THE SPANISH LANGUAGE

THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS MASTERING SPANISH

Are you about to start learning Spanish, or have you missed out on
properly learning the Spanish alphabet? Then you’ve come to right place!
The Spanish letters and their pronunciation are the basis of the
whole Spanish language and it is essential to know them in order to
become fluent in Spanish.

General Information
The Spanish alphabet is called “abecedario” or “alfabeto”. It
consists of 27 letters (22 consonant and 5 vowels). We need to learn it, as
it is the basis of the whole language and it will help you when it comes to
understand its speakers with your pronunciation. As you may have
noticed, that’s one more letter than in the English alphabet! The Spanish
alphabet has an additional letter ñ.

We will show you how to pronounce each of these letters, which also
depends on the position they have in the word, give you examples of their
use and make you practice their pronunciation. Let’s get started!

Read the table below, you will find the letters in the abecedario,
along with their Spanish name/s.

A B C D E F
(a) (be) (ce) (de) (e) (efe)

G H I J K L
(ge) (hache) (i) (jota) (ka) (ele)

M N Ñ O P Q
(eme) (ene) (eñe) (o) (pe) (cu)

R S T U V W
(erre) (ese) (te) (u) (uve) (doble uve)

X Y Z
(equis) (i griega/ ye) (zeta)

SPANISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND VERB CONJUGATION BASICS

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  Verbs are action words.
 The infinitive form of the verb is the most basic form of the verb. In
Spanish, the infinitive ends in -AR, -ER, or -IR. In English the
infinitive includes the word to.

EXAMPLES:

Verb in the infinitive word

English Spanish
To run Corer
To sleep Dormir
To dance Bailar
To sing Cantar
To draw dibujar

 The verb changes to agree with the subject that is carrying out the
action of the verb. Who is performing the action? Who runs? Does
he run or do we run?

 The subject pronouns represent the subject in the sentence.

Subject pronouns
Singular Plural
yo I nosotros we
tú You vosotros you-all
el He ellos they (m.)
ella She ellas them(f.)
usted You (formal) ustedes you-all

 Each person represents a person in grammar.

 yo is first person singular.
 nosotros is first person plural.
 hi is second person singular.
 vosotros is second person plural.
 el, ella and usted are all 3rd person singular.
 ellos, ellas and ustedes are all 3rd person plural.

 In the Spanish language, words can be masculine or feminine,

singular or plural. Therefore, all nouns and subject pronouns must

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 agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (plurality or
singularity).

 Ellos is a masculine plural subject pronoun and therefore

refers to a group of males or a group of males and females
 Ellas is feminine plural subject pronounce and therefore
refers to ONLY a group of females.
 Groups of males and females are always addressed as
masculine plural (ellos).

 In Spanish, there is an informal and a formal way to address others

when speaking to them.

 Tu and usted both translate to mean “you” in English. The

difference between them is that one is more formal than the
other.

 Usted is the more formal form. It is used in any

situation where one would be polite, as when speaking
to a stranger, elderly person, or a person of authority
(like a boss or a teacher).
 Tu is more familiar and used when speaking to family,
friends, peers or a child.

So, how do you know which puzzle piece you need in order to form the
correct verb? There are some concrete rules you can follow.

1. GET TO KNOW THE BASICS OF SPANISH CONJUGATION

In a nutshell, verb conjugation consists of these two steps:
 Look for the person performing the action.
 Add the appropriate ending.
When conjugating Spanish verbs in the present tense, first identify who’s
performing the action. This is your “subject”. There are eight possible
subjects:
 Yo – I
 Tu – you (singular informal)
 Usted – you (singular formal)
 El/ella – he, she
 Nosotros/ nosotras – we
 Vosotros/ vosotras – you (plural informal)
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  Ustedes – you (plural fosrmal)
 Ellos/ellas – them

