CHAPTER ONE

1.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives a brief history of SIWES, its aims and objectives, as well as a short
narrative on my application and posting. It also introduces intelligent solution providers
(ISP) of Computer, where I had my SIWES training.

1.2 ABOUT STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a worldwide program practiced
in countries like Japan, Australia, USA, Europe, and in African countries too. It is popularly
known as co-operative education and referred to as sandwich in Europe. It is a six (6)
months students industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) taken in the third year of the
degree program, where the students go to various establishments related to their course of
study.
The program was initially introduced in Nigeria by the Industrial Training Fund (I.T.F.)
which was established under Decree 47 of 1972 by the Supreme Military Council, headed
by General Yakubu Gowon. The Decree was billed to take effect from 31st March, 1974
and had as its core objective, the gradual reduction of the percentage of foreign
participation in most of Nigeria’s economic activities, accompanied by a systematic
cooperation of locally oriented skilled manpower into the vast economic sector.
One of the key functions of the ITF is to work as cooperative body with industry and
commerce where students in institutions of higher learning can undertake mid-career work
experience attachment in industries which are compatible with student’s area of study. The
students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill Training program designed
to expose and prepare students for the Industrial work situation which they are likely to
meet after graduation. Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for
the award of diploma and degree certificate in specific disciplines in most institutions of
higher learning in the country in accordance with the education policy of government.

1.3 BRIEF HISTORY OF SIWES

The word SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) was introduce by the
federal government in the year 1973 to develop the technological, physical and social skill

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 of our nation, through this, adequate and intelligent student are provide the department
involved the actual challenge various discipline before they can be awarded as am National
Diploma (ND) graduate.
1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
i. Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience in their approved course of study and also by interacting with people with
more experience in the field under consideration.
ii. Prepare students for the industrial work situation which they are likely to meet after
graduation.
iii. Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that are mostly not available in their various institutions.
iv. Provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real world situation
thereby reducing the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical work.
v. Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process and prepare
students for employment in Industry and Commerce.

1.5 ROLES OF STUDENT

i. Attend SIWES orientation program before going on attachment.
ii. Comply with the establishment’s rule and regulation.
iii. Arrange living accommodation during the period of attachment.
iv. Record all training activity done and other assignment in the log book.
v. Complete SPEI from ITF, FORM 8 and get it endorsed by the employer for submission to
the ITF.

1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT

The objectives of the SIWES report are;
i. To make through explanation of the work done during my four-month industrial training.
ii. To fulfill the requirement for national diploma in computer science.
iii. To contribute to the body of knowledge and to enhance the understanding of the writer
about a similar or same job.

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1.7 THE LOGBOOK
The logbook issued to student on attachment by the institution was used to record all daily
activities that took place during the period of attachment, and it was checked and endorse
by the industry based/institution based supervisors and ITF during supervision.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 INTRODUCTION

We were introduced to Dicon training centre and we were told about some of the main aim and
objectives of Dicon. Which was to operate, to maintain and control the factories for the
manufacturing of material which was primarily establish to produce small arms and ammunition
for the use of the Nigeria army and other security agencies.

The establishment of the defence industries corporation of Nigeria (Dicon) was centered on the
need to acquire a measure of self sufficiency in the production and maintainance of military hard-
ward. Dicon was established in the year 1964 with the assistance if Fritz Wemer of German and
test production commenced in 1967.

2.2 BRIEF HISTORY OF DICON

Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON) is the state-run defense corporation of

Nigeria and operated by the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is responsible for the production of defense
equipment and civilian products.

DICON was established in 1964 through an act of parliament in the Nigerian National Assembly.[3]

From 2018 to March 2021, Major General Victor Okwudili Ezugwu was appointed as DICON's
director-general.

Major General MO Uzoh was appointed DG in March 2021.

It makes licensed copies of the Mills M36M (M36) handgrenade, Browning P-35 (NP-1)
pistol, Beretta M12 (PMG-12) submachine gun, Beretta BM59 and FN FAL (NR1 Model 7.62)
battle rifles, FN MAG (GPMG) machinegun, and RPG-7 (RPG) rocket launcher. The OBJ-006, a
copy of the 7.62mm AK-47 assault rifle, is produced by DICON in 2006.

