1| kwdK mv‡ne Zvi M‡elYvMv‡i w`bvRcy‡ii HwZn¨ avi‡Yi j‡¶¨ wjPy wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i, Zvi djvdj msi¶Y

K‡ib|
wZwb M‡elYvMv‡ii cª‡ekgy‡L Ggb GKwU hš¿ ewm‡q‡Qb †hwUi w`‡K wbw`©ó mgq ZvKv‡j Abygv‡w`Z e¨w³eM© wfZ‡i cª‡ek
Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

K. ¯§vU© nv‡g Kx? 1

L) b¨~bZg aKj mwnòy kj¨wPwKrmv c×wZwUÓ e¨vL¨v Kiv‡| 2
M. M‡elYvMv‡ii cª‡ekgy‡L e¨eüZ cªhyw³wU e¨vL¨v Kiv‡| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki M‡elYv Kvh©µ‡g Z_¨ I hv‡Mvhv‡M cªhyw³i †h w`KwU cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, we‡kølYc~e©K †mwUi cªqv‡M‡¶Î
Avjv‡Pbv Kiv‡| 8

1bs cª‡kœi DËi

K| ¯§vU© nv‡g njv‡ Ggb GKwU evm¯’vb †hLv‡b wigv‡U K‡›Uªvwjs ev cªv‡Mªvwgs wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨ evwoi wnwUs wm‡÷g Kywjs
wm‡÷g, jvBwUs wm‡÷g I wmwKDwiwU K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g BZ¨vw` wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq|

L| b¨~bZg aKj mwnòy kj¨wPwKrmv c×wZwU njv‡ µvqv‡mvR©vwi| µvqv‡mvR©vwi njv‡ Ggb GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g
AZ¨šÍ wbb¥ ZvcgvÎvq kix‡ii A¯^vfvweK ev iv‡MvµvšÍ †Kvl¸jv‡‡K aŸsm Kiv hvq| G‡¶‡Î Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b WvB-
A·vBW, AvM©b I WvB wg_vBj B_vi-cªv‡‡cb BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nq|

M) M‡elYvMv‡ii cª‡ekgy‡L e¨eüZ cªhyw³wU njv‡| evqv‡‡gwUª· | evqv‡‡gwUª· n‡”Q GK ai‡bi †KŠkj ev cªhyw³ hvi gva¨‡g
gvby‡li kvixwiK KvVvgv‡, AvPvi-AvPiY, ˆewkó¨, ¸Yv¸Y, e¨w³Z¡ cªf„wZ Øviv wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K wPwýZ ev kbv³ Kiv hvq|
evqv‡‡gwUª· Gi g~j KvRB n‡”Q cªwZwU gvby‡li †h Abb¨ ˆewkó¨ Av‡Q Zv‡K Ly‡u R †ei Kiv Ges cªwZwU gvbyl‡K †mB ˆewk‡ó¨i
Avjv‡‡K c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv|

Kw¤úDUvi c×wZ‡Z wbLyuZ wbivcËvi Rb¨ evqv‡‡gwUª· c×wZ e¨envi nq| G c×wZ‡Z gvby‡li evqv‡jwRK¨vj †WUv
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †WUv‡e‡R msiw¶Z K‡i ivLv nq Ges ciewZ©‡Z Gme †WUv wb‡q ¯^qswµqfv‡e wgwj‡q †`Lv nq| †WUv‡Z wgj
†c‡j Zv ˆea e‡j we‡ewPZ nq Ges AbygwZ cªvß nq|

N DÏxc‡Ki M‡elYv Kvh©µ‡g Z_¨ I hv‡Mvhv‡M cªhyw³i †h w`KwU cªwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zvnjv‡ evqv‡Bbdi‡gwU·|
Òevqv‡Bbdig¨vwU· njv‡ weÁv‡bi †mB kvLv, hv evqv‡jwRK¨vj †WUv GbvjvBwmm Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi cªhyw³, Bbdi‡gkb
w_Iwi Ges MvwYwZK Ávb‡K e¨envi K‡i| G‡¶‡Î †WUv AšÍf©y³ K‡i wWGbG, Rxb, A¨vwgbv‡ GwmW I wbDwK¬K GwmWmn
Ab¨vb¨ welq‡K|

evqv‡Bbdi‡gwU· Gi cªv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q ˆRweK cªwµqvi Abyaveb e„w× Kivi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ cš’vi cwie‡Z© Kw¤úDUv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ GB D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi j‡¶¨ Bnvi Dbœqb Ges cªqv‡M NUvbv‡| †h me c×wZ cªqv‡M K‡i wnmve-wbKvk Kiv nq Zvi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q c¨vUvb© wiKMwbkb, K„wÎg eyw×gËvi A¨vjMwi`g, †WUv gvBwbs, B‡gR cª‡mwms, wmgy‡jkb, wWmwµU g¨v_, K‡›Uªvj
w_Iwi, wm‡÷g w_Iwi, wfRyqvjvB‡Rkb BZ¨vw`|

evqv‡Bbdig¨vwU· Gi cªqv‡M‡¶Î njv‡ wbgœiƒc:

gvB‡µvweqvj wRbv‡g
gwjwKDjvi †gwWwmb
cv‡m©vbvjvBRW †gwWwmb
K„wl
Jla Dbœqb
gvbe wUKv
cywó gvb Dbœqb|
cªkœ 2 Wvt wbjq †eªBb K¨vÝvi wbivg‡q kxZj AvM©b M¨vm e¨env‡ii wPwKrmv c×wZ cªqv‡‡Mi Rb¨ AwfÁZv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨
GKwU wmgy‡j‡UW Acv‡ikb m¤úbœ K‡ib|

K, K„wÎg eyw×gËv Kx?

L. AvPi‡Yi gva¨‡g e¨w³ kbv³Ki‡Yi c×wZ eywS‡q †jL|
M. Wvt wbj‡qi wPwKZ&mv c×wZwU e¨vL¨v Kiv‡|
N. Wvt wbj‡qi Acv‡ik‡bi AwfÁZv jv‡fi cwi‡e‡ki cªfve we‡kølY Kiv‡|

2 bs cª‡kœi DËi

K gvby‡li wPšÍv fvebvi A_ev eyw×gËvi c×wZUv‡K K„wÎg Dcv‡q cªhyw³wbf©i hš¿ ev Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb KivUvB
njv‡ AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ ev K„wÎg eyw×gËv |

L evqv‡‡gwUª· n‡”Q GK ai‡bi †KŠkj ev cªhyw³ hvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li kvixwiK KvVvgv‡, AvPvi-AvPiY, ˆewkó¨, ¸bv¸Y,
e¨w³Z¡ cªf„wZ Øviv wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K wPwýZ ev kbv³KiY Kiv hvq| msÁv †_‡K †`Lv hvq evqv‡‡gwUª· cªhyw³wU GKvšÍB kvixwiK
KvVvgv‡ I AvPvi-AvPiY, ˆewkó¨ I ¸Yvejx †Kw›`ªK| myZivs GwU njv‡ GKwU AvPiwYK wbf©i cªhyw³|

