AUGUST 2016 4
Total Time Allowed: 28 Minutes
4A. Time: 4 minutes

Find the smallest positive integer value of N so that 2016 + N is a
perfect cube. ←
Please fold
4B. Time: 5 minutes over on the
A sixth grade class opened a time capsule and found some old line and write
photographs. If each student took 6 photos, there would be 74 your answers
remaining. If each student took 9 photos, there would be just 8 on the back
photos remaining.
How many photos were originally in the time capsule?
4C. Time: 5 minutes

The letters in each word in “Perth is a capital” 1. Perth is a capital
2. erthP si a apitalc
are cycled separately and placed in a numbered 3. rthPe is a pitalca
list as shown. •
•
•
For what value of N will “Perth is a capital” N. Perth is a capital
appear for the third time?
4D. Time: 7 minutes

The set {4, 5, 6} contains three consecutive integers which sum
to 15.
How many sets with two or more integers, all of which are
consecutive, sum to 15? Remember that integers can be positive,
negative or zero.
4E. Time: 7 minutes

A circular cylinder is 8 metres tall with a
A
circumference of 20 metres. Point A lies on the
edge of the top face, while point B, the furthest
point from A, lies on the bottom face as shown. string
The length of the shortest string starting at A

and ending at B, which wraps one-and-a-half B
times about the curved surface of the cylinder,
is N metres.
Find the whole number N.
Copyright © 2016 Australasian Problem Solving Mathematical Olympiads (APSMO) Inc and Mathematical Olympiads for Elementary and Middle Schools Inc. All rights reserved.
APSMO OLYMPIAD
2016 : DIVISION S
4A.
Student Name:
4B.
←
Please fold
over on the
line and write
your answers
in the boxes
4C.
4D.
4E.
APSMO OLYMPIAD
2016 : DIVISION S
Solutions and Answers
(Items in parentheses are not required)
4A: 181 4B: 206 4C: 141 4D: 7 4E: 964

4A. Strategy: Use educated guess and check.
Cube 20 to get 8000, which is much too big. Cube 10 to get 1000, which is too small but closer to the
desired result. Cube 13 to get 2197 which might be the closest cube greater than 2016. Cube 12 to get
1728 which is too small. Since 2197 – 2016 = 181, N = 181.
Follow-Up: When you square integers with a units digit of 0 or 1 the result has a units digit of 0 or 1 respectively.
List the units digits of all integers that share this property when the integer is cubed. [0, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 9]
4B. METHOD 1 Strategy: Apply algebra.

Let N = number of photos and let S = number of students. Then N = 6S + 74 and N = 9S + 8.
Therefore, 6S + 74 = 9S + 8 3S = 66 S = 22 students. Since the number of photos is N, substitute into
one of the equations to get N = 6 × 22 + 74 = 206.
METHOD 2 Strategy: Create a table of possible values.
# of students 10 15 20 21 22
6 photos each 60 + 74 = 134 90 + 74 = 164 120 + 74 = 194 126 + 74 = 200 132 + 74 = 206
9 photos each 90 + 8 = 98 135 + 8 = 143 180 + 8 = 188 189 + 8 = 197 198 + 8 = 206
Since the total number of pictures is the same with 22 students, there were 206 photos present.
Follow-Up: What is the lowest number, N, that when divided by 3 leaves a remainder of 2, when divided by 5
leaves a remainder of 3, and when divided by 7 leaves a remainder of 2? [23]
4C. METHOD 1 Strategy: Use the lowest common multiple (LCM).

The word “Perth” appears at list positions 1, 6, 11, …, 5K + 1, or every 5 places after the first.
The word “is” appears at list positions 1, 3, 5, …, 2L + 1, or every 2 places after the first.
The word “a” appears at every position.
The word “capital” appears at list positions 1, 8, 15, …, 7M + 1, or every 7 places after the first.
The LCM of 5, 2, 1, and 7 is 70 so the original expression appears in positions 1, 71, 141, 211, etc. and the
value of N, the third time it repeats, is 141.
METHOD 2 Strategy: Lengthen sentence one word at a time.