Note that although there are eight subjects, there are only six forms of
verb conjugation. El, ella, and usted (he, she, you) are conjugated the
same, as are ellos, ellas, and ustedes (them, plural you).
Now that we know who’s performing the action, we can do the actual
verb conjugation. We’ll need to pick the correct verb ending depending on
who the subject is.
Spanish verb infinitives (a.k.a. the dictionary version of the verb) end in
the letters -ar, -er, or -ir.
To conjugate an infinitive, remove the final two letters and add the
appropriate ending.
The appropriate ending depends on:
 Which tense you’re using (i.e. do you want to talk about the past,
present or future?)
 Which mood you’re using (i.e. are you asking a question, stating a
desire or making a command?)
 Whether the verb is regular or irregular.

Let’s start with one of the most common tenses: THE PRESENT TENSE.
2. LEARN HOW TO CONJUGATE REGULAR VERBS IN THE PRESENT
TENSE
The Spanish present tense tells facts that are true in the current
moment:
Yo quire un gato. (I want a cat).
It is also used for general statements.
Yo hablo español. (I speak Spanish.)
It is the most basic and common Spanish tense, so it’s the ideal
place for beginner conjugators to get started.
The following tables will demonstrate how to conjugate all regular
verbs based on their endings.

-ar Verbs

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Here’s how you’d conjugate hablar (to speak). You use the same verb
endings to conjugate other regular -ar verbs.

-ar Verbs in the Present Tense

Yo -o hablo yo hablo
Tu -as hablas tu hablas
Usted -a habla usted/el/ella habla
El
ella
Nosotros/as -amos hablamos nosotros/as hablamos
Vosotros/as -ais hablais vosotros/as hablais
Ustedes -an hablan ustedes/ellos/ellas hablan
Ellos
Ellas

-er Verbs
For regular -er verbs, such as comer (to eat).

-er verbs in the present tense

Yo -o como yo como

Tu -es comes tu comes

Usted -e come usted/el/ella come

El
ella
Nosotros/as -emos comemo nosotros/as comemos
Vosotros/as -eis comeis vosotros/as comeis
Ustedes -en comen ustedes/ellos/ellas comen
Ellos
Ellas

-ir Verbs
For regular -ir verbs, such as vivir (to live).
-ir Verbs in the Present Tense
Yo -o vivo yo vivo

Tu -es vives tu vives

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Usted -e vive usted/el/ella vive
El
Ella

Nosotros/as -imos vivimos nosotros/as vivimos

Vosotros/as -is vivis vosotros/as vivis

Ustedes - en viven ustedes/ellos/ellas

Ellos viven
Ellas

You’ll notice that all present tense conjugations have the same first-
person conjugation, regardless of the verb ending. Seems easy enough,
right?
So, for example, to say the sentence “I wash myself” in Spanish,
you’ll be using the verb lavarse.
When, conjugated, the sentence becomes yo me lavo.
Here are a few more examples:
Pedro se ducha todos los dias. (Pedro showers himself every day.)
Siempre me acuesto a alas dies. (I always go to bed at 10 p.m.)
Por que no te afeitas? (Why don’t you shave yourself?)

4. LEARN HOW TO CONJUGATE IN THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

The present progressive tense is used to refer to actions happening

right now. In the English language, this would refer to verbs ending -ing.
To form sentences in the present progressive, you must first know
how to conjugate the verb estar (to be).
Estar in the Present Tense
Yo -yo estoy yo estoy

Tu -as estas tu estas

Usted -a esta usted/el/ella esta

El
Ella

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Nosotros/as -amos estamos nosotros/as estamos

Vosotros/as -ais estais vosotros/as estais

Ustedes -an estan ustedes/ellos/ellas estan

Ellos
Ellas

Then, change the ending of the action verb as follows:

 -ar to -ando
 -er/-ir to -iendo
Lets’s take use the word escribir (to write) as an example. How should
we form the sentence “I am writing” in Spanish?
 First, conjugate estar in the yo form, estoy.
 Then, change the word escribir to escribiendo.
 Then, combine the two to get estoy escribiendo (I am writing).

