An Societal Project Report

on
“SWACHH BHARAT MISSION”

Submitted by
MOHAMMED ABDUL JALEEL KAMRAN
(3VY22BA062)

Submitted to
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Dr. RAJSHEKHAR. B
Associate Professor
Department of Management Studies
Centre for PG Studies
Kalaburagi – 585105

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CENTRE FOR PG STUDIES
KUSNOOR ROAD, KALABURAGI – 585105, KARNATAKA
2022-2023
 Visvesvaraya Technological University
(State University of Government of Karnataka Established as per the VTU Act, 1994)
“Jnana Sangama” Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India

Dr. Shailaja Kheni Department of Management Studies

Programme Coordinator VTU’s CPGS, Kusnoor Road, Kalaburagi - 585105

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. MOHAMMED ABDUL JALEEL KAMRAN bearing USN
3VY22BA062, is a bona fide student of Master of Business Administration of Visvesvaraya
Technology University’s Centre for PG Studies, Kalaburagi affiliated to Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi. An Societal Project report on “SWACHH

BHARAT MISSION” is prepared by his under the guidance of Dr. Rajshekhar B, in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business
Administration of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka.

Signature of Signature of
Internal Guide Programme Coordinator
 DECLARATION

The student of Third Semester MBA declares that the Organisation study report on
“SWACHH BHARAT MISSION”. Is carried out by us at VTU’s CPGS Kalaburagi
as a partial fulfilment of academic requirement of MBA in under Visvesvaraya
Technological University. I have undergone an Societal Project for a period of One weeks. I
further declare that this Societal Project is based on the original study undertaken by me and
not being submitted for the award of any degree from any other university/institution.

Sl No. Reg No. Name of The Student Signature with Date

01 3VY22BA062 MOHAMMED ABDUL

JALEEL KAMRAN
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to Visvesvaraya Technological University Kalaburagi, for providing an

encouraging environment during our studies.

The satisfaction and that accompany the success of any task would be incomplete without the
mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement
crowned our efforts with success.

I take immense pleasure in thanking our regional director Dr. Basawaraj Gadgay VTU’s
CPGS Kalaburagi,

I would like to thank Dr. Shailaja Kheni programme coordinator department of MBA
VTU’s CPGS Kalaburagi, for her valuable guidance and encouragement without which I
would not have been able to complete this Organisation study.

I Would like to thank Dr. Rajshekhar. B project work Co-ordinator department of MBA
VTU’s CPGS Kalaburagi.

With deep sense of gratitude, I would like to acknowledge the help and encouragement of our
internal guide Dr. Rajshekhar. B, Associate Professor, department of MBA VTU’s CPGS
Kalaburagi.

I extend our thanks to the entire faculty of the department of Master of Business
Administration VTU’s CPGS Kalaburagi, who have encouraged me throughout this seminar.

Last but not the least, I thank our family and friends for their invaluable help and support
during the course of the seminar.

