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Tutorial 3 Memo

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5 views

Tutorial 3 Memo

Uploaded by

Sbongokuhle Mhlungu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN 2024

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


MEC2047S – Engineering Dynamics Memo - Tutorial 3

1. Motor M is pulling a mine cart up a ramp by spooling


cable onto a drum, as shown.
(a) Determine the relationship between the velocity of
the cart (A) and the particle P, which represents the speed
at which the motor is reeling in cable.
(b) Determine the speed of cart A if the motor winds the
cable onto a drum of diameter 0.3 m at a rate of 50 RPM.
Ignore the thickening effect of the cable on the drum.
F12-43 adapted
(a)
Notice that particle P could be anywhere on the rope. Therefore, to simplify the problem, move
particle P away. Then, define a datum for each particle and, based thereon, define the particle
positions:

Build an equation for the total rope length (ignoring s_P):


𝑙 = 𝑠 ∗ + 𝑙 + 𝑙 + 𝑠 + 𝑠 + (𝑠 − 𝑙 ) + (𝑠 − 𝑙 )
∴ 𝑙 = 𝑠 ∗ + 4𝑠 + 2𝑙 − 2𝑙
Differentiate by time to get the velocioty equation:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑙 ) = (𝑠 ∗ ) + (4𝑠 ) + (2𝑙 ) − (2𝑙 )
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∴ 0 = 𝑣 ∗ + 4𝑣 + 0 + 0
𝑣 ∗
∴𝑣 =− m/s
4
Since 𝑠 = −𝑠 ∗ :
𝑣
𝑣 = m/s
4

(b)
Find 𝑣 from the motor RPM:
rev 2𝜋 rad 1 min 0.3 m
𝑣 =𝜔 𝑟 = 50 × × = 0.785 m/s
min 1 rev 60 s 2
Subst. into the equation to solve:
𝑣 0.785
𝑣 =− =− = 0.196 m/s up the slope
4 4
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN 2024
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MEC2047S – Engineering Dynamics Memo - Tutorial 3

2. Collars A and B slide along the fixed rods and are


connected by a cord of length L. If collar A has a
velocity 𝑣 = 𝑥̇ to the right, express the velocity 𝑣 =
𝑠̇ of B in terms of 𝑥, 𝑣 , and 𝑠.
MK 2/185

Although it doesn’t look like the pulley problems we’ve done so far, this is another example of
constrained or “dependent” motion. As with the pulley examples, the constraint bonding the two
particles in this case is still that the length of the rope connecting them is constant.
Since the question already suggests some suitable datums for each particle, we can jump straight into
relating the positions of A and B to the rope length L. For this, we can use the cos rule:

√2
𝐿 = 𝑥 + 𝑠 − 2(𝑥)(𝑠) cos(180° − 45°) = 𝑥 + 𝑠 + 2 (𝑥)(𝑠) = 𝑥 + 𝑠 + √2𝑥𝑠
2

Then differentiate by time:


𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝐿 ) = (𝑥 ) + (𝑠 ) + √2 (𝑥𝑠)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
∴ 0 = 2𝑥(𝑥̇ ) + 2𝑠(𝑠̇ ) + √2𝑥̇ 𝑠 + √2𝑥𝑠̇

∴ 0 = 𝑥̇ 2𝑥 + √2𝑠 + 𝑠̇ 2𝑠 + √2𝑥

Subst. in 𝑣 = 𝑠̇ and 𝑣 = 𝑥̇ :

∴ 0 = 𝑣 2𝑥 + √2𝑠 + 𝑣 2𝑠 + √2𝑥

𝑣 2𝑥 + √2𝑠
∴𝑣 =−
2𝑠 + √2𝑥
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN 2024
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MEC2047S – Engineering Dynamics Memo - Tutorial 3

3. A man walks at 5 km/h in the direction of a 20-km/h


wind. If raindrops fall vertically at 7 km/h in still air,
determine the direction in and velocity at which the
drops appear to fall with respect to the man. Assume
the horizontal speed of the raindrops is equal to that of
the wind. H12-230
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN 2024
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MEC2047S – Engineering Dynamics Memo - Tutorial 3

4. At the instant shown car A is traveling with a


velocity of 30 m/s and has an acceleration of 2 m/s2
along the highway. At the same instant B is traveling
on the trumpet interchange curve with a speed of 15
m/s, which is decreasing at 0.8 m/s2. Determine the
relative velocity and relative acceleration of B with
respect to A at this instant. H 12-228

This example requires you to use a combination of rectilinear and normal–tangential coordinates to
get the final answer. Begin with the relative motion equation:

You could also solve this problem diagrammatically:


UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN 2024
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MEC2047S – Engineering Dynamics Memo - Tutorial 3
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN 2024
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MEC2047S – Engineering Dynamics Memo - Tutorial 3

5. Rotation of bar OA is controlled by the lead screw


which imparts a horizontal velocity v to collar C and
causes pin P to travel along the smooth slot. Find the
angular velocity of P around O at the instant when ℎ =
160 mm, 𝑥 = 120 mm, and 𝑣 = 25 mm/s.
MK 2/110 adapted

The easiest way to solve this problem is by using polar coordinates: the question is essentially asking
for 𝜃̇. We have been given the resultant velocity of P, which is v, which lies in the x-direction.

Given: 𝑣 = 25 mm/s Unknown: 𝜃, 𝜃̇ , 𝜃̈ , 𝑟, 𝑟̇ , 𝑟̈

We know: 𝑣⃗ = 𝑟̇ 𝑒̂ + 𝑟𝜃̇ 𝑒̂ . Therefore, we can use trig to the 𝜃-component of the velocity. However,
we will first need to find 𝜃 for the instant shown.

𝑥
tan 𝜃 =
ℎ
𝑥 120
∴ 𝜃 = arctan = arctan = 36.9°
ℎ 160
𝑣
sin(90 − 𝜃) =
𝑣
∴ 𝑣 = 𝑣(sin(90 − 𝜃)) = (25)(sin(90 − 36.9)) = 20 mm/s

We know: 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜃̇, so we just need 𝑟 to be able to find 𝜃̇.

𝑟= ℎ +𝑥 = 160 + 120 = 200 mm


𝑣 20
𝜃̇ = = = 0.1 rad/s
𝑟 200

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