M Wvt wbj‡qi wPwKrmv c×wZwU njv‡ µvqv‡mvR©vix µvqv‡mvR©vwi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g AwZ VvÛv
ZvcgvÎvq kix‡ii A¯^vfvweK I Amy¯’ wUm¨y (‡Kvl) aŸsm Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, AvM©b I
WvB wg_vBj B_vi-cªv‡‡cb BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nq| wewfbœ iv‡MvµvšÍ †Kv‡li wPwKrmvq GwU e¨eüZ nq |

we‡kl K‡i Amy¯’ Z¡‡Ki cwiPh©vq GwU †ewk e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvQvov wjfvi K¨vÝvi, cª‡÷U K¨vÝvi, dymdym K¨vÝvi, gyL ev
Iivj K¨vÝvimn wewfbœ iv‡‡M Amy¯’ Z¡K m‡ZR K‡i Zyj‡Z GwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Z¡‡Ki Amy¯’ †Kvl‡K AwZ kxZj ZvcgvÎvq
aŸs‡mi gva¨‡g µvqv‡mvR©vwi KvR K‡i| d‡j Amy¯’ Z¡‡Ki g‡a¨ i³ mÂvjb ¯^vfvweK K‡i| Z_¨ cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i
Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z e¨e¯’vq µvqv‡Mvb e¨envi K‡i eZ©gvb mg‡q wbLyuZfv‡e µvqv‡mvR©vwi Kiv nq|

N Wvt wbj‡qi Acv‡ik‡bi AwfÁZv jv‡fi cwi‡ek wmgy‡j‡UW cwi‡ek | Avi wmgy‡j‡UW cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv nq| fvP©yqvj
wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g| cªK„Z A‡_© ev¯Íe bq wKš‘ ev¯Í‡ei †PZbv D‡`ªKKvix weÁvb wbf©i Kíbv‡K fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU ev Abyf‡e
ev¯ÍeZv wKsev Kíev¯ÍeZv e‡j| fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi mycªfve wb‡P †`Iqv njv‡:

wPwKrmv‡¶‡Î fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|

wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g WªvBwfs wb‡`©kbv cª`vb Kiv nq|
fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g UªvwdK e¨e¯’vcbvi cªwk¶Y †`qv nq|Õ
fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g d¬vBU wmgy‡jkb Kiv nq |
gnvk~b¨ Awfhv‡b fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|
†Ljvayjvq fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|
mvgwiK †¶‡Î wewfbœ cªwk¶‡Y fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|
wfwWI †Mgm ˆZwi‡Z fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|
wewfbœ B‡gR msi¶Y I `„k¨aviY fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|
bMi cwiKíbvq fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨eüZ nq|

fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi Kycªfve wbgœiƒc:

fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi d‡j gbyl¨Z¡nxbZv ev wWwnDg¨vbvB‡Rkb e„w× cv‡”Q| G‡Z gvby‡li wµqv nªvm cv‡e Ges gvbe mgvR
wejyß n‡Z _vK‡e|
Ges fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi d‡j gvbyl B‡”QgZv‡ Kíbvi iv‡R¨ wePiY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| d‡j gvbyl †ewkifvM mgq KvUv‡e
Kíbvi RM‡Z Ges Lye Kg mgq _vK‡e ev¯Íe RM‡Z| wKš‘ Gfv‡e gvbyl hw` Kíbv I ev¯Í‡ei g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i
Zvn‡j c„w_ex‡Z Pig AwbðqZv weivR Ki‡e|
 fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU e¨env‡ii d‡j gvby‡li †Pv‡Li kªebkw³i ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i|

`„k¨Kí-1 : RqšÍ †PŠayix KyqvKvUv †eov‡Z wM‡q Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j XvKvq Ae¯’vbiZ GKRb wPwKrm‡Ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i |
wZwb RqšÍ‡K `ªZ nvmcvZv‡j †h‡Z civgk© †`b | c‡i nvmcvZv‡ji wPwKrmK XvKvi we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx
Zv‡K XvKvi nvmcvZv‡j †cªib K‡i |
`„k¨Kí-2 : Kw¤úDUvi cªwkw¶Z mywg ⟶ BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K‡›`ª PvKwi → ¯^vej¤^x → †`‡ki Dbœqb
K. B-‡gBj Kx ?
L. wbivcËvq ev‡qv‡gwUª· cªhyw³i Ae`vb eywS‡q †jL |
M. `„k¨Kí-1 Gi †Kvb cªhyw³i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q - e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. `„k¨Kí-2 Gi cªevnwP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K Z_¨ cªhyw³i f~wgKv we‡kølb Ki |
3 bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. B-‡gBj n‡”Q B‡jKUªwb· †gBj Gi msw¶ß iæc A_©vr Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb Z_¨ ev msev` Ab¨ †Kv_vI cvVv‡bv ev
Mªnb Kivi e¨e¯’v‡K †evSvq |

L. wbivcËv , kbv³Kib I hvPvBKib Kv‡R K‡c©v‡iU cªwZôv‡b , cvewjK wmwKDwiwU wm‡÷‡g , KbRygv‡i B‡jKUªwb·
BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î ev‡q‡gwUª· wWfvB‡mi eûj e¨envi cwijw¶Z nq | †Kvb Awd‡mi Af¨všÍ‡i cª‡e‡ki mgq e¨vw³i ev‡qv‡g&wUª·
wm‡÷‡g †Kvb e¨vw³i cwiPq mbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ c~‡e©B H e¨vw³i WvUv †hgb - wWGbG , Av½y‡ji Qvc .cªw·‡g‡UW
AvB‡W›UwUwU KvW© , nv‡Zi Zvjyi Qvc , KÚ¯^i †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwim , gyLgÛ‡ji wb`k©b ¯‹&hvb K‡i WvUv‡e‡R msi¶b
Kiv nq |

cieZ©x‡Z ev‡qv‡g&wUª· BbcyU h‡š¿i Øviv ¯‹&hvbK„Z WvUvi mv‡_ wgj‡j H e¨vw³ cª‡e‡ki AbygwZ ev AMªvwaKvi cv‡e | Ab¨_vq
cv‡e bv | GUv‡K ev‡qv‡g&wUª· wm‡÷g e‡j | G cªhyw³i d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Z‡_¨i †MvcbxqZv i¶v cvq Ab¨w`‡K wbivcËvI
wbwðZ nq |

M. DwÏc‡Ki `„k¨Kí -1 G †Uwj‡gwWwmb cªhyw³i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q | G cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j GKRb †ivMx N‡i e‡mB
†gvevBj †dvb A_ev AbjvBb c×wZ‡Z †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs ev wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki civgk© Mªnb
K‡i my¯’Zv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i | Av‡M Amy¯’ †ivMx‡K Riæix g~û‡Z© wPwKrmv †mev †`Iqv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv |

wKš‘ †Uwj‡gwWwmb cªhyw³i d‡j `yM©g GjvKv †_‡KI †ivMx h_vh_ wPwKrmv Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q | wPwKrmv †¶‡Î G cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii
d‡j gvby‡li Mo Avqy e„w× cv‡”Q | bZyb bZyb wPwKrmv e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB AewnZ nIqv m¤¢e n‡”Q | cªZ¨šÍ A‡j
†_‡KI wPwKrmv †mev Mªnb Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q |