MOHAMMED ABDUL JALEEL KAMRAN

(3VY22BA062)
 SWACH BHARATH MISSION

INTRODUCTION
Swachhata that is cleanliness is the abstract state of being clean and the habit of achieving
and maintaining that state. Cleanliness may imply a moral quality, as indicated by the
aphorism “Cleanliness is next to godliness”, may be regarded as contributing to other ideals
such as health and beauty. As observed by Jacob Burckhardt. “Cleanliness is indispensable to
our modern notion of social perfection”. In hinduism, cleanliness is an important virtue and
the bhagvad gita describes it as one of the divine qualities which everyone must practice. The
Sanskrit word for cleanliness is “Saucam and Interestingly” the bhagvad gita repeats this
word in may slokas.
On a practical level, cleanliness is related to hygiene and disease prevention, where are talk
about hygiene and disease then it is necessary to add drinking water and sanitation with it.
Without proper sanitation we can’t keep our surroundings clear and prevent ourselves from
diseases. Around 1989 David Strachan put forth the “Hygiene Hypothesis” in the British
Medical journal that environmental microbes play a useful role in developing the immune
system, the fewer germs people are exposed to in early childhood and as adults. The
valuation of cleanliness, therefore has a social and cultural dimension beyond the
requirements of hygiene for practical purposes.
Mahatma Gandhi said “sanitation is more important independence”. He made cleanliness and
sanitation an integral part of Gandhian way of living. His dreams was total sanitation for all.
He use to emphasize that cleanliness is most important for physical well being and a healthy
environment.
Sanitation and drinking water in India has always been the central issue. However it
continues to be inadequate despite of the govt and communities to improve the coverage. The
rural sanitation programme in India was introduced on 1954 as a part of First Five Year plan
of govt of India. The 1981 census revealed that rural sanitation coverage was only 1%. The
govt has begun giving emphasis on rural sanitation after declaration of international decade
for drinking water and sanitation during 1981-90.
In 2015, 40% population has access to improved sanitation, 63% in urban and 29% in rural
area. In 2008, 88% of population in India had access to an improved water source but only
31% had access to improved sanitation. In rural area where 72% of India” s population lives,
the respective share is 84% for water and 21% of sanitation.
In the light of the above, on 2nd October, 2014, prime minister of India launched a national
wide cleanliness campaign called Swachh Bharat Mission. It is India’s largest ever

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cleanliness drive. The objectives of Swachh Bharat are to reduce or eliminate open defecation
through construction of individual, cluster and community toilets. The concept of SBM is to
provide sanitation facility to every family, including toilet, solid and liquid disposal system,
village cleanliness and safe and adequate drinking water. Under the mission, nearly 10crore
toilets will be constructed by 2019. Since the launch of SBM, nearly 2 crore toilets (nearly
20% of the target) have been built.
In order to accelerate the pace of work and aspect of behavioural change, it was envisaged
that the CBOs/NGOs have to be associated in the implementation of the mission in the rural
area. They are considered for active involvement in IEC activities including demand
generation, capacity building assistance in construction and ensuring sustained use of
facilities.
The SBM has made progress since it was launched in 2014. However, to be able to meet the
enormous challenge to making India ODF by 2019, the aspect of behavioural change and
inter personal communication have to be accelerated. As a result of continuous efforts by the
govt, CBOs/NGOs and communities, things are moving in the right direction. During last one
and half year many villages have been declared ODF village.

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

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 SWACH BHARATH MISSION

To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on safe
sanitation, the Prime Minister of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October,
2014. The Mission coordinator shall be secretary, Ministry of drinking water and sanitation
(MDWS) with two sub- missions, the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh
Bharat Mission (Urban), which aims to achieve Swachh Bharat by 2019, as a fitting tribute to
the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, which in rural areas shall mean improving
the levels of cleanliness in rural areas through solid and liquid waste management activities
and making Gram Panchayats Open Defecation Free (ODF), clean and sanitized. ODF would
mean the termination of faecal-oral transmission, defined by.
a. No visible faeces found in the environment /village.
b. Every household as well as public/community institutions using safe technology
option for disposal of faeces, as defined by the Ministry.
The Mission shall strive for this by removing the bottlenecks that were
hindering the progress, including partial funding for individual household latrines from
MGNREGS, and focusing on critical issues affecting outcomes.
GANDHIJI AND HIS ROLE IN SWACHHATA MISSION

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Gandhiji played a very important role in developing hygiene habits among people and wished
to see India like other nations. Personal hygiene not only makes you healthy but also helps in
the development of the nation because every year our country spends a lot of money on the
treatment of various diseases and most of the diseases are caused by unhealthy habits. This
money “So long as you do not take the broom and the bucket in your hands, you cannot make
your towns and cities clean”.
In India, there was a group marked as untouchables and cleaning was their duty. Gandhiji did
not follow any orthodoxy, he was iconoclast for the society and this caused him many
troubles but he never backed down. He believed that cleaning is an individual’s duty and
stated.
“So long as you do not take the broom and the bucket in your hand, you cannot make your
towns and cities clean”.