To make things easier for you, here is the full list of the present
progressive endings:
Yo estoy Yo estoy hablando
yo estoy comiendo
yo estoy viviendo

Tu estas tu estas hablando

tu estas comiendo
tu estas viviendo

Usted esta usted/el/ella esta hablando

ella usted/el/ella esta comiendo
El usted/el/ella esta viviendo
Ella

Nosotros/as estamos nosotros/as estamos hablando

nosotros/as estamos comiendo
nosotros/as estamos viviendo

Vosotros/as estais vosotros/as estais hablando

vosotros/as estais comiendo
vosotros/as estais viviendo

Ustedes estan ustedes/ellos/ ellas estan hablando

Ellos ustedes/ellos/ ellas estan comiendo
Ellas ustedes/ ellos/ ellas estan viviendo
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And here are a few examples:
Mi vecino esta llorando. (My neighbor is crying.)
Estamos bebiendo café. (We’re drinking coffee.)
Estoy scribiendo un correo electronico. (I’m writing an email.)

5. LEARN HOW TO CONJUGATE IN THE PAST TENSE

The past tense or the preterite, refers to the simpliest form of the
Spanish past tense. In English conjugating to the past tense would
typically involve adding the suffix -ed to a verb.
Basically, use this tense to talk about things that already happened.

-ar Verbs
The following table will show you how to conjugate -ar verbs in the past
tense.
-ar Verbs in the Past Tense
Yo -e hable yo hable

Tu -aste hablaste tu hablaste

Usted -o hablo usted/el/ella hablo

El
Ella

Nosotros/as -amos hablamos nosotros/as

hablamos

Vosotros/as -asteis hablasteis vosotros/as

hablasteis

Ustedes -aron hablaron ustedes/ellos/ellas

Ellos hablaron
Ellas

-er/-ir Verbs
In this verb tense, the -er and -ir forms have the same ending:
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 -er and -ir Verbs in the Past Tense
Yo -i Comi yo comi
Vivi yo vivi

Tu -iste Comiste tu comiste

Viviste tu viviste

Usted -io Comio usted/el/ella comio

El Vivio usted/el/ella vivio
Ella

Nosotros/as -imos Comimos nosotros/as

Vivimos comimos
nosotros/as
vivimos

Vosotros/as -isteis Comisteis vosotros/as

Vivisteis comisteis
vosotros/as
vivisteis

Ustedes -ieron Comieron ustedes/ellos/ellas

Ellos Vivieron comieron
Ellas ustedes/ellos/ellas
vivieron

Note the placement of accents in this verb tense:

They’re important but are only use for the first and third person.

Here are a few examples:

Ayer llamamos a nuestra abuela. (We called our grandma
yesterday).
Anabel comio pizza anoche. (Anabel ate pizza last night.)
Vivieron 10 años en Buenos Aires. (They lived in buenos aires for 10
years.)

6. LEARN HOW TO CONJUGATE IN THE FUTURE TENSE.

Many consider the future tense to be one of the easiest to conjugate
in Spanish.

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 When you conjugate Spanish verbs to future tense, all ending
suffixes stay the same regardless of whether the verb ends in-ar, -er, or -
ir.
Additionally, you don’t have to drop any letters from the infinitive
before conjugating.
-ar/ -er/ -ir verbs
Here are the verb endings for the future tense:
-er and -ir Verbs in the Future Tense
Yo -e Hablare yo hablare
Comere yo comere
Vivire yo vivire

Tu -as Hablaras tu hablaras

Comeras tu comeras
Viviras tu viviras

Usted -a Hablara usted/el/ella

El Comera hablara
Ella Vivira usted/el/ella
comera
usted/el/ella vivira

Nosotros/as -emos Hablaremos nosotros/as

Comeremos hablaremos
Viviremos nosotros/as
comeremos
nosotros/as
viviremos

Vosotros/as -eis Hablareis vosotros/as

Comereis hablareis
Vivireis vosotros/as
comereis
vosotros/as
vivireis

Ustedes -an Hablaran ustedes/ellos/ellas

Ellos Comeran hablaran
Ellas Viviran ustedes/ellos/ellas
comeran
ustedes/ellos/ellas
viviran

Check out a few more examples of the future tense at work:

Mañana llovera. (It’ll rain tomorrow.)
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 Seras muy feliz aqui. (You’ll be very happy.)
Iremos a dormir muy pronto. (We’ll go to sleep very soon.)