N. DwÏc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-2 G mywg Kw¤úDUvi cªwk¶b Mªnb K‡i BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K›`ª&‡i PvKwi Mªnb K‡i ¯^vej¤^x nq |
GLv‡b mywgi Kg©KvÛ m¤ú~Y© Z_¨cªhyw³ wbf©i | Z_¨cªhyw³i Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvby‡li Kg©‡¶‡Îi cwiwa I ai‡bi cwieZ©b
Avm‡Q |

G cwiewZ©Z Kg©‡¶‡Îi Rb¨ Dchy³ cªwk¶b Mªn‡bi gva¨‡g Lye mn‡RB GKRb hyeK ev hyeZx wb‡R‡K ¯^vej¤^x wn‡m‡e M‡o
Zyj‡Z cv‡i | Z_¨ cªhyw³ wbf©i Gme cwiwai wekvjZv A‡bK , hvi gva¨‡g N‡i e‡m we‡`wk AW©v‡ii KvRI Kiv m¤¢e | hw`
Gme cªhyw³ e¨env‡i Ziæb -ZiæYx AviI m‡PZb nq Z‡e †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ Zivwš^Z n‡e |

AvBwmwU 1g Aa¨vq :m„Rbkxj †evW© cªkœ I DËi

‡evW© m„Rbkxj cªkœ 4 I mgvavb

4 mvfv‡i ivbv cøvRv aŸ‡m wbnZ eû †cvkvK kªwg‡Ki cwiPq cªv_wgK Ae¯’vq mbv³ Kiv hvw”Qj bv | cieZ©x‡Z miKv‡ii
mw`”Qvq DbœZ cªhyw³i gva¨‡g AwaKvsk jvk mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e nq |
K. b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR Kx ?
L. †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Kxfv‡e gvbyl‡K mnvqZv w`‡”Q ?
M. DwÏc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kªwg‡Ki jvk kbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ MªnxZ c×wZ wPwýZ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. Dcwi³ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Z_¨-cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i cªwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v Mªn‡bi gva¨‡g SywK Kwg‡q Avbv m¤¢e- we‡kølY K‡iv |
4 bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. 1 wgUv‡ii 100 †KvwU fv‡Mi GKfvM‡K ejv nq b¨v‡bvwgUvi | Avi G b¨v‡bvwgUvi †¯‹‡j †h mg¯Í †UK‡bvjwR m¤úwK©Z
†m¸‡jv‡KB ejv nq b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR |

L. K„wl Drcv`b, Jla ˆZwi , Lv`¨ cª¯ÍyZ KviLvbv BZ¨vw` wewfbœ M‡elYvq †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis e¨envi Kiv nq | G‡Z DbœZ
Rv‡Zi cªK„wZ mnbkxj I `ªZ AwaK Drcv`b¶g Lv`¨km¨ cªvwß m¤¢e n‡q‡Q | eZ©gvb mg‡q †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Gi cªvq
me †¶‡Î Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i e¨vcK cª‡qvM j¶¨ Kiv hvq |

M. DwÏc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z kªwg‡Ki jvk kbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ ev‡qv‡gwUª· c×wZ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q | Z_¨ cªhyw³‡Z
ev‡qv‡gwUª· ej‡Z H †KŠkj‡K †evSvq hv gvbe †`‡ni wewfbœ ˆewkó †hgb - wWGbG , Av½‡ji Qvc , †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I
AvBwim, f‡qm c¨vUvb©, gyLgÛ‡ji c¨vUvb©, BZ¨vw` cªgvb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡kølY I cwigvc K‡i e¨w³ kbv³ Kiv hvq |

ev‡qv‡gwUª· GKK fv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨ welq w`‡q kbv³KiY KvR m¤úbœ K‡i | GwU kvixwiK I AvPibMZ GB `yB fv‡e kbv³
K‡i _v‡K | kvixwiK kbv³KiY ev‡qv‡gwUª· Dcv`vb n‡Z cv‡i , e¨w³i KÚ¯^i , wWGbG , Av½y‡ji Qvc BZ¨vw` | ivbv
cøvRv aŸ‡m wbnZ kªwgK‡`i kbv³Ki‡Y G cªhyw³i e¨envi K‡i jv‡ki cwiPq Rvbv m¤¢e nq |

N. DwÏc‡K ewY©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³ †hgb- †iveU e¨envi K‡i cªwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v Mªnb Kiv m¤¢e | †iveU
n‡jv †cªvMªvg wbqwš¿Z Kw¤úDUviwbf©i B‡jKUªwb· hš¿ - hv ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i | †eviU n‡”Q †cªvMªvg wbqwš¿Z K„wËg
eyw×gËv m¤úbœ ¯^qswµq B‡jKU&&iwbK hš¿ - hv gvby‡li g‡Zv KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i |

GQvov Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i KviLvbvi wWRvBb ˆZwi Kiv n‡j H fqven wec` †_‡K i¶v cvIqv †hZ |
Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z BÛvw÷ªqvj †ive‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ KviLvbvq bvbv iKg wec¾bK I cwikªgmva¨ KvR †hgb - I‡qwìs, XvjvB ,
gvjvgvj DVvbvgv , hš¿vsk ms‡hvRb , Mvwoi is Kiv BZ¨vw` Kiv nq | mvwf©m †iveU AwZ ¶y`ª gvB‡µvmvwK©‡Ui Dcv`vb
cy•Lvbycy•L I wek¦vm¨fv‡e cix¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i hv gvby‡li c‡¶ KwVb I Am¤¢e | wKQy †iveU ïay †cªvMªvg Abymv‡i KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i | wKQy †iveU `yi †_‡K †jRvi iwk¥ ev †iwWI wmMbv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ wbqš¿b Kiv hvq | hyׇ¶‡Î †iveU ˆmwbK e¨eüZ n‡”Q
|

5. gwbi mv‡ne GKRb PvDjKj e¨emvqx | MvBevÜv, iscyi , w`bvRcyi , KywoMªvg I jvjgwbinv‡U PvDjKj ¸‡jv Aew¯’Z |
MvBevÜvi PvDjKj cwi`k©‡b wM‡q GKRb ¸iæZi Amy¯Í Kg©Pvwi‡K cªhyw³MZ myweav e¨envi K‡i `ªZ wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib |
wZwb e¨¯Í e¨emvqx ZvB wbR Kvh©vj‡q e‡mB Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvwi‡`i Dcw¯’wZ Ges Kg©cwi‡ek gwbUwis K‡i _v‡Kb |

gwbi mv‡ne Zvr¶wbK cª‡qvR‡b wewfbœ cªwZôv‡bi Kg©KZ©v‡`i mv‡_ †_‡K mfv Ges †mwgbvi K‡ib | Zvi wbR¯^ I‡qe‡cR
Av‡Q | wZwb `ªZ Z_¨ Av`vb cª`vb K‡ib | cvkvcvwk Awd‡m e‡mB KvPvgvj µq I Drcvw`Z cY¨ weµ‡q jvfevb n‡”Qb |

