VELEZ COLLEGE

College of Occupational and Physical Therapy

Department of Physical Therapy
First Semester 2022- 2023
Gross Anatomy 2 Laboratory
Worksheet No. 2
Back and Spine Anatomy

NAME:
Section:

Instructions: Label the following parts of the images that describes the detailed structure of the
anatomy of the back and spine. Make use of the checklist provided as a guide to identify the
specific part. Resource material may not be limited to the reference book.

THE CERVICAL REGION

THE ATLAS (C1) -

ANTERIOR TUBERKE

A. Superior view
(1) facet for the odontoid process /
anterior tubercle of the atlas (10) dens / articular facet for dens

anterior arch (9) (2) anterior tubercle of the

transverse process

transverse foramen (8) (3) transverse

process

(4) posterior tubercle

of the transverse
process

(5) posterior arch

(6) posterior tubercle of the atlas

(7) vertebral foramen

Figure 1

A. Inferior view

anterior tubercle of the atlas (10) (1) facet for the odontoid process /
dens / articular facet for dens

(2) anterior tubercle

anterior arch (9) of the transverse
process

transverse process (8) (3) transverse foramen

(4) posterior tubercle

of the transverse
process

(5) posterior arch

vertebral foramen (7)
(6) posterior tubercle of the atlas

Figure 2
 THE AXIS (C2)

A. Posterosuperior view

(1) odontoid process / dens

(2) superior articular facet

(3) transverse process

(4) inferior articular process

vertebral foramen (6)

(5) spinous process

Figure 3

B. Anterosuperior view

(1) spinous process

(2) odontoid process / dens

(3) facet for the atlas / articular facet

for the anterior arch of the atlas

(4) superior articular facet

I
(6) body
(5) pedicle

Figure 4
 THE C4 VERTEBRA

A. Inferior view

(1) spinous process

(2) laminae

pedicle (7)
(3) posterior tubercle of
the transverse process

(4) anterior tubercle of the

transverse process
(6) transverse foramen
Figure 5
(5) vertebral body / body of the vertebra

B. Superior view

(1) spinous process

superior articular (2) vetebral foramen

facet / process (6)

transverse foramen (5)

(3) vertebral body / body of the vertebra

Figure 6

(4) uncus / uncinate process

 THE C7 VERTEBRA

A. Anterosuperior view

(1) spinous process

vertebral foramen (9)

(2) lamina
(3) inferior articular process

(4) superior articular process / facet

transverse process (8)

transverse foramen (7) (5) pedicle

(6) vertebral body / body of the vertebra

Figure 7

B. Posterosuperior view

(1) vertebral body / body of the vertebra

(2) superior articular process / facet

(3) transverse process

(4) inferior articular process

(5) lamina

(6) spinous process

Figure 8
 THE THORACIC REGION

T5 VERTEBRA

A. Lateral view
(1) superior vertebral notch

W
superior articular process (8)

pedicle (7) (2) demifacet for the head of the rib

facet for the tubercle of the rib (6)

⑧
-
(3) inferior vertebral notch

spinous process (5)

-
(4) inferior articular process

Figure 9

B. Superior view

(1) spinous process

(2) lamina

(3) transverse process

(4) superior articular process

(5) pedicle

(6) vertebral foramen

Figure 10
(7) vertebral body
 THE LUMBAR REGION

A. Superior view

(1) spinous process

lamina (7)

(2) mammillary process

(3) transverse process

vertebral foramen (6) (4) superior articular process

Figure 11
(5) vertebral body / body of the vertebra

B. Posterolateral view
(1) superior vertebral notch
(2) pedicle
superior articular process (9) (3) vertebral body / body of the vertebra

W
mammillary process (8)

lamina (7)

0
(4) inferior vertebral notch

Figure 12 (5) inferior articular process

(6) spinous process

 THE SACRUM AND COCCYX

A. Anterior view
lumbosacral articular surface (9)

superior articular process (8) (1) base of the sacrum (2) sacral
promontory

(3) body of the 1st

sacral vertebra

ala (7)

(4) anterior / ventral

sacral foramina
transverse ridges (6)

(5) apex of the sacrum

Figure 13
 THE SACRUM AND COCCYX

A. Posterior view

(9) superior articular process

(1) sacral canal

(2) articular surface /

facet for the ilium

lateral sacral crest (8)

median sacral crest (7)

(3) posterior / dorsal

sacral foramina

intermediate sacral crest (6)

(4) sacral cornu / sacral horn

(10) coccygeal cornu

(11) transverse process of the coccyx

(5) sacral hiatus

Figure 14
 THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK

(1) semispinalis capitis

upper trapezius (a)

E
(2) splenius capitis

trapezius (11) middle trapezius (b)

(3) splenius cervicis

(4) levator scapulae

lower trapezius (c)

(5) rhomboid minor

(6) rhomboid major

(a) spinalis

(b) longissimus
(c) illiocostalis
3 (7) erector
spinae

latissimus dorsi (10)

(8) serratus posterior

thoracolumbular fascia (9)

Figure 15
 JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS OF THE BACK

LUMBOSACRAL SECTION

A. Anterior view

(1) intertransverse ligaments

anterior longitudinal ligament (2)

Figure 16

B. Posterior view

intraspinous ligaments (3) (1) supraspinous ligaments

(2) lumbosacral joint

Figure 17
 C. Lateral view

(1) posterior longitudinal

ligament

(2) ligamentum flavum

intervertebral joints (4) ⑧
(3) facet joint / zygopophyseal
joint / apophyseal joint

Figure 18