The future tense is simple enough, right?

BODY PARTS IN SPANISH

First, let’s learn the different body parts in Spanish. I’ve broken these
down into general areas of the body and included some tips on how you
can remember them easily.

HEAD IN SPANISH

Your head in Spanish is la cabeza.

Maybe you need to usa tu cabeza, or “use your head” and think
deeper about something.
If you have a headache, then tu tenga dolor de cabeza “you have a
headache- say it in first person by changing tenga to tengo for “I have”.)
along these lines, if you’re under the weather, you may “have a fever and
cough) tener fiebre y tos.

And don’t forget your face, la cara!

Besides la cabeza and la cara, here are the other body parts on your
head and face that you should know:

 Eye: el ojo
 Eyelid: el parpado
 Eyelashes: las pestañas
 Eyebrows: las cejas
 Ear: el oido (inside the ear; la oreja (outer ear; the part you
see)
 Nose: la nariz
 Mouth: la boca
 Jaw: la mandibula
 Lips: los labios
 Teeth: los dientes
 Togue: la lengua
 Throat: la garganta
 Forehead: la frente
 Cheek: la mejilla
 Beard: la barba
 Moustache: el mostacho
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  Chin: la barbilla
 Freckles: las pecas
 Hair: el pelo
 Neck: el cuello
 Brain: el cerebro
 Skull: el craneo

Want to make sure these stick in your mind?

One of my favorite ways to memorize words in other languages is

through mnemonics. This is a simply way to hack your memory so you’ll
rarely forget new words.

Let me show you an example. Cabeza (“head”) is similar to the

Spanish word for cerveza (“beer”). So, my little mnemonic phrase is
“cerveza goes straight to my cabeza.” It is also a bonus that both cerveza
and cabeza are both the same gender, meaning they both use “la”.

Here’s a few more to help you get the idea:

 Teeth are los dientes, which reminds me of “dentures’ so I imagine

fake teeth sitting in a glass next to the bed.
 Hair is pelo and comes from the same Latin origin as “pile” in
English. I picture getting my hair cut, and the pile of pelo on the
floor after.
 Mascara in Spanish means “mask”, but mascara in English is
makeup you put on your face, la cara.
 If you’re an X-men fan, then you know professor X uses cerebro to
harness his brain power to connect with others all over the world.

You can use these for yourself if you like, but you’ll find it much more
effective if you create your own images. Try to get creative and visual
with your associations, and even try building a memory palace.

BODY IN SPANISH

Your whole body in Spanish is called el cuerpo. But let’s talk about
your upper body (el torso), such as your chest and back. “Chest” is el
pecho, while “back” in Spanish is la espalda.

When at the doctor, they’ll listen to your lungs through your pecho
and espalda and ask you to “respirar’ or breathe.

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 What about when you have an itch you can’t reach on your back?
It’s the worst! Be prepared and ask, “me rascaras la espalda por favor?”
(Will you scratch my back, please?).