DICON has recently procured rights to manufacture a copy of the Polish assault rifle, possibly to
replace the FAL and/or AK-47 in service.

From 2012 to 2019, DICON and Marom Dolphin signed an agreement to establish a joint venture
to produce ballistic vests. In 2013, DICON officials denied allegations that Nigerian-made ballistic
vests from DICON factories are made under substandard conditions. After the contract expiration

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with Marom Dolphin, DICON Special Equipment was birthed, which is a collaboration between
DICON and Imperium Industries Nig. Ltd.

The DICON Special Equipment specializes in the production of bulletproof vests, Helmets,
Coveralls, Uniforms and other related items.

On October 3, 2019, DICON unveiled its first armored vehicle, known as the Ezugwu MRAP. The
MRAP was made in collaboration with the Nigerian Army Command Engineering Depot. It was
named after Major General Victor Ezugwu, who was known for his efforts in fighting against Boko
Haram, who is the director-general of DICON at the end of 2018. This was publicly shown in a
ceremony by Chief of Army Staff Lt. Gen. Tukur Buratai at the Abuja International Trade Fair
Complex during a Nigerian Army Day event.

In the coronavirus outbreak in 2020, DICON has produced ventilators, face shields, face masks
and hand sanitizers.

2.3 ORGANOGRAM OF DICON

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2.4 OBJECTIVES OF DICON

Dicon was established to provide an avenue for students in tertiary institutions to industrial skills
and experience in their course of study.

 To exposed student to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machineries
that may not be available in the institution.
 To prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after graduation
 To provide student to apply their theoretical knowledge in real work situation there by bridging
the gap between the university work and the actual work practices.
 To expose students to the relevance of their profession to the relevance of their profession to
the society
 To exposed student to the latest technological development in their chosen profession

2.5 VISION STATEMENT OF DICON

The vision statement is a cooperation built on a sound commercial footing to continuously
produce and constantly improve on the quality of arms and ammunition need of the defence,
security and foreign policies of Nigeria in compliance with the best international standards.
2.5.1 MISSION STATEMENT OF DICON
The corporation mission statement is to operate ordnance factories for the manufacture and
supply of arms and ammunition as well as inspecting and testing and recommending ordnance
material intended for used by the armed forces and other security organizations while usiong
excess capacity to support the development of local industries.

2.6 Safety Rules and Regulations

Take responsibility for your personal safety.
 Maintain a clean work space
 Follow work procedure
 Learn how to act in an emergency
 Report accident if they occur
 Lift object carefully
 Operate machinery that you are familiar with

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  Wear safety goggle
 Wear safety gear
 Follow the dress code
 Keep exit s clean
 Ask for help
 Follow safety guide
 Wear ear muff
 Fire extinguisher
 Reflecting jacket \
 Wear helmet

2.7 DEVELOPMENT FROM DICON TRAINING CENTRE TO R AND D CENTRE AND

DEVELOPMENT CENTRE DICON AND TTS VISION

The research and development centre is saddled with the following responsibility
i. New product research
ii. New product development
iii. Staying ahead of trends, existing product update
iv. Also achieving through intervention initiative

R And D Centre Orientation Commences Was Done At Technical Training School

Technical Training School: the corporation has a technical training school located within
the premises of the ordnance factories complex. The school runs in house and on the job
training and other training programme for clients on request efforts are under way to
upgrade the school accredited and specialized school where engineers and technicians can
acquire relevant skill in armament production and other industrial skills

Introduction to some laboratories in the R and D centre and also introduce to some of the
staffs

i. Mechanical laboratory
 Driving machine:
Rock well hardness tester etc are located in the mechanical laboratory

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  Lathe machine
 Milling machine
ii. Chemical laboratory
 Hot mounting press machine
 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)
 Drying oven
 Weighing balance
iii. Material testing laboratory
 Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA)
 Digital weighing balance
 Schmadzu Fourier transform infrared spectrometer etc.
iv. Metallurgical laboratory
 Spectro max metal analyzer
 Precision cutting machine
 Metallurgical microscope etc this are found in the metallurgical lab.
 Grinding and polishing machine \
 Four back friction testing machine

We visited some of the laboratories and were shown some of the equipments and its uses with
function.