K. wek¦Mªvg Kx ?.
L. wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvwmwU Gi mv¤úªwZK cªeYKvi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU m¤úK©hy³ e¨vL¨v Ki |
M. DwÏc‡Ki gwbi mv‡ne AvwmwU wbf©i †Kvb wPwKrmv c×wZi myweav wb‡qwQ‡jb ? e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. gwbi mv‡n‡ei †¶‡Î wek¦Mªvg avibvi cªeve DwÏc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki |
5bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. ˆewk¦K †hvMv‡hv‡Mi e¨e¯’v mg„× ¯’vb‡K wek¦Mªvg e‡j |

L. cªhyw³ wbf©i wbivcËv e¨e¯’vi mv‡_ AvwmwU Gi mv¤úª&iwZK cªeYZv wn‡m‡e ev‡qv‡gwUª· c×wZ m¤úK©h³
y | ev‡qv‡gwUª· n‡jv
Ggb GKwU cªhyw³ †hLv‡b †Kvb e¨w³i †`‡ni MV‡bi Ges AvPibMZ ˆewk‡ói Dci wfwË K‡i AwØZxq fv‡e wPwýZ ev kbv³
Kiv nq | Z_¨ cªhyw³‡Z ev‡qv‡gwUª· ej‡Z H †KŠkj‡K †evSvq hv gvbe †`‡ni wewfbœ ˆewkó †hgb - wWGbG , Av½‡ji Qvc
, †Pv‡Li †iwUbv I AvBwim, f‡qm c¨vUvb©, gyLgÛ‡ji c¨vUvb©, BZ¨vw` cªgvb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡kølY I cwigvc K‡i e¨w³
kbv³ Kiv hvq |

ev‡qv‡gwUª· GKK fv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨ welq w`‡q kbv³KiY KvR m¤úbœ K‡i | GwU kvixwiK I AvPibMZ GB `yB fv‡e kbv³
K‡i _v‡K | kvixwiK kbv³KiY ev‡qv‡gwUª· Dcv`vb n‡Z cv‡i , e¨w³i KÚ¯^i , wWGbG , Av½y‡ji Qvc BZ¨vw` | hvi
mvnv‡h¨ mZ¨Zv hvPvB Ges cª‡ekvwaKvi wbqš¿b Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq |

M. DwÏc‡K gwbi mv‡ne AvwmwU wbf©i †Uwj‡gwWwmb wPwKrmv c×wZi myweav wb‡qwQ‡jb |
‡Uwj‡gwWwmb c×wZ‡Z wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g we‡klÁ wPwKrmK I †ivMxi g‡a¨ wbweo m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡i mwVK †ivM
I wPwKrmvcÎ Mªnb K‡i mywPwKrmv cvIqv hvq | m‡e©vcywi Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³ Z_v B›Uvi‡bU , †gvevBj , I‡qe
†UK‡bvjwR e¨envi K‡i Wv³vi I †ivMx `yieZ©x ¯’v‡b †_‡KI †h wPwKrmv †mev ZvB †Uwj‡gwWwmb | †Uwj‡gwWwmb I B-‡nj_
Gi mvnv‡h¨ †`‡ki cªZ¨šÍ A‡j †mLv‡b hvZvqvZ Kiv Kómva¨ †mLv‡b we‡klÁ wPwKrm‡Ki †mev †`Iqv m¤¢e |

N. gwbi mv‡ne B-‡gBj e¨envi K‡i mKj Awd‡mi mv‡_ `ªZ Zg mg‡q Z_¨ Av`vb cª`vb K‡i Gi †d Kv‡Ri MwZ e„w×
cv‡”Q , cvkvcvwk LiP I Kg n‡”Q | Z_¨ cªhyw³i hy‡M B-Kgv‡m©i e¨envi w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q | eZ©gv‡b Ggb †Kvb †¶Î
†bB †hLv‡b B-Kgv‡m©i e¨envi †bB | Ab-jvBb cY¨ I †mev , fvP©yqvj e¨vsK, †µwWU BdwbU , †jb‡`b , e¨vsK †÷U‡g›U ,
†PK AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g cY¨ mieivn ,‡µwWU KvW©, e¨emvqx m¤úK© , wbjvg , AbjvBb wU‡KU µq, AbjvBb wjd‡jU ,
weÁvcb BZ¨vw` m¤¢e n‡”Q |

B-Kgv‡m©i d‡j `ªZ †jb‡`b Kiv hv‡”Q | cªwZóv‡bi AeKvVv‡gvi LiP , weÁvc‡bi LiP I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi LiP Kg‡Q | B-
Kgvm© e¨emv-evwb‡R¨i †¶‡Î ˆecøweK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q N‡i e‡mB cª‡qvRbxq KvPvgvj µq I Drcvw`Z cY¨ weµq Kiv
mnRZi n‡”Q | Gqvov B-e¨vswKs Gi gv‡a¨‡g A_© †jb‡`b Kiv m¤¢e n‡”Q |

6. mygb ÕgbyemyÕ¯‹jvi kxc †c‡q Rvcv‡b P‡j hvq | †m †mLv‡b Zvi BDwbf©vwmwUi j¨v‡e cª‡e‡ki mgq †m݇ii w`‡K
ZvKv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `iRv Ly‡j hvq | cªevk Rxe‡b _vKvKvjxb eÜy ev܇ei mv‡_ AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi mv‡_ †m Kykj wewbgq K‡i
_v‡K | wKš‘ G‡Z Zvi gb f‡i bv | Zvi g‡b nq , ïay K_vq Kx gb f‡i , hw` bv nq `k©b | AvaywbK Z_¨ cªhyw³i Kj¨v‡b
Zvi †m cªZ¨vkvI A‡bKUv c~ib n‡q‡Q |

K. ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· Kx .
L. Õev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qy‡q †`Lv m¤¢eÕ - e¨vL¨v Ki |
M. myg‡bi j¨v‡e cª‡e‡ki c×wZwU e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †Kvb gva¨g e¨envi myg‡bi cªZ¨vkv c~i‡Y me©vwaK f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q ? DwÏc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølbc~e©K gZvgZ
`vI |

6 bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. Rxe msµvšÍ Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi Kv‡R Kw¤úDUvi cªhyw³i cª‡qvMB n‡jv ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· |
L. Õev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qy‡q †`Lv m¤¢e Õ - GwU ïaygvÎ m¤¢e n‡e fvP©yqv‡j wi‡qwjwUi gva¨‡g | fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU
GKwU Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z cwi‡ek †hLv‡b e¨enviKvix H cwi‡e‡k gMœ n‡Z . ev¯Í‡e Ae¯’vb K‡i Kíbv‡K Qy‡q †`L‡Z †mB
mv‡_ ev¯Í‡ei g‡Zv kªeYvf~wZ Ges ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK fvev‡eM , D‡ËRbv Abyf~wZ cªf„wZi AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i |