Here are other words for el torso, plus other words for todo el cuerpo in
Spanish:

 Heart: el corazon
 Lungs: los pulmones
 Muscle: el Musculo
 Skin: la piel
 Waist: la cintura
 Stomach: el estomago
 Abs: los abdominals
 Navel: el ombligo
 Shoulder: el hombre
 Breast: la pecuga or el seno
 Organs: los organos
 Intestines: los intestinos
 Kidneys: los riñones
 Liver: el higado
 Bone: el hueso
 Ribs: las costillas
 Skeleton: el esqueleto
 Spine: la espina
 Blood: la sangre

Some of the words above sound close enough to their English meaning
to be easy to remember, like estomago, intestine and espina. Others are
like words related to the English meaning. Take a look at “lungs” in
Spanish: pulmones. That sounds like “pulmonary”, which is always related
to lung issues in medicine. Same with “navel”, which is ombligo-
reminiscent of “umbilical”, the cord cut at the navel when you’re born.

Others you can get creative with. waist is easy because cintura sounds
like “cinch”. Belt- cinturon, in spanish- cinch your pants up, or think of a
corset for women which cinches the cintura. And blood, sangre looks like
sangria, the deep red Spanish wine. In fact, sangria means bleeding in
Spanish and sangria is called vino sangria- bleeding wine. Maybe not the
most appealing image, but it’s a good one to help you remember the
correct word.

Again, these are just examples, and you’ll find it even more effective if
you come up with your images and associations.

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ARM IN SPANISH

Arm in Spanish, is el brazo. With your brazo, you can dar un abrazo
or give a hug. The verb, to hug -abrazar- is very close to arm which makes
it easy to remember.

If you work out, maybe you want to flexiona tus musculos (flex your
muscles). But what if you broke your arm? Then say, Me rompi un hueso (I
broke a bone) or me rompi un brazo (I broke an arm). Then you might
need la radiografia – an x-ray.

Let’s learn the words related to your arm, right down to the fingertips:

 Elbow: el codo
 Forearm: el antebrazo
 Wrist: la muñeca
 Hand: el mano
 Palm: la palma
 Finger: el dedo
 Thumb: el pulgar
 Knuckle: el nudillo
 Fingertips: puntas de los dedos
 Fingernails: las uñas

So, what memory hacks can we use for these? The word for fingers -
dedo- reminds me of when my hand falls dead asleep and my fingers
tingle. So, I remember, “my fingers are dedo asleep.” Mano for hand
makes me think of manual. To do something manually, means to do it by
hand, so you get now!

LEG IN SPANISH

Leg in Spanish is la pierna, in English, we have the saying, “break a

leg!” to wish someone good luck. But in Spanish, you wouldn’t say
“romper una pierna!” … instead, it’s more natural to use a bit ruder
phrase- mucha mierda! Or a lot of crap!

Besides, breaking a leg… what about twisting an ankle? That would

be torcer un tobillo. The doctor might tell you to put your feet up
(levantas tu pies) or use (las muletas)-crutches.

Now, let’s work our way down through the lower body:

 Hip: la cadera

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  Butt: la culata or las nalgas (buttocks)
 Thigh: el muslo
 Knee: la rodilla
 Calf: la pantorilla
 Ankle: el tobillo
 Foot: el pie
 Heel: el talon
 Toe: el dedo del pie

When trying to remember these words, I like to start with pie. I think
about stepping in pie with my foot – what a waste of perfectly delicious
pie! But if I was to eat too much pie, it would go straight to my los
musclos – my thighs and I’d lose my muscles I’ve worked to strengthen by
running! I don’t want that, so I make sure to run my culata off and cool
down with a lotta water after.

HUMAN IN SPANISH AND THE SYSTEMS OF THE BODY

Human in Spanish is humano, so that makes it simple to learn!

And in the cuerpo humano (human body) there are many systems
that work together to keep us going. You may not use these much unless
you go to the doctors, but they’re interesting to know. Here’s your biology
refresher, in Spanish:

 Circulatory system: Sistema circulatorio

 Digestive system: Sistema digestivo
 Muscular system: Sistema muscular
 Endocrine system: Sistema endocrino
 Nervous system: Sistema nervioso
 Skeletal system: Sistema esqueletico
 Respiratory system: Sistema respiratorio
 Reproductive system: Sistema reproductive
 Excretory system: Sistema excretor
 Lymphatic system: Sistema limfatico
 Exocrine system: Sistema exocrine

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PHRASES AND IDIOMS WITH BODY PARTS IN SPANISH

Like English, there are plenty of phrases and idioms that include
body parts. Actors are told to “break a leg”. Politicians “washing their
hands” of a situation.