2.7.1 Machine and equipment used in the metallurgical laboratory and it uses

Metallo graphic. Specimen automatic grinding and polishing machine

Uses

 For grinding and polishing metals and other engineering materials

 Grinding is done to remove saw marks levels and clean the specimen surface polishing
removes artifacts of grinding
Grinding, polishing requires certain consumable
 Grinding disk/ grit paper

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 Emery cloth
 Water alumina

Working principle

 Grind the mounted sample on a rotating disk until smooth surface is achieved under running
water
 Polishing is done after grinding using water to get a mirror imagine devoid of stratch.

Metallurgical laboratory lectures on metals and their types

Chemical laboratories and their equipment and their uses

 Hot mounting pressing machine

Uses
 It is use to mount pressure sensitive specimens
 Hot mountain press quail mount – P series is used in metallurgical labs for mounting
samples and for the purpose of viewing the samples
 The hot mounting press – Q so is a modular machine used in metrological for the fast
 The mounting medium is first heated and then exposed to force when it is soft

2.8 SPECTROMAX

The medication is used to treat conditions involving swelling (inflammation) of the eyes and to
treat or prevent bacterial eye infections this product contains neomycin and polymyxin antibiotics
that work by stopping the growth of bacteria

Uses

 It is used for stationary metal analyzer in foundries and for

 It features truly intuitive operation
 Spectromax it is used for the eradication of Hipyloriminium inhibitory concentration
 Has improved operation of the instrument with the uses to strengthen the materials before they
are used in the die casting process.

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 2.9 Dicon products in chemical laboratory, and some of the military product
Military product:
 Smoke grenade
 Thunder flash
 Refile sound stimulator
i. Smoke grenade: this is a device used as sign, for charge in and for training in a war
front
 It is used for training
 It is used for sign
 It is used to charge
 It is used for withdraw

Colours

 Green
 Yellow
 White
 Blue
 Red

METHOD OF PRODUCING SMOKE GRENADE

Three major part of smoke grenade

i. Composition => loud sound

ii. Carlistar => holder
iii. Igmition => seratch part
How it works
The safety pin is for the safety of S.G and when pull it gives way for the striker
Striker it is used to heat the igmition.
Mechanical laboratory, its equipments, used and application:
 Drilling Machine

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 USES
 This is also used in carpentry work for drilling the holes in the wood and fixing the wood
structures
 They are used in construction sites, glass work.
 The drilling machine is used in almost all manufacturing industry for making holes in the work
piece as per the requirement
Function of the creep testing machine and its operation
 It is used to determine how efficient and stable a materials is
 This machine is able to calculate the stress rate, time and pressure.
 It is used for measure how a giving material will perform under a constant used.
 It is used for measuring the tensile properties engineering materials at elevated temperature.

Mandate of Dicon IPTTO office was explained intellectual property and technology transfer office
(IPPTO)

2.10 PYROTECHNICS

This is a fire work used by civilians and military.

Uses
 Pyrotechnics are used in entertainment industry
 Pyrotechnics is generally considered the technology of manufacturing and using
 Pyrotechnics are perfectly used on stage

OPERATION PROCEDURE OF PYROTECHNICS

Supporting part delay:

Igmition: It comprises of many part striker, spring safety pin, igmition

How it works:

The safety pin is the safety of S.G and when pull it gives way for the striker

Striker: it is used to heat the ignition

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 Trip layer:

Uses of trip layer as Pyrotechnics

Trip layer can be define as trip layer renders animated parts that represent vehicle trips

Uses

Respirator or trip layer surgical mask:

The trip layer surgical mask is made up of a melt blown. Trip layer filtration provide both
protection and comfort.
Formulation of smoke grenade as part of Pyrotechnics was done.

