August 13 Stat Module

BASIC STATISTICS MODULE
STATISTICS
❖ Ancient Egypt used statistics to count the number of heads of families, while ancient Judea and the
Romans used it to estimate population. The process of determining the population is now popularly
known as census.
STATISTICS is derived from the new Latin word statisticum (“council of state”) and the Italian
word statista (“statesman” or ‘’politician”). It can be said that statistics has developed from
government records.
• STATISTICS – is a branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific collection, organization,
presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data in order to obtain useful and meaningful
information.
➢ Collection refers to the gathering of information or data.

➢ Organization or presentation involves summarizing data or information in textual, graphical, or tabular
forms.
➢ Analysis involves describing the data by using statistical methods or procedures.
➢ Interpretation refers to the process of making conclusions based on the analyzed data.
IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS
1) Everybody watches weather forecasting. Have you ever think how do you get that information? There are
some computers models build on statistical concepts. These computer models compare prior weather with
the current weather and predict future weather.
2) Statistics mostly used by the researcher. They use their statistical skills to collect the relevant data.
Otherwise, it results in a loss of money, time and data.
3) What do you understand by insurance? Everybody has some kind of insurance, whether it is medical,
home or any other insurance. Based on an individual application some businesses use statistical models
to calculate the risk of giving insurance.
4) In financial market also statistic plays a great role. Statistics are the key of how traders and businessmen
invest and make money.
5) Statistics play a big role in the medical field. Before any drugs prescribed, scientist must show a
statistically valid rate of effectiveness. Statistics are behind all the study of medical.
6) Statistical concepts are used in quality testing. Companies make many products on a daily basis and every
company should make sure that they sold the best quality items. But companies cannot test all the products,
so they use statistics sample.
7) In everyday life we make many predictions. For examples, we keep the alarm for the morning when we
don’t know that we will be alive in the morning or not. Here we use statistics basics to make predictions.
8) Doctors predict disease on based on statistics concepts. Suppose a survey shows that 75%-80% people
have cancer and not able to find the reason. When the statistics become involved, then you can have a
better idea of how the cancer may affect your body or is smoking is the major reason for it.
9) News reporter makes a prediction of winner for elections based on political campaigns. Here statistics
play a strong part in who will be your governments.
10) Statistics data allow us to collect the information around the world. The internet is a devise which help us
to collect the information. The fundamental behind the internet is based on statistics and mathematics
concepts.
OTHER APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS

1
1. In Business
A business firm collects and gathers data or information from its everyday operation. Statistics is used to
summarize and describe those data such as the amount of sales, expenditures, and production to enable
the management to understand and determine the status of the firm. These data will provide the
management baseline data to make wise decisions pertaining to the operation of the business.
2. In Education
Through statistical tool, a teacher can determine the effectiveness of a particular teaching method by
analyzing test scores obtained by the students. Results of this study may be used to improve teaching-
learning activities.
3. In Psychology
Psychologists are able to interpret meaningful aptitude tests, IQ tests, and other psychological tests using
statistical procedures or tools.
4. In Politics and Government
Public opinion and election polls are commonly used to assess the opinions or preferences of the public
for issues or candidates of interest. Statistics plays an important role in conducting surveys or interviews
for that purpose.
5. In Medicine
Statistics is also used in determining the effectiveness of new drug products in treating a particular type
of disease. To illustrate, a drug company wants to test the effectiveness of its new drug products in treating
tuberculosis. An experiment or a clinical trial is conducted. Ten tuberculosis patients are treated using the
new drug product and another ten are treated using the existing product. The results are analyzed
statistically to find out if the new product is more effective in treating tuberculosis.
6. In Agriculture
Through statistical tools, an agriculturist can determine the effectiveness of a new fertilizer in the growth
of plants or crops. Moreover, crop production and yield can be better analyzed through the use of statistical
methods.
7. In entertainment
The most favorite actresses and actors can be determined by using surveys. Ratings of the members of the
board of judges in a beauty contest are statistically analyzed. Interviews are used to determine the most
widely viewed television show.
8. In Everyday Life
The number of cars passing through streets or a highway are recorded to enable traffic enforcers to manage
efficiently. Even the number of pedestrians crossing the street, number of people entering a warehouse or
a department store, and the number of people engaged in video games involve the use of statistics.
TWO TYPES OF STATISTICS

1. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS is a statistical method concerned with describing the properties and
characteristics of a group of persons, places, or thing. It involves data gathering, organizing describing and
presenting this information. The data can be analyzed by simply having to look at the information provided
and the manner in which it is arranged.
Examples: We may describe a collection of persons by stating
✓ how many are males and how many are females,
✓ how many are poor and how many are rich,
✓ how many are literate and how many are illiterate,
We may also describe a particular barangay in terms of the
✓ number of families it has,
✓ number of grade schoolers,
✓ number of professionals,
✓ number of households with certain kinds of appliances.
2. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS is a statistical method/procedure concerned with drawing inference or
information about the properties or characteristics of a population by studying its representative sample.
Examples: To enable us to draw a conclusion or inference about the characteristic of a large group
by using only a small portion or part of that group, we have to use inferential statistics.
2
Examples:
1. A teacher computes the average grade of her students and then determines the top ten students.
Descriptive
2. A student manager of a business firm predicts future sales of the company based on the sales.
Descriptive
3. A psychologist investigates if there is a significant relationship between mental age and chronological
age.
Inferential
4. A researcher studies the effectiveness of a new fertilizer to increase food production.

Descriptive
5. A janitor counts the number of various furniture inside the school.

Descriptive
6. A sports journalist determines the most popular basketball player for this year.
Inferential
7. A school administrator forecast future expansion of a school.

Inferential
8. A market vendor investigates the most popular brand of vinegar.

Inferential
9. An engineer calculates the average height of the building along Taft Avenue.
Descriptive
10. A dermatologist tests the relative effectiveness of a new brand of medicine in curing pimples and other
skin diseases.
Inferential
Determine whether the following situations will make use of descriptive (D) or
ACTIVITY
inferential statistics (I). Write your answer in a one-fourth sheet of paper
1. The school nurse identifies the percentage of males and females of this school year.
2. The ecologist identifies the mean pH level of canals in a city.
3. A psychologist identifies the effectiveness of a certain drug in the Philippines.
4. The school janitor counts the total number of chairs used in each classroom of Saint Louis College.
5. An office clerk finds the mean GWA of Grade 10 students for the upcoming PAASCU visitation
REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions
How important is statistics in real life?

Statistics is very important in real life. It keeps us informed about, what is happening in the
world around us. Statistics are important because today we live in the information world and
much of this information's are determined mathematically by Statistics Help. It means to be
informed correct data and statics concepts are necessary.

August 13 Stat Module

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

August 13 Stat Module

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

August 13 Stat Module

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BASIC STATISTICS MODULE

➢ Collection refers to the gathering of information or data.

OTHER APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS

TWO TYPES OF STATISTICS

4. A researcher studies the effectiveness of a new fertilizer to increase food production.

5. A janitor counts the number of various furniture inside the school.

7. A school administrator forecast future expansion of a school.

8. A market vendor investigates the most popular brand of vinegar.

REVISED KNOWLEDGE: Actual answer to the process questions/ focus questions

How important is statistics in real life?

You might also like