M. myg‡bi j¨v‡e cª‡e‡ki c×wZwU wQj ev‡qv‡gwUª· | mvavibZ Rxewe`¨vi Z_¨ wb‡q †h weÁvb KvR K‡i Zv‡K ev‡qv‡gwUª·
e‡j | ev‡qv‡gwUª· gvby‡li AvPib MZ ˆewkô wPwýZ K‡i | GUv ch©‡e¶bKvjxi GKK ev Mªc Abyhvqx KvR K‡i _v‡K |

ev‡qv‡gwUª· GK ai‡bi †KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g kvixwiK KvVv‡gv, AvPvi-AvPib ˆewkó ¸bv¸b e¨w³Z¡ cªf„wZ Øviv wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K
wPwýZ ev kbv³ Kiv nq | †Kvb e¨w³ ev Mªc †K kbv³ KiY Ges Zv‡`i cª‡ek cªwµqv ch©‡e¶b Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi
weÁv‡b G cªhyw³ e¨envi Kiv nq |
mygb Rvcv‡b Zvi BDwbf©viwmwU j¨v‡e cª‡e‡ki mgq †m݇ii w`‡K ZvKv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ `iRv Ly‡j hvq | GLv‡b Zvi
cª‡e‡ki c×wZ wQj ev‡qv‡gwUª· |
N. †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e mygb †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs I wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs cªhyw³ e¨envi Ki‡Q | †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs n‡jv
†Uwj‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g GKvwaK e¨w³i mv‡_ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv ev K‡_vcK_b | wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs n‡jv GKvwaK e¨w³i g‡a¨
Qwemn Avjvc Av‡jvPbv I K‡_vcK_b | cªevk Rxe‡b _vKvKvjxb Ae¯’vq eÜy ev܇ei mv‡_ AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi mv‡_ cªvqB
Avjvc Av‡jvPbv I Kykj wewbgq K‡i |

wKš‘ G‡Z Zvi gb f‡i bv | Zvi g‡b nq , ïay K_vq wK f‡i gb , hw` bv nq `k©b | ZvB mygb Zvi eÜy ev܇ei mv‡_ Ges
AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi mv‡_ †UwjKbdv‡iwÝs Ges wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs K‡i _v‡K | DwÏc‡K myg‡bi ïaygvÎ †Uwj‡dv‡b Avjv‡ci
gva¨‡g Zvi g‡bi fve c~Y© nqwb | cieZ©x‡Z hLb Qwemn AvjvcPvwiZvq AskMªnb KiZ ZLb Zvigb cªvbešÍ n‡q DVZ |
myZivs wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Gi gva¨‡g AvjvcPvwiZv Zvi g‡b me©vwaK cªZ¨vkv c~iY K‡i‡Q |

7 wigy Z¡‡Ki mgm¨vi Rb¨ Wv³v‡ii wbKU †Mj | Wv³vi Zv‡K cix¶v -wbix¶v K‡i wbb¥ ZvcgvÎv cª‡qvM K‡i wPwKrmv w`‡jb
| Wv³vi bZyb †ivMxi Zyjbvq cyivZb †ivMxi Kg wd †bb | Wv³vi wi‡gi Av½y‡ji Qvc wb‡q Kw¤úDUv‡i †`‡L Kg wd avh©&h
Ki‡jb |
K. fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU Kx?
L. AwWI Ges wfwWI Z_¨ Av`vb cª`vb †KvbwU‡Z †Wvu ¯úxW †ewk cª‡qvRb -e¨vL¨v Ki |
M. DwÏc‡Ki wi‡gi m¤¢ve¨ wPwKrmv c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. DwÏc‡Ki Wv³v‡i wd Kg wb‡q mwVK wPwKrmv cª`v‡bi welqwU we‡kølY Ki |

7bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU n‡jv ms‡e`bkxj Mªvwd· ˆZwii gva¨‡g ev¯Í‡ei wÎgvwÎK Ae¯’vb‡K Kw¤úDUvi Gi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb I
Abyaveb Kiv |

L. AwWI Ges wfwWI Z_¨ Av`vb cª`v‡bi wfwWI‡Z †Wvu ¯úxW †ewk cª‡qvRb | AwWI †Wvui cwiwa Kg | †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡i Kg
mgq jvM‡e | wfwWI †Wvui cwiwa †ewk Ges †Wvu ¯’vbvšÍ‡i †ewk mgq jvM‡e | wfwWI Z_¨ Av`vi cª`v‡b †Wvu ¯úxW †ewk jvM‡e
|

M wPwKrmv c×wZwU njv‡ µvqv‡mvR©vix µvqv‡mvR©vwi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g AwZ VvÛv ZvcgvÎvq kix‡ii
A¯^vfvweK I Amy¯’ wUm¨y (‡Kvl) aŸsm Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î Zij bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, Kve©b WvB-A·vBW, AvM©b I WvB wg_vBj B_vi-
cªv‡‡cb BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv nq| wewfbœ iv‡MvµvšÍ †Kv‡li wPwKrmvq GwU e¨eüZ nq |

we‡kl K‡i Amy¯’ Z¡‡Ki cwiPh©vq GwU †ewk e¨envi Kiv nq| ZvQvov wjfvi K¨vÝvi, cª‡÷U K¨vÝvi, dymdym K¨vÝvi, gyL ev
Iivj K¨vÝvimn wewfbœ iv‡‡M Amy¯’ Z¡K m‡ZR K‡i Zyj‡Z GwU e¨envi Kiv nq| Z¡‡Ki Amy¯’ †Kvl‡K AwZ kxZj ZvcgvÎvq
aŸs‡mi gva¨‡g µvqv‡mvR©vwi KvR K‡i| d‡j Amy¯’ Z¡‡Ki g‡a¨ i³ mÂvjb ¯^vfvweK K‡i| Z_¨ cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i
Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z e¨e¯’vq µvqv‡Mvb e¨envi K‡i eZ©gvb mg‡q wbLyuZfv‡e µvqv‡mvR©vwi Kiv nq|

N. DwÏc‡Ki cyivZb †ivMxi wPwKrmvq Wv³vi ev‡qv‡gwÆ· I ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· cªhyw³ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q | ev‡qv‡gwÆ· n‡jv
Ggb GK aib‡i c×wZ †hLv‡b Zvi gvby‡li AvPibMZ ˆewkó †`‡L , †`‡ni MVb †`‡L †Kvb wbw`©ó e¨w³‡K kbv³ KiY Kiv
nq | ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· RxeweÁvb msµvšÍ Kv‡R e¨eüZ †WUvi msi¶b , Avnib mvRv‡bv we‡kølY BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wewfbœ
c×wZ Avwe®‹vi I Dbœqb K‡i‡Qb | ev‡qv‡gwUª‡·i Dcv`vb wdsMªvi wcª›U Kiv n‡q‡Q | ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· ev‡qv‡gwUª· cª‡qvM
Kiv nq | ev‡qv‡gwÆ· I ev‡qvBbdi‡gU· cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i cyivZb †ivMx‡K kbv³ K‡i Kg wd avh© K‡i‡Q |