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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To achieve “Swachh Bharat” by 2019, the main objectives of the SBM(G)

are as under:
1. Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas, by
promoting cleanliness, hygiene and eliminating open defecation.
2. Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat
by 2nd October.
3. Motivate communities and panchayat raj institutions to adopt sustainable sanitation
practices and facilitates through awareness creation and health education.
4. Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and
sustainable sanitation.
5. Develop, wherever required, community managed sanitation systems focusing on
scientific solid and liquid waste management systems for all overall cleanliness in the
rural areas.
6. Create significant positive impact on gender and promote social inclusion by
improving sanitation especially in marginalized communities.
7. Elimination of open defecation.
8. Modern and scientific municipal solid waste management.
9. Eradication of manual scavenging.
10. Generate awareness about sanitation and its linkage with public health.
11. Capacity augmentation for ULB, s.
12. To effect behavioural change regarding healthy sanitation practices.

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PROBLEMS ON SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

 Toilet coverage: The states which recorded better toilet coverage also had a lower
share of households contribution to open defecation.
Sikkim, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, which had higher individual toilet
coverage, fared best in terms of rural sanitation.
 Usage: 6% of households in India reported open defecation despite having toilets.
 Access to water: It is important in determining toilet use. 63% of the households that
defecated in the open reported having toilets without running water.
States with poor access to water in toilets have a higher share of households
contributing to open defecation. Eg Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh and Bihar.
 Budget: The govt set aside Rs 9,000 crore for rural sanitation in the 2016-17 union
budget but this has been accompanied by declining funds for the National Rural
Drinking Water programme.
This is unlikely to help eradication open defecation.
 Caste-based discrimination: In the provision f water also seems to be responsible for
low toilet usage.
Out of the 102 hand-pumps constructed in village in Rajasthan in the last 10 years,
only two could be located in areas inhabited by lower-caste people.
With a regular toilet requiring at least 20-30 litres of water in a day for smooth
functioning, even obtaining a few litres every day is a struggle in these areas.
 Maintenance of toilets: It is critical to ensure usage.

BACKGROUND
In 2011, the census revealed that sanitation coverage as measured by the number of
households owing toilets was just 34% in rural India. An estimated 600 million people
defecated in the open, the highest of any country in the world. Coverage about open
defecation and contamination of drinking and bathing water in India prompted the govt to
take measures to deal with the problem.

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PREVIOUS SANITATON CAMPAIGNS

Since India’s independence in 1947, there have been three rural sanitation intervention
attempts prior to Swachh Bharat Mission: the central rural sanitation programme, the total
sanitation campaign, and the Normal Bharat Abhiyan. First formal sanitation programme was
first launched in 1954 as an extension of the First Five year plan of the govt of India. In 1982,
National sanitation coverage was just 2%. This was followed by the launch of the Central
Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986.
These where directed towards the construction of toilets; no behavioural change campaign
was carried out, and this supply-based approach did not result in broader social
transformation. The CRSP aimed to improve quality of life for rural people and emphasized
helping rural women with privacy and dignity. Sanitation increased marginally by 9%. These
were construction-led and achieved every little. The Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) was
started in 1999.

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RESEARCH METHODOLGY

The Swachh Bharat Mission is a cleanliness and sanitation campaign launched by the govt of
India in 2014. If you are looking to conduct research on the Swachh Bharat Mission and its
impact, you would typically follow a research methodology that includes following steps:
 Research objective: Clearly define the objective of your research. For example, you
may want to evaluate the effectiveness of the Swachh Bharat Mission in improving
sanitation conditions in a specific region or assess the awareness and perception of
people regarding cleanliness and hygiene.
 Literature review: Conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature, reports, and
studies related to the Swachh Bharat Mission.
 Research design: Depending on your research questions, you may choose qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed-method approaches. Consider the availability of data,
resources, and time constraints while selecting the appropriate research design.
 Data collection: This may involve surveys, interviews, observations, or document
analysis. Ensure that your data collection instruments are reliable and valid.
 Sampling: Consider the geographical area, demographic characteristics, and other
relevant factors while sampling.