Ignition: it comprises of many part, striker, spring, safety pin ignition

How it works

The safety pin is for the safety of S.G and when pull it way for the striker

Striker it is use to heat the ignition. Ignition is what send the primary heat t the compound.

Propellant

Propellant is anything that is projective

Types

i. Single base Propellant

ii. Double base Propellant
iii. Triple base Propellant
iv. Single base Propellant
USES

Propellant helps to develop proper pressure within the container and expel the products in the
forms of vapor in the formulation of aerosols

Single base Propellant, it used in a pestle, bullet.

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Mitro cellulose -> H2 SO4 + H NO3

Production of nitro cellulose was taken place. it include H2SOH and HNo3

i. How to nitrate nitro cellulose

ii. Pour ice in water
iii. Pour HNO3 in beaker then add to the ice water. Add H2SO4, stir and keep checking the
temperature
iv. Stir until it gives negative temperature between a 0 and 10oc
v. Soak nitro cellulose in the mixture little by little leave for 2 hours
vi. Turn nitro cellulose in ice water to quench it
vii. Wash to remove excess acid from the cotton (on running tap)
viii. Nutrize using calcium carbonate until pit gives and dry and keep in cool place
ix. add other additive which are
 Potassium nitrate
 Catrium oxide
 Sulphur oxide

formulation of a double base propellant which is done by dissolving nitro glycerin into an acerton
and potassium, nitrate, calcium oxide sulphur to form it

 Double base
 dissolve nitro cellulose in action

add nitrogly cerin and add other additive

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS

Metal surface treatment is a process where metal parts are prepared for painting. The preparation
is commonly referred to as coatings pretreatment. This usually involves creating a physical
barrier that will protect metal against a corrosive environment.

Degreaser: this is a cleaning agent used to dissolve grease and oil from hard surface many
degreaser contain chemicals reactions to change the state of substance and make it easy.

Shot blasting: machine can help to clean rust automatically and also save the water cost

Chrome plating: Chrome plating is a process that involves electroplating a thin layer of chromium
onto a metal object. The chromed layer is resistant to corrosion, easy to clean, or increases surface
hardness

Electroplating: is basically the process of plating a metal onto the other by hydrolysis mostly to
prevent corrosion of metal or for decorative purposes. The process uses an electric current to
reduce dissolved metal cations to develop a lean coherent metal coating on the electrode.

Phosphating: is a chemical method of surface treatment in which a metallic surface reacts with
an aqueous phosphate solution. This creates a hardly soluble conversion layer made of metal
phosphates. For this purpose, the material is first cleaned with acid and then the phosphate layer
is formed.

Nickel electroplating: is a process of depositing nickel onto a metal part. Parts to be plated must
be clean and free of dirt, corrosion, and defects before plating can begin.[3] To clean and protect
the part during the plating process, a combination of heat treating, cleaning, masking, pickling,
and etching may be used.[1] Once the piece has been prepared it is immersed into
an electrolyte solution and is used as the cathode. The nickel anode is dissolved into the electrolyte
to form nickel ions (Ni2+). Just like in other electrode position processes, the ions travel through
the solution and deposit on the cathode.

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 3.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CLEANING

This process was done to avoid excess acid from the chrome plated and to make it fast when
working, it is done using a chemical stripper’s tile hydrochloric and sulfuric acid

3.3 METALS

A metal is a materials that freshly prepared polished or broken shows electricity and heat reactivity
well metals are typically malleable or ductile

3.3.1 Types of metals

i. Ferrous
ii. Non-ferrous
i. Ferrous metal:
This contain iron as their major constituent. Example cast iron steel etc steel are of high,
medium and low carbon steel
 Low carbon steel: range from 0.01 to 03
 Medium carbon steel range from: 0.35 to 0.65
 High carbon steel range from 0.7 1.5% - 2% carbon
Above 2.0 is cast iron
White cast iron
10 duck cast iron
Grey cast iron
Alloy – compre
ii. Non-ferrous metal: metal that do not contain iron as a major constituent e.g brass used in
production of ammunitions ***** zinc is an alloy of copper – zinc
3.3.2 Uses of metal:
 Metal are used for Gold, platinum and silver are used as jewelries and ornaments
 Iron and steel are used for construction purpose
 Aluminum steel are used as utensils
 Mercury steel are used in thermometer and help to check the temperature
 To make cooling wares

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3.3 WATER DISTILLER

A water distiller is a water treatment method that produces contaminant free water by converting
water into vapor before condensing it and returning it to a liquid state.

