Module 9 10

JANDEL
DELA CRUZ
MODULE 9
Problem Solving in ICT,
Big Data Analytics and AI
B. BIG DATA
ANALYTICS
Big Data is a collection of data that is huge
in volume, yet growing exponentially with
time. It is data with so large size and
complexity that none of the traditional data
management tools can store it or process it
efficiently. Big data is also data but with
huge size.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIG DATA
Volume Variety  Velocity Variability
Velocit
y
The name Big Data itself The next aspect of Big – The term 'velocity refers to This refers to the
is related to an enormous Data is its variety. the speed of generation of inconsistency which can be
size. The size of data Variety refers to data. How fast the data shown by the data at times,
plays a very crucial role in heterogeneous is generated and processed thus hampering the process
determining the value out sources and the nature to meet the demands, of being able to handle and
of data. of data, both structured determines real potential in manage the data effectively.
and unstructured. the data.
TYPES OF BIG DATA
STRUCTURED UNSTRUCTURED
is information that is unorganized and
does not fall into a predetermined
data consists of information already model or format. It includes data
managed by the organization in gathered from social media sources,
databases and spreadsheets; it is which help institutions gather
frequently numeric. information on customer needs.
BENEFITS OF BIG DATA PROCESSING
Businesses can utilize outside Better operational efficiency

Improved customer service
intelligence while taking Big Data technologies can be
Traditional customer feedback Early identification of
decisions used for creating a staging
systems are getting replaced risk to the
Access to social data from area or landing zone for new
by new systems designed with product/services, if
search engines and sites like data before identifying what
Big Data technologies. In these any
Facebook, Twitter is enabling data should be moved to the
new systems, Big Data and
organizations to fine-tune data warehouse.
natural language processing
their business strategies.
technologies are being used to Big Data analytics examples: stock exchanges,
read and evaluate consumer social media sites, jet engines
C. ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the
simulation of human intelligence in
machines that are programmed to think
like humans and mimic their actions. The
term may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits associated
with a human mind such as learning and
problem-
solving.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CATEGORIES:
WEAK ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRONG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
embodies a system designed to carry are systems that carry on the tasks
out one particular job. considered to be
Weak AI systems include video games human-like. These tend to be more
such as the chess example from above complex and complicated systems.
and personal They are programmed
assistants such as Amazon's Alexa and to handle situations in which they may
Apple's Siri. be required to problem solve without
having a person
MODULE 10
Recent and Emerging
Technologies & Some
Grand Challenges in ICT
A. RECENT AND EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the billions
of physical devices around the world that
are now connected to the internet, all
collecting and sharing data.
The Internet of things (IoT) describes the
network of physical objects—"things"—that are
embedded with sensors, software, and other
technologies to connect and exchange data
with other devices and systems over the
Internet.
IOT BENEFITS TO ORGANIZATIONS
make better business generate more

onitor their overall save time and money;
decisions; and revenue.
business processes;
enhance employee
productivity;
improve the customer
experience (CX);
integrate and adapt
IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses business models;
and gives them the tools to improve their business strategies.ubheading
PROS AND CONS OF IOT
PROS CONS
As the number of connected devices increases
and more information is shared
 =ability to access information from anywhere at any time
between devices, the potential that a hacker
on any device;
could steal confidential information also
= improved communication between connected electronic
increases.
devices;
= transferring data packets over a connected network Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive
saving time and money; and numbers -- maybe even millions -- of IoT devices,
 =automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a and collecting and managing the data from all those
business's services and reducing the need for human devices will be challenging.
intervention.  If there's a bug in the system, every connected
device will likely become corrupted.

GRAPHICS PROCESSING
A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a chip
UNIT or electronic circuit capable of rendering
graphics for display on an electronic device.
The GPU was introduced to the wider
market in 1999 and is best known for its use
in providing the smooth graphics that
consumers expect in modern videos and
games.
NEURAL PROCESSING UNIT
is a specialized circuit that implements all
(NPU) the necessary control and arithmetic logic
necessary to execute machine learning
algorithms, typically by operating on
predictive models such as artificial neural
networks (ANNs) or random forests (RFs).
CLASSIFICATION
TRAINING INFERENCE -
NPUs designed to accelerate training is designed to NPUs designed to accelerate inference

accelerate the curating of new models. This is a operate on complete models.
highly compute-intensive operation that involves Inference accelerators are designed to
inputting an existing dataset (typically tagged) and input a new piece of data (e.g., a new
iterating over the dataset, adjusting model weights camera shot), process it through the
and biases to ensure an ever-more accurate model. already trained model, and generate a
Correcting a wrong prediction involves propagating result.
back through the layers of the network and guessing
a correction. .
CHALLENGE OF ICT
Natural intelligence (NI) is the opposite of artificial intelligence:
it is all the systems of control present in biology. Normally when
we think of NI we think about how an animal or human brains
function, but there is more to natural intelligence than
neuroscience. Nature also demonstrates non-neural control in
plants and protozoa, as well as distributed intelligence in
colony species like ants, hyenas, and humans. Our behavior co
evolves with the rest of our bodies, and in response to our
changing environment. Understanding natural intelligence
requires understanding all of these influences on behavior and
their interactions.
IOT CHALLENGES
1. Security 2. Regulation 3. Compatibility 4. Bandwidth 5. Customer

expectations
CHALLENGES IN DEEP LEARNING
e. Neural networks are

a. Lots and lots of data c. Hyperparameter
essentially a Blackbox
Optimization
d. Requires high-
performance hardware
b. Overfitting in neural
networks
f. Lack of Flexibility
and Multitasking

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JANDEL

Businesses can utilize outside Better operational efficiency

WEAK ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRONG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

make better business generate more

NPUs designed to accelerate training is designed to NPUs designed to accelerate inference

1. Security 2. Regulation 3. Compatibility 4. Bandwidth 5. Customer

e. Neural networks are

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