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DATA ANALYSIS
Introduction:
The study explored the impact of implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission project and the
changes occur among the beneficiaries including PRI members and students of primary
school.
The study was carried out keeping in mind the objectives of the programme. Data collected
was compiled and tabulated. Analysis of the responses gathered from the responses led
towards major findings of the study.
Tabulation of data:
Principal objective of the study was to assess the impact of implementation of Swachh Bharat
Mission Project and involvement and participation of community in the programme.
It was also assessed the increases in awareness on cleanliness, health and hygiene among the
AFI functionaries. This chapter contains a qualitative content analysis of the responses
generated from all the respondents.
Analysis of data:
Qualitative survey research methodology was utilized in this study to determine the impact of
implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission project along with community perception towards
the programme.
Field observations and suggestion were documented to supplement the data collected and
then item wise data was analysed.

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FINDINGS
Among the feelings, the most important is that the villages were undoubtedly made aware of
the local health and hygiene issues affecting their community. The evidence was based on the
feedback from the villages on these talks showed SBM project an effective program. Some of
these are:

 The project aims to make the community aware about hygiene and sanitation. It was
observed household toilets in the study area have been increased and construction of
new toilets is in progress.

 It is important to mention here that the villagers are now able to comprehend the link
between cause of disease can be prevented by using toilet.

 Even, the persons not preferring toilets were found aware about importance of toilet
and it usage.

 Despite of this, use of toilet by all is a farfetched imagination. Just more than fifty
percent are using toilet whereas 30 percent of the respondents were found not
preferring toilet or the household is without toilet.

 It was found that the women who had toilet in their household tended to have hygiene.

 It was found that PRI members are more aware about construction of toilet in their
household however, contrary to this 60% of the PRI members does not know about the
SBM project.

 The study was that perception on hand wash was high and the practice on the same as
also found high.

 Even, the school going children were found aware about hand washing after using
toilet and before eating. Most importantly hand washing with soap-water was found in
practice.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
 Given the level and intensity of programme activities, it was difficult to achieve
percent community wide impact in such short duration. It is suggested that
programme should continued for longer duration, ideally for 3-4 years.
 Though, the programme has a great impact in the operational area however, there
is a need to constitute an implementation committee at the GP level in order to
ensure community participation in the programme.
 The members may be assigned to monitor the programme at the grass root level.

SUGGESTION
The Swachh Bharat Mission (clean India mission) is a nationwide campaign in India aimed at
achieving cleanliness, sanitation, and the eradication of open defecation.
1. Awareness and Education: Increase public awareness about the importance
of cleanliness and sanitation through campaigns, advertisements, and
community outreach programs.
2. Infrastructure Development: Invest in the development of proper sanitation
infrastructure, such as toilets, waste management systems, and sewage
treatment plants. Focus on both urban and rural areas to ensure access to
sanitation facilities for all.
3. Behavioural Change: Promote behavioural change through social messaging
campaigns.
4. Community Participation: Encourage active participation of local
communities in maintaining cleanliness.

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CONCLUSION
The study implementation of Swachh Bharat Mission project was conducted to assess the
impact of the programme on community along with evaluate the skill of functionaries. The
finding suggest that community members were inclined towards the cleanliness programme
and desired maintain continuity of activities conducted between AFI.
The perception of the community particularly the women regarding the public health and
hygiene issues is an important influencing factor in conditioning the practice of hygiene in
the community.
One of the most difficult aspect of community level programme is ensuring sufficient
penetration and reach across a community to attain population-level impact. Thus, although
specific programme component may be effective, the lower level of involvement in
individual level behavioural change programme limits the community wide impact.

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REFERENCE

1. “Swachh Bharat Mission” (Grameen) phase 2 launched with an outlay of Rs 1.4 lakh
crore.

2. “Restructuring of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan into Swachh Bharat Mission”.

3. “Swachh Bharat Mission” phase 2 guidelines released.

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