3.3.1 Procedure for Water Distiller

Working principle of a distiller and how it works

i. The water distiller boils the water turning it into steam

ii. The steam is them condensed and cooled, returning it back to a liquid state
iii. Anything that cannot turn into steam, like minerals and microorganism left behind.

3.4 PRODUCTION OF DICON LIQUID SOAP

i. Put water in bowl in your desire quantity

ii. Then add anti soil in it according to your formulation
iii. Then use electrical stirrer to stir it on till it dissolve.
iv. Then you put water into a bowl in your desire quantity and mix with constic then add water
into a bowl and mix with soda ash and stir it.
v. Mix sulpheric acid into the costic and gradually put the soda ash and costic into it and stir it
(and leave it for some minute) then go back to your anti soil and stir it very well.
vi. The next day there will mix the textile into the anti-soil and others

The four balls friction and warning testing machine was and warning testing machine was
explained

Uses

i. Determination of the frictional properties of extreme pressure oils and greases

ii. for quality control of finshes lubrication product data is analyzed via a processing software
iii. test the wear rate of ball bearing

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the scheme was introduced to enable the students to boost their knowledge on both
the theoretical and practical aspects of their field. The student industrial work scheme (SIWES)
also exposed me to collaborate and interact with different people from different higher learning
institutions to share idea as a team, as well as punctuality, diligence and duty and maintaining good
working relationship with staff of the organization and other colleagues, and also provides me
more experience in handle patients and familiarizing with working situation am likely to meet after
graduation.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

At the completion of my industrial training I will like to suggest and recommend the following;

Government should try to improve business relations with companies so that they can attach
SIWES students, thereby adding importance to scheme.

Payments of SIWES funds should be made to student during the SIWES program to help elevate
the unnecessary hardship faced by students during the program.

4.3 CHALLENGES FACED

1. Transportation Challenges
Most times I found it difficult to get to my place of SIWES due to the distance. And since
we are not paid it was not always easy to get transportation to go for SIWES.

2. Unwillingness of Various Organizations To Take Students For Training

It was really quite challenging for me to get accepted by an organization relevant to my
field of learning. In some instances, students have had to scout for places irrelevant to their
course of study thereby defeating the objectives of the scheme.

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3. Improper, inadequate and inefficient supervision
Supervision is essential for the success of any task. This is yet another problem encountered
in the administration of SIWES. Poor (in some cases, lack of) supervision has greatly
affected the success of the scheme. The operational guidelines spell out that three separate
officials should supervise students on industrial attachment: an industry-' based supervisor,
supervisor from the school and another one from the. ITF. The industry based supervisor
is required to assess the student's progress on a weekly basis and make appropriate
comments in their logbooks

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 REFERENCES

1. Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria. "Our history - Defence Industries Corporation

of Nigeria - DICON". Retrieved 15 December 2018.
2. ^ Felix Onuah (2015-08-07). "Nigeria's President Buhari announces weapons production
plan". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
3. ^ "Nigeria - Defense Industries Corporation (DICON)". www.globalsecurity.org.
Retrieved 2020-12-29.
4. ^ "Victor Ezugwu, odogwu rụrụ ụgbọagha bụ Igbo bịa lelee". 5 December 2019.
5. ^ "Nigeria will manufacture Polish-originated AK assault rifle derivatives | March 2018
Global Defense Security army news industry | Defense Security global news industry army
2018 | Archive News year". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
6. ^ The National Interest The Buzz Why This AK47 on Steroids Could Be the Most
Powerful Gun on the Planet by Robert Beckhusen (March 29, 2018)

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