Spanish is no different. Here are a few Spanish phrases and idioms that
include body parts to get you started. If the phrase is an idiom, I included
the literal translation so you can see how they’re different!

 Get it off your chest: sal de tup echo

 Sleep like a log: dormir a pierna suelta (literally: sleep with a loose
leg)
 Brush your teeth: cerpilla tus dientes
 Make your mouth water: hacerse la boca agua
 Fed up: estar hasta las narices (literally: up to the noses)
 Wash your hands: lava tus manos
 Close your eyes and make a wish: Cierra tu ojos y pide un desco

Before we begin, it’s important to note that these numbers will sound a
little different in Spain than they do in Latin America. However, it’s easy
enough to understand both if you know the differences between Spanish
in Spain and the Americas.

The biggest pronunciation change you need to know when it comes to

counting in Spanish is that, in Spanish speaking countries in the Americas,
the letter “c” is pronounced as an “s” sound in when it comes before an
“e” or an “I”. For those same words, it is pronounced instead as a “th”
sound like thanks or thermometer in Spain.

Ready? Let’s go!

LEARN TO COUNT – SPANISH NUMBERS 1 TO 100

One of the fundamentals of learning any language is learning to

count. That’s why we’ve compiled a handy chart for Spanish numbers
translation that includes every number from 1 to 100.

If you’re learning Spanish, one of the best ways to learn is to set

small, achievable and specific goals- so let’s start with the Spanish
numbers 1 to 10.

SPANISH NUMBERS 1 TO 10

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 NUMERAL SPANISH PRONUNCIATION
0 Cero Sey-roh
1 Uno oo-no
2 Dos Dohs
3 Tres Trehs
4 Cuatro Koo-ah-troh
5 Cinco Seen-coh
6 Seis Say-es
7 Siete See-eh-teh
8 Otcho Oh-choh
9 Nueve Noo-eh-veh
10 Diez Dee-ehs

Okay, now that you can count to 10 Spanish, we can move on to

numbers from 11 to 20.

You’ll notice that like in English, many of these numbers share some
sounds or syllables with the numbers one to 10, but don’t quite follow a
regular pattern just yet.

Okay, now that you can count 1 to 10 in Spanish, we can move on to

numbers from 11 to 20.

You’ll notice that, like in English, many of these numbers share

some sounds or syllables with the numbers one to 10, but don’t quite
follow a regular pattern just yet.

SPANISH NUMBERS 11 TO 20

NUMERAL IN SPANISH PRONUNCIATION

11 ONCE On-say
12 DOCE Do-say
13 TRECE Trey-say
14 CATORCE Ka-tohr-say
15 QUINCE Keen-say
16 DIECICEIS Dee-eh-see-say-es
17 DIECICIETE Dee-eh-see-eh-teh
18 DIECIOTCHO Dee-eh-see-oh-choh
19 DIECINUEVE Dee-eh-see-noo-eh-
veh
20 VEINTE Bey-en-teh

Okay, now that you can count to 10 in Spanish, we can move on to

numbers from 11 to 20.

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 You’ll notice that, like in English, many of these numbers share
some sounds or syllables with the numbers one to 10, but don’t quite
follow a regular pattern just yet.

Unlike English, the Spanish numbers from 21-29 follow their own
unique format- but after that, it is smooth sailing to 100!

Once you hit 30, as with many languages, you simply need to know
the names for 30, 40, 50, and so on. You combine them with the word for
and (“y”, en español) and the numbers one through nine- which you’ve
already learned, rockstar!