AvBwmwU 1g Aa¨vq :m„Rbkxj †evW© cªkœ I DËi

‡evW© m„Rbkxj cªkœ 8 I mgvavb

8. 1996 mv‡j 10 B †deªqvwi MªvÛ gv÷vi M¨vix Kvmcvif wWcyeøy Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ `vev †Ljvq †n‡i hvq | cøveb
DBwKwcWvq GB Z_¨ †`‡L Zvi evev‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jv , ÓZvn‡j Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kx eyw× Av‡Q ? Ó Dˇi evev ej‡jb . eo
n‡j eyS‡e | ZvQvov †`L‡ZB †Zv cv‡”Qv we‡kl cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡i wfwWI †MBgm¸‡jv‡K GLb A‡bK AvKl©Yxq I Dc‡fvM¨
K‡i †Zvjv n‡q‡Q | d‡j Gme †Ljvq ev¯ÍeZvi ¯^v` cvIqv hvq |
K. eøyUy_ Kx ?
L. we‡`wk eÜy‡`i mv‡_ †MBgm †Ljvi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki |
M. cøve‡bi Dw³wU DwÏc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. gvbe m¤ú` Dbœq‡b cøve‡bi evevi D‡jøwLZ cªhyw³i ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki ?

8bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. eøyUy_ n‡jv GKwU Zviwenxb †hvMv‡hvM cÏwZ hv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK h‡š¿i g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i |

L. we‡`wk eÜy‡`i mv‡_ AbjvB‡b A_ev B›Uvi‡b‡Ui †MBgm †Ljv h¨◌় v | AbjvBb n‡jv B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡b‡±W †bUIqvK© |
AbjvB‡bi gva¨‡g mswkøó mvB‡U cª‡ek K‡i †MBgm KgvÛmg~n Abymi‡bi gva¨‡g we‡`wk eÜy‡`i mv‡_ †MBgm †L‡jv hvq |

M. e„w×gËv n‡jv wPšÍv Kivi we‡kl ¶gZv hv cªvwYi Av‡Q †Kvb Ro e¯Íyi‡bB | Z‡e weÁvbxiv `xN© cª‡Póvi gva¨‡g h‡š¿i g‡a¨I
wPšÍv Kivi ¶gZv cª`vb Ki‡Z mdj n‡q‡Q | GwUB g~jZ AvwU©wdmvj Bb‡Uwj‡RÝ ev K„wËg eyw×gËv |Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq
gvby‡li wPšÍv fvebv ¸‡jv K„wËg Dcv‡q Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ iæc †`Iqv‡K K„wËg eyw×gËv e‡j |

A_©vr K„wËg ey×gËvi `iæb Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvebv wPšÍv ¸‡jv gvby‡lig‡ZvB nq |

DwÏc‡K †`Lv hvq , MªvÛ gv÷vi M¨vix Kvmcvif wWcyeøy Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ `vev †Ljvq †n‡i hvq | `vev n‡jv eyw×gËvi †Ljv
| G‡¶‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡i K„wËg eyw× cª‡qvM K‡i AvKl©Yxq I Dc‡fvM¨ †cªvMªvg evbv‡bv n‡”Q |

N. gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡b cøve‡bi evevi D‡jøwLZ cªhyw³wU fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU | fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwU gvwë †mÝwis wnDg¨vb Kw¤úDUvi
B›Uvi‡dm mg~‡ni e¨envi ev gvbe e¨enviKvixi Kw¤úDUvi wmgy‡j‡UW Ae‡R± ev¯ÍeZvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq | fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi
gva¨‡g K„wËg fv‡e ev¯Íe RMr ˆZwi nq | Z_¨ Av`vb cª`v‡b cªvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi cªfve j¶ Kiv hvq |

wewfbœ PjwPÎ , weÁvc‡bi †¶‡Î fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi e¨envi j¶¨bxq | GKRb e¨w³i k~‡Y¨ D‡o hvIqv, 120 Zjv feb †_‡K
jvd w`‡q wb‡P c‡o hvIqv , wegvb aŸ‡m Kiv wKš‘ wegv‡bi g‡a¨ Pvj‡Ki †Kvb ¶wZ bv nIqv cªf„wZ `„k¨ AvRKvj †`Lv hvq
A Mvwo Pvjbvi †¶‡Î , wewìs wWRvBb Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi AvKl©Yxq Kv‡R fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi e¨envi w`b w`b †e‡oB Pj‡Q |

DwÏc‡K †`Lv hvq , evev †Q‡j‡K ej‡Q , Ó eo n‡j eyS‡e, †`L‡ZB cv‡”Q GLv‡b we‡kl cªhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j †MBgm¸‡jv
Dc‡fvM¨ Kiv n‡”Q | myZivs ejv hvq , GLv‡b fvP©yqvi wi‡qwjwUi e¨envi n‡”Q | gvbe m¤ú` Dbœq‡b Kg©‡¶‡Î mgq I kªg
mvkªqx K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi cªwk¶b w`‡q Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb n‡”Q | SywKc~Y© Ges e¨qeûj Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq fvP©yqvj
wi‡qwjwUi e¨envi K‡i `¶ Rbkw³ ˆZwi n‡”Q | †hgb - WªvBwfs , mvgwiK evwnbx cªwk¶‡b , wPwKrmv †¶‡Î cªf„wZ |
fvP©yqvj wi‡qwjwUi †¶Î mg~n cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡j cªwZqgvb nq †h , gvbe m¤ú` Dbœq‡b D‡jøwLZ cªhyw³ e¨vcK Ae`vb ivL‡Z
m¶g n‡”Q |

9. wb‡Pi `„k¨Kí Abyhvqx wb‡Pi cªkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI

`„k¨Kí-1 t djg~j
`„k¨Kí-2 t Miæ
ÕLÕ wWwRUvj †gjvq GKwU weÁvb cª‡R‡± Dc¯’vcbvq †Kvbiæc Z_¨myÎ D‡jøL e¨ZxZ Ges K„ZÁZv cªKvk QvovB AwWI ,
wfWI Ges Z_¨ e¨envi K‡i | wePviKMb welqwUi cªwZ Zvi `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡j †m G welqwU Rvb‡Zv bv e‡j `ytL cªKvk K‡i
|
K. ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· Kv‡K e‡j ?
L. wPwKrmv †mevq AvwU©wdmvj B‡›Uwj‡RwÝ Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©_ ? e¨vL¨v Ki
M. `„k¨Kí-1 G Kvb cªhyw³i cªwZ Bw½Z cª`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q ? e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. `„k¨Kí-2 Abyhvqx ÕLÕ Gi AvPib Z_¨ cªhyw³i ˆbwZKZvi Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki |
9 bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. Rxe msµvšÍ Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi Kv‡R K¤úDUvi cªh³ y i cª‡qvM& n‡jv ev‡qvBbdi‡gwU· |
L. gvby‡li wPšÍvfvebv ¸‡jv h‡š¿i gv‡a¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡jv AvwU©wdmvj B‡›Uwj‡RÝ | gvBwmb GKwU PwKrmv msµvšÍ `¶
K„wËg e¨e¯’v | gvBwmb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K wPwKrmv msµvšÍ mgvav‡b wPwKrm‡Ki b¨vq KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i |
M. `„k¨Kí-1 G †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis cªhyw³i cªwZ Bw½Z †`Iqv n‡q‡Q |
N. Z_¨ myÎ D‡jøL e¨ZxZ †Kvb Qwe e¨envi , AwWI-wfwWI Ges Z_¨ e¨envi Kiv GKwU Ab¨vq KvR | G ai‡bi Aciva
n‡jv †cøwRqvwiRg | wWwRUvj †gjvq cª‡R‡±i gva¨‡g A‡b¨i †Kvb Z_¨ cª`k©b Kiv n‡j Aek¨B Z_¨ myÎ D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ |
`„k¨Kí-2 Gi DwÏcK Abymv‡i ÕLÕ A‡b¨i Qwe I AwWI-wfwWI Ges Z_¨- Z_¨myÎ D‡jøL e¨ZxZ cª`k©b K‡i Zvi AÁZvi
cwiPq w`‡q‡Q | ciZ©x‡Z †m Zvi K„ZK‡g©i Rb¨ `ytL cªKvk Kivq BwZevPK g‡bvfve cªKvwkZ n‡q‡Q |

10. AvjgWv½v BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K›`ªwU GLb Lye Rbwcªq | m‡Ëv‡iva Avwgbv †eMg Zvi cªevmx †Q‡j , †Q‡ji eD I bvZx
bvZbx‡K mivmwi †`‡L K_v e‡j G‡m‡Qb | Riæix GKwU KvR ¯‹&hvb K‡i gyn~‡Z© cvVv‡bv n‡jv kwd‡Ki Kv‡Q | Gme †`‡L
e„× ReŸvi Avjx e‡j , Ó Zv¾e e¨vcvi ! Avgv‡`i mgq wPwV Avm‡ZB jvMZ mvZw`b | D³ Mªv‡gi iv‡njv weG cvm K‡iI
†Kvb PvKywi bv †c‡q nZvkvMª¯’ | GKw`b Zvi K‡jR wk¶K Zv‡K cªwk¶Y Mªnb K‡i BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K›`ª bvix D‡`¨v³v
n‡Z civgk© w`‡jb |

K. b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR Kx?
L. B-Kgvm© c‡Y¨i µq-weµq‡K Kxfv‡e mnR K‡i‡Q e¨vL¨v Ki ?
M. DwÏc‡K wek¦Mªvg avibvi mv‡_ mswkøó †Kvb Dcv`vbwUi cªfve j¶ Kiv hvq| e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. iv‡n‡ji mgm¨v mgvav‡b cª`Ë civg‡k©i Kvh©KvwiZv we‡kølY Ki |
10 bs cª‡kœi DËi

K. b¨‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR ev b¨v‡bv cªhyw³‡K ms‡¶‡c b¨v‡bv‡UK ejv nq | b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR c`v_©‡K AvYweK ch©v‡q cwieZ©b I
wbqš¿b Kivi we`¨v |
L. e¨emvq-evwY‡R¨i B‡jKÆwbK gva¨‡g B-Kgvm© e‡j | †µZv †Kvb cY¨ m¤ú‡K© AvMªnx n‡j I‡qe‡cB‡Ri AW©vi dg©wU cyiY
K‡i we‡µZvi wbKU cª`vb K‡ib | Ges GKB c×wZ‡Z †µwWU Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡ib | Avi we‡µZv Zvi wbR¯^
e¨e¯’vcbvq `ªZ †µZvi wbKU cY¨ †cŠ‡Q †`q | B›Uvi‡bUwfwËK Giæc µq c×wZ‡K Ab-jvBb kwcs ejv nq | Ges
B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK mvgwMªK G e¨emvq e¨e¯’vcbvqB n‡jv B-Kgvm© |
M.DwÏc‡K wek¦Mªv‡gi avibvi mv‡_ †h Dcv`vbwU mswkøó Zvi bvg †hvMv‡hvM | Avi GB †hvMv‡hvM Ab¨Zg `ywU Dcvq n‡jv
¯‹vBwc I B-‡gBj | Av‡gbv †eMg ¯‹vBwc e¨envi K‡i Qwe †`‡L K_v e‡jb Ges B-‡gBj e¨envi K‡i cª‡qvRbxq Z_¨vw`
cvVvb | Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq , Av‡gbv †eMg wek¦Mªv‡gi †hvMv‡hvM Dcv`vbwUB e¨envi K‡ib |

N. iv‡njvi mgm¨v mgvav‡b wk¶‡Ki civgk© h‡_ô Kvh©Ki wQj | Kvib Z_¨ cªhyw³i cªwk¶‡bi Afv‡e †m †Kvb Kg©ms¯’vb
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb | K‡jR wk¶‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx iv‡njv Z_¨ I cªhyw³i Dci cªwk¶b Mªnb Kivi wm×všÍ †bb | D³ cªwk¶Y
Mªn‡bi d‡j iv‡njv BDwbqb Z_¨ †mev †K‡›`ª GKRb mdj D‡`¨v³v n‡Z cv‡i | d‡j †m Zvi BDwbq‡bi bvix‡`i †mev w`‡Z
cvi‡e | †eKviZ¡ nªvm cv‡e Ges BDwbq‡bi A_©‰bwZK cwieZ©bb mvwaZ n‡e |

11 mvweŸi I Avwmd `yB eÜy | covïbv †kl K‡i mvweŸi wb‡R GKUv e¨emv ïiæ K‡ib | e¨emvi cY¨ mvgMªx µq-weµq I
Ab¨vb¨ e¨emvwqK Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wbR¯^ I‡qemvBU I B-‡gBj GKvDÛ Ly‡j cY¨-`ª‡e¨i weÁvcb w`‡q Aí mg‡q †m
e¨eemvq DbœwZ Ges L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i | Aci w`‡K Avwmd PvKywi bv †c‡q `xN©w`b †eKvi †_‡K Ae‡k‡l Zvi eÜyi civg‡k©
¯’vbxq hye Dbœqb cªwk¶b †K‡›`ª †_‡K cªwk¶b wb‡q †m N‡i e‡mB GK we‡kl Dcv‡q ˆe`vwkK gy`ªv AR©b K‡i wb‡R ¯^vej¤^x
n‡Z †c‡i‡Q | Avwm‡di mdjZvq AvbycªvwYZ n‡q Av‡k cv‡ki †eKvi hye‡Kiv Zv‡K Abymib Ki‡Z AvMªnx n‡jv |
K. µv‡qvmvR©vwi Kx?
L. ÓavRKvj N‡i e‡m †KbvKvUv AwaKZi myweavRbK Ó - e¨vL¨v Ki |
M.DwÏc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mvweŸ‡ii Kg©KvÛ e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. Ó evsjv‡`‡ki hye mgv‡R †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Y Avwm‡di AbyKibxq `„óvšÍ Ó - Dw³wUi †hŠw³KZv we‡kølY Ki |

