4

2 (a) The symbols of the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table are shown.

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Use the symbols of the elements in Period 3 to answer the questions that follow.
Each symbol may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Give the symbol of the element that:

(i) is present in purified bauxite ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� [1]

(ii) contains atoms with a full outer shell of electrons �������������������������������������������������������� [1]

(iii) is used to kill microbes in water treatment �������������������������������������������������������������������� [1]

(iv) forms an amphoteric oxide ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� [1]

(v) forms an oxide which causes acid rain ������������������������������������������������������������������������� [1]

(vi) has an oxidation number of –1 when it forms a compound with hydrogen.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) The relative atomic masses of elements can be calculated from the relative masses of isotopes
and their percentage abundances.

(i) Identify the isotope to which all relative masses are compared.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Table 2.1 shows the relative masses and the percentage abundances of the two isotopes
in a sample of magnesium.

Table 2.1

relative mass of isotope percentage abundance of isotope

24 85
26 15

Calculate the relative atomic mass of magnesium to one decimal place.

 relative atomic mass = .............................. [2]

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(c) An ion contains 10 electrons, 13 protons and 14 neutrons.

(i) State the nucleon number of the ion.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Identify the element that forms this ion.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

 [Total: 11]

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3 Magnesium forms ionic compounds.

(a) M
 agnesium reacts with fluorine to form the ionic compound magnesium fluoride.
The electronic configurations of an atom of magnesium and an atom of fluorine are shown in
Fig. 3.1.

magnesium atom fluorine atom

Mg F

Fig. 3.1

(i) Ions are formed by the transfer of electrons from magnesium atoms to fluorine atoms.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagrams in Fig. 3.2 to show the electronic configurations of
one magnesium ion and one fluoride ion. Show the charges on the ions.

magnesium ion fluoride ion

..... .....

Mg F

Fig. 3.2
[3]

(ii) Deduce the formula of magnesium fluoride.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii)  hen solid magnesium fluoride is dissolved in water it forms a solution that conducts
W
electricity.

State one other change that can be made to solid magnesium fluoride to allow it to conduct
electricity.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

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(c) The equation for the reaction is shown.

Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

25.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol / dm3 H2SO4(aq) is added to excess zinc.

Calculate the volume of H2 formed at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). The volume of
one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at r.t.p.
Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of H2SO4 used.

 .............................. mol

● Deduce the number of moles of H2 produced.

 .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of H2 formed at r.t.p.

 .............................. dm3
[3]

(d) Hydrogen can also be produced by the reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(i) Write a symbol equation for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) State the test for hydrogen gas.

test .......................................................................................................................................

positive result .......................................................................................................................

[1]

 [Total: 10]

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7 This question is about organic compounds.

(a) Propane and chlorine react at room temperature. An equation for the reaction is shown.

C3H8 + Cl 2 → C3H7Cl + HCl

(i) State the condition required for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Draw the displayed formulae of two structural isomers with the formula C3H7Cl.

[2]

(b) Alkenes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons.

(i) State two characteristics that all members of the same homologous series have in
common.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Addition polymers are made from alkenes.

Complete Fig. 7.1 to show one repeat unit of the addition polymer formed from but-2-ene.

C C

Fig. 7.1
[2]

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(c) A repeat unit of a condensation polymer is shown in Fig. 7.2.

The polymer is made from two monomers.

O O

C CH2 C O CH2CH2 O

Fig. 7.2

(i) Draw the structures of the monomers used to produce the polymer in Fig. 7.2.

[2]

(ii) Name the type of condensation polymer in Fig. 7.2.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Name the two homologous series to which the monomers in (i) belong.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

 [Total: 12]

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