Let’s see the pattern in action…

SPANISH NUMBERS 21-50

NUMERAL IN SPANISH

21 Veintiuno

22 Veintidos

23 Veintitres

24 Veinticuatro

25 Veinticinco

26 Veintiseis

27 Veintisiete

28 Veintiocho

29 Veintinueve

30 Treinta

31 Treinta y uno

32 Treinta y dos
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 33 Treinta y tres

34 Treinta y cuatro

35 Treinta y cinco

36 Treinta y seis

37 Treinta y siete

38 Treinta y ocho

39 Treinta y nueve

40 Cuarenta

41 Cuarenta y uno

42 Cuarenta y dos

43 Cuarenta y tres

44 Cuarenta y cuatro

45 Cuarenta y cinco

46 Cuarenta y seis

47 Cuarenta y siete

48 Cuarenta y ocho

49 Cuarenta y nueve

50 Cincuenta

Now that you’ve seen the Spanish numbers 1 to 50, you’re sure to
be getting the hang of counting in Spanish! From here, it is all about
learning the numbers for 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and of course 100. How do
you say 100 in Spanish? Keep scrolling to find out.

And in the meantime, if you’re in a rush and just need to know how
to say “68” in Spanish as quickly as possible, our handy chart has you
covered.

SPANISH NUMBERS 50-100

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NUMERAL IN SPANISH

51 Cincuenta y uno

52 Cincuenta y dos

53 Cincuenta y tres

54 Cincuenta y cuatro

55 Cincuenta y cinco

56 Cincuenta y seis

57 Cincuenta y siete

58 Cincuenta y ocho

59 Cincuenta y nueve

60 Sesenta

61 Sesenta y uno

62 Sesenta y dos

63 Sesenta y tres

64 Sesenta y cuatro

65 Sesenta y cinco

66 Sesenta y seis

67 Sesenta y siete

68 Sesenta y ocho

69 Sesenta y nueve

70 Setenta

71 Setenta y uno

72 Setenta y dos

73 Setenta y tres

74 Setenta y cuatro

75 Setenta y cinco
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76 Setenta y seis

77 Setenta y siete

78 Setenta y ocho

79 Setenta y nueve

80 Ochenta

81 Ochenta y uno

82 Ochenta y dos

83 Ochenta y tres

84 Ochenta y cuatro

85 Ochenta y cinco

86 Ochenta y seis

87 Ochenta y siete

88 Ochenta y ocho

89 Ochenta y nueve

90 Noventa

91 Noventa y uno

92 Noventa y dos

93 Noventa y tres

94 Noventa y cuatro

95 Noventa y cinco

96 Noventa y seis

97 Noventa y siete

98 Noventa y ocho

99 Noventa y nueve

100 cien

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SPANISH WORDS YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR EVERYDAY STUFF

When you wake up: Things In Spanish For The Morning

Do you get up right away in the mañana (morning), or do you hit

snooze on your despertador (alarm clock) many times? One of the first
things I need in the morning is a fresh cup of café (coffee) from the
cafeteria (coffee pot). Maybe you drink te (tea), or start off with a healthy
cup of aqua y limon (water and lemon).

After dehydrating, it is time for breakfast, desayuno! Huevos y tocino

(eggs and bacon) or fruta fresca (fresh fruits) make a healthy start to the
day. What other breakfast foods do you like? Here’s some vocab for
around the kitchen:

 Pan: bread
 Rosquilla: bagel
 Mantequilla: butter
 Naranja: orange
 Fresa: strawberry
 Azucar: sugar
 Leche: milk
 Jugo: juice
 Licuadora: blender
 Tostadora: toaster
 Horno: oven
 Microonda: microwave
 Congelador: freezer
 Nevera: fridge
 Estufa: stove
 Plato: plate
 Cuenco: bowl
 Tenedor: fork
 Cuchara: spoon
 Cuchillo: knife
 Vaso: cup

GETTING DRESSED: CLOTHES AND TOILETRIES IN SPANISH

Besides knowing your body parts in Spanish, you may want to talk
about things you’ll need for your cuerpo y salud (body and health). If you
are travelling and forgot your pasta dental (toothpaste), you can ask the
hotel for some complementary articulos de tocador (toiletries).