11 bs cª‡kœi DËi
K. µv‡qvmvR©vwi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ hv Lye wbgœ ZvcgvÎvq ev kxZjxKi‡Yi gv‡a¨‡g kix‡ii Amy¯’ A¯^vfvweK
wUm¨y‡K aesm K‡i |

L. AvRKvj N‡i e‡m †KbvKvUv Ab jvBb kwcs AwaKZi mnR | B›Uvi‡bU ev Ab¨ †Kvb B‡jKUªwb· wgwWqvi gva¨‡g †Kvb
e¨w³ cY¨ wKb‡j Zv‡K AbjvBb kwcs e‡j | AvRKvj kwcs g‡j wM‡q iv¯Ívq hvbhU , UvK Pywi wQbZvB nIqvi fq _v‡K
|ZvB AbjvB‡b †KbvKvUv Kiv AwaKZi hyw³hy³ |

M. mvweŸ‡ii e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg B-Kgvm© wbf©i | B‡jKUªwbK&&i Kgvm©‡K ms‡¶‡c B-Kgvm© e‡j | AvaywbK †Wvu cª‡mm Ges
Kw¤úDUvi wfwËK †bUIqvK© e¨e¯’v we‡kl B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g e¨w³ ev cªwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ cY¨ ev †mev gv‡KwU©s , µq -weµq ,
Mªnb wewj Kiv , e¨emv msµvšÍ †jb‡`b BZ¨vw` KivB n‡”Q B-Kgvm© | AvaywbK e¨emv we`¨v †hLv‡b wewfbœ cY¨ Drcv`bKvix
cªwZôvb Zv‡`i c‡Y¨i weeib , `vg g‡Wj BZ¨vw` weÁvcb AvKv‡i Zv‡`i I‡qe‡cB‡R cª`k©b K‡i |

B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e‡`Šj‡Z we‡k¦i †h‡Kvb cªv‡šÍi †Kvb e¨w³ ev cªwZôvb Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i Gme Z_¨ †`L‡Z cvq | †µZv †Kvb cY¨
m¤ú‡K© AvMªnx n‡j I‡qe‡cB‡Ri AW©vi dg©wU c~iY K‡i we‡µZvi wbKU cª`vb K‡i Ges GKB c×wZ‡Z †µwWU Kv‡W©i
gv‡a¨‡g g~j¨ cwi‡kva K‡i | Avi we‡µZv Zvi wbR¯^ e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡m `ªZ †µZvi wbKU cY¨ †cŠ‡Q †`q | B›Uvi‡bU
wfwËK Giæc µq c×wZ‡K AbjvBb kwcs ejv nq Ges B›Uvi‡bUwfwËK mvgwMªK G e¨emv e¨e¯’vcbvB n‡jv B-Kgvm© |

N. evsjv‡`‡ki hye mgv‡Ri †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Y Avwmd AbyKiYxq `„óvšÍ | AvDU †mvwm©s Gi d‡j GgbwU m¤¢e n‡q‡Q |
eZ©gv‡b Z_¨ cªhyw³ †¶‡Î AvDU‡mvwm©s kãwU Kg©ms¯’v‡bi mv‡_ eûjfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q | †`‡k †_‡KB Z_¨ cªhyw³i mvnv‡h¨
ˆewk¦K Kv‡Ri evRv‡i Ny‡i †eov‡bvi †¶‡Î AbjvB‡b cwiwPZ GKwU bvg bvg AvDU‡mvwm©s | DbœZ we‡k¦i †Kvb cªwZôv‡bi
KvR¸‡jv hLb B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gv‡a¨‡g †Kvb cªwZôvb A_ev e¨w³i gva¨‡g Kiv‡bv n‡q _v‡K Zv‡KB g~jZ AvDU‡mvwm©s wn‡m‡e
AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K |

AbjvBb AvDU‡mvwm©s Gi mv‡_ RwoZ _vKv Av‡iKwU kã n‡jv wdªj¨vwÝs | AvDU‡mvwm©s eZ©gv‡m mg‡q evsjv‡`‡kmn we‡k¦i
A‡bK †`‡k A_©‰bwZK PvwjKv kw³i Ab¨Zg wfwË , we‡kl K‡i Ziæb‡`i Kv‡Q hviv covïbv cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri c‡KU LiP
Pvjv‡bvi c_ wn‡m‡e GwU‡K Mªnb K‡i‡Qb | ZvQvov A‡bK †cªvMªvgvi N‡i e‡m DbœZ †`‡ki mv‡_ cvjøv w`‡q we‡k¦‡miv
mdUIqvi ˆZwi K‡i B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g Avq Ki‡Q | G‡Z cªPyi †jv‡Ki AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb mywó n‡”Q | eZ©gv‡b †gvevB‡j
A¨vcm ˆZwi K‡iI Kg©ms¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Q |

AvBwmwU 1g Aa¨vq :m„Rbkxj †evW© cªkœ I DËi

‡evW© m„Rbkxj cªkœ 12 I mgvavb

12. Gg.Gm.wm cvm Kivi ci kwdK GKw`b Zvi mncvwV kvwn‡bi KjvevMv‡b evmvq hvq | D”Pyi wWwMª AR©‡bi Rb¨ †m
Rvcv‡bi bvMvmvwi wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡Z Pvq | fwZ© msµvšÍ Z_¨vw` †m kvwn‡bi j¨vcUc †_‡K †gvevB‡j wb‡q †bq | D‡jøL¨
†h kwd‡Ki †gvevBjwU B›Uvi‡bU mv‡cvU© K‡i bv | kwdK cwÎKvq coj †h , eo cyKywiqv Kqjv Lwb‡Z KvR Kivi mgq
K‡qKRb kªwg‡Ki cªvbnvwb N‡U‡Q | †m kvwn‡bi evmv †_‡K ¯^í `~iZ¡ AwZµ‡gi c‡_ eviwU c‡q‡›U UªvwdK wmMb¨v‡j AvUKv
c‡o | Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡b †m †cvMªvg wbqwš¿Z Kw¤úDUvi wbf©i h‡š¿i K_v wPšÍv Kij | ZLb †m D³ cªhyw³ msµvšÍ wel‡q
D”Pyi wWwMª AR©b K‡i †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Y KvR Kivi wm×všÍ †bq|
K. AvDU‡mvwm©s Kx ?
L. Ón¨vÛ wR‡qv‡gwUª e¨envi K‡i gvbyl‡K AwØZxqfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq Ó - e¨vL¨v Ki |
M. kwdK †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i †Wvu Mªnb K‡iwQj ? e¨vL¨v Ki |
N. kwd‡Ki D”Pyi wWwMª AR©‡bi welq wbe©vP‡bi wm×všÍ KZUyKy †hŠw³K ? we‡kølYc~e©K gZvgZ `vI