Note that “Perth” appears at list positions 1, 6, 11, …; “Perth is” appears at positions 1, 11, 21, 31, …; “Perth
is a” also appears at positions 1, 11, 21, 31, …; and “Perth is a capital” appears at positions 1, 71, 141, 211,
…. . So the third time is at position 141.
Follow-Up: Apply the same question to the expression “May you always be happy”. [61]
APSMO OLYMPIAD
2016 : DIVISION S
4D. METHOD 1 Strategy: Use additive inverses and the additive identity to help make a list.
Case 1: 1 element sets {15}. This is not counted but generates {–14, –13, –12, …, 12, 13, 14, 15}.
Case 2: 2 element sets {7, 8}. This set can be used to generate {–6, –5, –4, … 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.
Case 3: 3 element sets {4, 5, 6}. Generate the set {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Case 4: 4 element sets - there aren’t any.
Case 5: 5 element sets {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Generate the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
Altogether there are 1 + 2 + 2 + 0 + 2 or 7 sets.
METHOD 2 Strategy: Consider sets with an odd number and an even number of elements.
Let N be the number of elements in the set.

Case 1: When N is odd and a factor of 15, the median, 15 ÷ N, is an integer.
(1) N = 1 yields {15} – not included since we are only concerned with sets of 2 or more.
(2) N = 3 yields {4, 5, 6} – the median is underlined.
(3) N = 5 yields {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
(4) N = 15 yields {–6, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.
Case 2: For some even values of N, the median 15 ÷ N is a “half value” that lies between two of the
consecutive values in the set.
(1) N = 2 yields the median 15 ÷ 2 = 7.5 and determines the set {7, 8}.
(2) N = 6 yields the median 15 ÷ 6 = 2.5 and determines the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
(3) N = 10 yields the median 15 ÷ 10 = 1.5 and determines the set {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
(4) N = 30 yields the median 15 ÷ 30 = 0.5 and determines the set {–14, –13, … 0, 1, …, 13, 14, 15}.
Other even values of N do not yield a “half-value” for the median. Altogether there are 7 sets.
4E. Strategy: Visualise cutting the cylinder vertically through point A.

The result of cutting the cylinder vertically is a rectangle, the string will also be cut as seen in diagram I.
To consider the string as a continuous line, we can extend the rectangle by translating point B 20 metres
to the left and labeling it B′ as seen in diagram II.
Then AB’ is the shortest string.
We find AB′ by using the Pythagorean theorem: AB’ = 302 + 82 = 964
N = 964 so N = 964
A
20 A 10 20 A
string 8 8
B B’ B
B I II
Follow-Up: How long would the string have to be if it started at A and ended at B but wrapped around the
cylinder k times? [ 64 + 400k2 ]

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Registered School: St Andrew's College Christchurch (CHRISTCHURCH )

4A. Time: 4 minutes

4C. Time: 5 minutes

4D. Time: 7 minutes

4E. Time: 7 minutes

The length of the shortest string starting at A

4A: 181 4B: 206 4C: 141 4D: 7 4E: 964

4B. METHOD 1 Strategy: Apply algebra.

METHOD 2 Strategy: Create a table of possible values.

4C. METHOD 1 Strategy: Use the lowest common multiple (LCM).

METHOD 2 Strategy: Lengthen sentence one word at a time.

Let N be the number of elements in the set.

4E. Strategy: Visualise cutting the cylinder vertically through point A.

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Apsmo: Olympiad

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Apsmo: Olympiad

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Apsmo: Olympiad

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Registered School: St Andrew's College Christchurch (CHRISTCHURCH )

4A. Time: 4 minutes

4C. Time: 5 minutes

4D. Time: 7 minutes

4E. Time: 7 minutes

The length of the shortest string starting at A

4A: 181 4B: 206 4C: 141 4D: 7 4E: 964

4B. METHOD 1 Strategy: Apply algebra.

METHOD 2 Strategy: Create a table of possible values.

4C. METHOD 1 Strategy: Use the lowest common multiple (LCM).

METHOD 2 Strategy: Lengthen sentence one word at a time.

Let N be the number of elements in the set.

4E. Strategy: Visualise cutting the cylinder vertically through point A.

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4C. Time: 5 minutes