SQL Commands:

-------------
1)DDL(Data definition language)
(i)create
(ii)alter
(iii)rename
(iv)modify
(v)add
(vi)truncate
(vii)drop

2)DML(Data manipulation language)

(i)insert
(ii)update
(iii)delete
(iv)merge

3)TCL(Transaction control language)

(i)commit
(ii)rollback
(iii)savepoint

4)DCL(Data control language)

(i)grant
(ii)revoke

5)DQL(Data query language)

(i)select

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 (EMPNO NUMBER(4),
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 SAL NUMBER(6),
5 PASSPORT CHAR(10),
6 HIREDATE DATE,
7 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAL NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 RENAME COLUMN SAL TO SALARY;

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
 ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> RENAME EMPLOYEE TO EMPLOYEEES;

Table renamed.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

ERROR:
ORA-04043: object EMPLOYEE does not exist

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 MODIFY ENAME VARCHAR2(20);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 MODIFY DEPTNO CHAR(2);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO CHAR(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 ADD AGE NUMBER(3);

Table altered.
SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO CHAR(2)
AGE NUMBER(3)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES

2 ADD (ADHAR CHAR(16),
3 JOB VARCHAR2(10));
ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 ADD (ADHAR CHAR(16),
3* JOB VARCHAR2(10))
SQL> /

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
HIREDATE DATE
DEPTNO CHAR(2)
AGE NUMBER(3)
ADHAR CHAR(16)
JOB VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 DROP COLUMN HIREDATE;

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO CHAR(2)
AGE NUMBER(3)
ADHAR CHAR(16)
 JOB VARCHAR2(10)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES

2 DROP (JOB, ADHAR, AGE, PASSPORT);
ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 DROP (JOB, ADHAR, AGE, PASSPORT);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
DEPTNO CHAR(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES

2 MODIFY (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
3 SALARY NUMBER(8));
ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> ED
Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEEES

2 MODIFY (DEPTNO NUMBER(2),
3* SALARY NUMBER(8))
SQL> /

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEEES;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(8)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL>\

4566767 (8, -3)

4566700

4566767 (8, -4)

4570000
--->19/08

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 (EMPNO NUMBER(4),
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 SAL NUMBER(6),
5 HIREDATE DATE,
6 PASSPORT CHAR(10),
7 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAL NUMBER(6)
HIREDATE DATE
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE

2 RENAME COLUMN SAL TO SALARY;

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
HIREDATE DATE
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> RENAME EMPLOYEE TO EMPLOYEE1;

Table renamed.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

ERROR:
ORA-04043: object EMPLOYEE does not exist

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE1;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
HIREDATE DATE
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE1

2 MODIFY ENAME VARCHAR2(20);
Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE1;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
HIREDATE DATE
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE1

2 MODIFY DEPTNO CHAR(2);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE1;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
HIREDATE DATE
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO CHAR(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE1

2 ADD AGE NUMBER(3);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE1;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
HIREDATE DATE
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO CHAR(2)
AGE NUMBER(3)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE1

2 DROP (AGE, HIREDATE);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE1;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(20)
SALARY NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(10)
DEPTNO CHAR(2)

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT DEPTNO) VALUES(1001, 'A',
20000, 'VHGHGHG4', 10);
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT DEPTNO) VALUES(1001, 'A',
20000, 'VHGHGHG4', 10)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00917: missing comma

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1001,

'A', 20000, 'VHGHGHG4', 10);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

no rows selected

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1001,

'A', 20000, 'VHGHGHG4', 10);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1002,

'B', 25000, 'JKSJDHG4', 20);
1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1003,

'C', 27000, 'JK78SHG4', 30);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 27000 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1002,

'B', 25000, 'JKSJDHG4', 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE1(EMPNO, ENAME, SALARY, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1003,

'C', 27000, 'JK78SHG4', 30);

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 27000 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 27000 JK78SHG4 30
SQL> UPDATE EMPLOYEE1
2 SET SALARY=SALARY+(SALARY*10/100) WHERE EMPNO=1003;

1 row updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 27000 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> UPDATE EMPLOYEE1

2 SET SALARY=SALARY+(SALARY*10/100) WHERE EMPNO=1003;

1 row updated.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE1 WHERE EMPNO=1002;

1 row deleted.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1002 B 25000 JKSJDHG4 20
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE1 WHERE EMPNO=1002;

1 row deleted.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE1;

2 rows deleted.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

no rows selected

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

 EMPNO ENAME SALARY PASSPORT DE
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --
1001 A 20000 VHGHGHG4 10
1003 C 29700 JK78SHG4 30

SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE1 WHERE EMPNO=1002;

TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE1 WHERE EMPNO=1002
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03291: Invalid truncate option - missing STORAGE keyword

SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE1;

Table truncated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

no rows selected

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

no rows selected

SQL> DROP TABLE EMPLOYEE1;

Table dropped.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

--->20/08

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE11

2 (EMPNO NUMBER(4),
3 ENAME VARCHAR2(10),
4 SAL NUMBER(6),
5 PASSPORT CHAR(10),
6 DEPTNO NUMBER(2));

Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1001, 'A',
20000, 'HJJ6SDFDS', 10);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

no rows selected

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1001, 'A',
20000, 'HJJ6SDFDS', 10);

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1002, 'B',
22000, 'HJHK8DFDS', 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1003, 'C',
27000, 'HJMLKSSDS', 30);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
 1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1002, 'B',
22000, 'HJHK8DFDS', 20);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1003, 'C',
27000, 'HJMLKSSDS', 30);

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1004, 'D',
29000, NULL, 10);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
 1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11 VALUES(1005, 'E', 32000, 'GHJHJ567S', 30);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11 VALUES(1006, 'F', NULL, 'GJKSD567S', 10);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10

6 rows selected.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11 VALUES(1007, 'F', NULL, NULL, NULL);

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F

7 rows selected.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME) VALUES(1008, 'G');

1 row created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> UPDATE EMPLOYEE11

2 SET PASSPORT='GJJHJIH67' WHERE EMPNO=1004;

1 row updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
 1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> UPDATE EMPLOYEE11

2 SET PASSPORT='GJJHJIH67' WHERE EMPNO=1004;

1 row updated.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> UPDATE EMPLOYEE11

2 SET SAL=30000, PASSPORT='GUJJKJU67', DEPTNO=20 WHERE EMPNO=1007;

1 row updated.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F
1008 G

8 rows selected.

SQL> UPDATE EMPLOYEE11

2 SET SAL=30000, PASSPORT='GUJJKJU67', DEPTNO=20 WHERE EMPNO=1007 OR EMPNO=1008;

2 rows updated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20

8 rows selected.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(&EMPNO,

&ENAME, &SAL, &PASSPORT, &DEPTNO);
Enter value for empno: 1009
Enter value for ename: 'H'
Enter value for sal: 23000
Enter value for passport: 'FDHHK675'
Enter value for deptno: 30
old 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(&EMPNO,
&ENAME, &SAL, &PASSPORT, &DEPTNO)
new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1009,
'H', 23000, 'FDHHK675', 30)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for empno: 1010
Enter value for ename: 'I'
Enter value for sal: 27000
Enter value for passport: 'GHJ677SDR'
Enter value for deptno: 30
old 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(&EMPNO,
&ENAME, &SAL, &PASSPORT, &DEPTNO)
new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1010,
'I', 27000, 'GHJ677SDR', 30)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for empno: 1011
Enter value for ename: 'J'
Enter value for sal: 29000
Enter value for passport: 'HJJ7676S'
Enter value for deptno: 40
old 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(&EMPNO,
&ENAME, &SAL, &PASSPORT, &DEPTNO)
new 1: INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(EMPNO, ENAME, SAL, PASSPORT, DEPTNO) VALUES(1011,
'J', 29000, 'HJJ7676S', 40)

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40
11 rows selected.

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE11

2 MODIFY PASSPORT CHAR(15);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE11;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAL NUMBER(6)
PASSPORT CHAR(15)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE11

2 MODIFY SAL NUMBER(8);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE11;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAL NUMBER(8)
PASSPORT CHAR(15)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE11

2 MODIFY SAL CHAR(10);
MODIFY SAL CHAR(10)
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01439: column to be modified must be empty to change datatype

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE11_BKP AS SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

Table created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11_BKP;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE11;

Table truncated.

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE11

2 MODIFY SAL CHAR(10);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE11;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAL CHAR(10)
PASSPORT CHAR(15)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

no rows selected

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11_BKP);

11 rows created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
 1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE11;

Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
SAL CHAR(10)
PASSPORT CHAR(15)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

no rows selected

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE11(SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11_BKP);

11 rows created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEE11

2 MODIFY DEPTNO NUMBER(3);

Table altered.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
 1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE11 WHERE DEPTNO=10;

3 rows deleted.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

8 rows selected.

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1001 A 20000 HJJ6SDFDS 10
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
 1004 D 29000 GJJHJIH67 10
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1006 F GJKSD567S 10
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

11 rows selected.

SQL> DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE11 WHERE DEPTNO=10;

3 rows deleted.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

8 rows selected.

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

EMPNO ENAME SAL PASSPORT DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- ----------
1002 B 22000 HJHK8DFDS 20
1003 C 27000 HJMLKSSDS 30
1005 E 32000 GHJHJ567S 30
1007 F 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1008 G 30000 GUJJKJU67 20
1009 H 23000 FDHHK675 30
1010 I 27000 GHJ677SDR 30
1011 J 29000 HJJ7676S 40

8 rows selected.

SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE11 WHERE DEPTNO=20;

TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE11 WHERE DEPTNO=20
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03291: Invalid truncate option - missing STORAGE keyword
SQL> TRUNCATE TABLE EMPLOYEE11;

Table truncated.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

no rows selected

SQL> ROLLBACK;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

no rows selected

SQL> DROP TABLE EMPLOYEE11;

Table dropped.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE11
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist