Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study employs a quantitative research design to systematically investigate the

impact of peer group activities on sleep deprivation among university students.
MEANING
Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify
patterns, relationships, and causality (Creswell & Creswell, 2017). This design is chosen
because it allows for the examination of the relationships between the frequency, type, timing,
and duration of peer group activities and their effects on sleep patterns through statistical
analysis, which is essential for addressing the research questions. The use of structured
instruments such as surveys and questionnaires enables the collection of objective, numerical
data that can be analyzed to determine significant correlations and differences. This approach
ensures that the study's findings are based on empirical evidence, enhancing the reliability and
validity of the results. The quantitative design is particularly suitable for measuring the extent to
which late-night activities affect sleep quality, thereby providing clear and measurable insights
into the phenomena under investigation.
SUBJECT AND STUDY SITE
The subjects of this study are students from (school), selected through a random
sampling method to ensure that the sample is representative of the broader student population.
The random sampling process is crucial for minimizing selection bias and enhancing the
generalizability of the findings. The inclusion criteria for participants will include students who
are actively enrolled in the university and engage in peer group activities regularly. This ensures
that the study captures a wide range of behaviors and their potential impacts on sleep patterns.
DATA INSTRUMENTATION
Questionnaires will be the primary data-gathering tool used in this study. These
questionnaires will be designed to measure the frequency, type, timing, and duration of peer
group activities, as well as the participants' sleep duration and quality. The psychometric
properties of the questionnaires will be assessed to ensure their validity and reliability. Validity
refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure, while
reliability refers to the consistency of the measurements over time.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The data gathering procedure for this quantitative study will involve a structured process
designed to ensure the accurate and reliable collection of data aligned with the research
questions. The researcher will first obtain necessary permissions from (school) administration to
distribute the questionnaires to the selected student participants. Once permissions are
secured, an online survey platform will be utilized to distribute the questionnaires, which are
designed to measure the frequency, type, timing, and duration of peer group activities, as well
as the sleep duration and quality of the participants. The role of the researcher will be to
oversee the distribution of the questionnaires, provide clear instructions to participants, and
ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the responses. Participants will be given a specific
timeframe to complete the questionnaires, after which the data will be collected and stored
securely for analysis. The researcher will also be responsible for addressing any questions or
concerns from participants during the data collection process, ensuring that the procedure is
smooth and ethical. This systematic approach to data gathering is intended to generate robust
data that can be statistically analyzed to address the research questions and contribute to a
comprehensive understanding of the impact of peer group activities on sleep deprivation among
university students.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Ethical considerations are paramount in this research to protect the rights and well-being
of the participants. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, ensuring that they are
fully aware of the study's purpose, procedures, and any potential risks or benefits involved. The
confidentiality and anonymity of participants will be strictly maintained, with data being stored
securely and accessed only by the research team. Participants will be informed that their
participation is voluntary and that they can withdraw from the study at any time without any
consequences. This adherence to ethical protocols ensures that the study is conducted with the
highest standards of integrity and respect for the participants' rights and dignity. Ethical
practices are essential to maintain the trust and cooperation of participants, thereby ensuring
the quality and credibility of the research outcomes.
DATA ANALYSIS
Once the data collection is complete, the responses will be statistically analyzed using software
such as SPSS. Descriptive statistics will summarize the basic features of the data, while
inferential statistics, such as correlation and regression analyses, will be used to identify and
quantify the relationships between peer group activities and sleep patterns. This systematic
approach to data gathering and analysis is intended to generate robust data that can be
statistically analyzed to address the research questions and contribute to a comprehensive
understanding of the impact of peer group activities on sleep deprivation among university
students.
References:
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches. Sage publications.
http://www.ceil-conicet.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Creswell-Cap-10.pdf

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RESEARCH DESIGN

This study employs a quantitative research design to systematically investigate the

SUBJECT AND STUDY SITE

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