Page | 22
 But on a normal day, you’ll need to tomar una ducha (take a shower)
and vestirse (get dressed).

 Baño: bathroom
 Ducha: shower
 Armario: closet
 Ropa: clothes
 Camisa: shirt
 Pantalones: pants
 Calcetines: socks
 Zapatos: shoes
 Chaqueta: jacket
 Traje y corbata: suit and tie
 Vestido: dress
 Falda: skirt
 Papel higienico: toilet paper
 Toalla: towel
 Toallita: washcloth
 Jabon: soap
 Lavado de cuerpo: body wash
 Champu y acondicionador: shampoo and conditioner
 Desodorante: deodorant
 Maquillaje: makeup
 Creama facial: face cream
 Locion corporal: body lotion
 Maquinilla de afeitar: razor
 Cepillo: hairbrush
 Cepillo dental: toothbrush

EATING OUT

Besides talking about the weather, food and drinks are a universal
conversation starter. I personally love the rich food culture in Spanish and
taking time for sobremesa- chitchat “over the table” with good company
and good food.

Here are some common food vocabularies to know. Also, if you have
food allergies, you should make sure to memorize those words first! Then
you can use the phrase soy alergico al ___ to let the server at a restaurant
know.

 Comida: food

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  Almuerzo: lunch
 Cena: dinner
 Bocadillo: snack
 Postre: dessert
 Carne: meat
 Verduras: vegetables
 Arroz: rice
 Queso: cheese
 Ensalada: salad
 Pastas: pasta
 Sopa: soup
 Jamon: ham
 Pescado: fish
 Res: beef
 Pollo: chicken
 Cerdo: pork
 Mariscos: shrimp
 Cacahuate: peanut
 Champiñon: muchroom
 Tomate: tomato
 Cebolla: onion
 Patata: potato
 Ajo: garlic
 Frijoles: beans
 Trigo: wheat
 Sal y pimiento: salt and pepper
 Hierbas y especias: herbs and spices
 Las bebidas: drinks
 Cerveza: beer
 Vino: wine
 Cola: soda
 Restaurante: restaurant
 Cuenta: check
 Menu: menu
 Camarero: server
 Orden: order

AROUND THE HOUSE

Heading home after work, you’ll unlock your Puerta (door) with your
llave (key). Do you first watch television (TV) on the sofa (couch)? If you
have kids, maybe you spend time together playing with juguetes (toys).
Or play fetch with your perro (dog) outside on your cesped (lawn).

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 Especially if you’re trying to teach your kids Spanish at home, knowing
vocabulary for things around your house will be helpful. You can start
speaking to your children in Spanish and encourage them to learn what’s
around them as well. Try labelling things with sticky notes so you see the
Spanish words every time you look at them!

 Ventana: window
 Mesa de café: coffee table
 Mesita: side table
 Sillon: armchair
 Piso: floor
 Lampara: lamp
 Alfombra: rug
 Cama: bed
 Almohada: pillow
 Manta: blanket
 Lavanderia: laundry
 Cuarto de lavado: laundry room
 Cuna: crib
 Perrera: kennel
 Caja de arena: litter box
 Estante: shelf or bookcase
 Espejo: mirror
 Habitacion: bedroom
 Sotano: basement
 Escalera: stairs

HOBBIES AND ENTERTAINMENT

Last, let’s look at some ways you unwind at the end of the day and
spend your tiempo libre (free time)! ‘HOBBY” in Spanish is pasatiempo.
So, what do you enjoy doing? Do you look like to cook, cocinar? Or are you
a fan de los deportes “fan of sports”? In Spain, futbol- “football” or soccer
in the US – is a major event. Friends, or amigos, get together for good
food, cerveza, and a fan time yelling at the TV.

Maybe you prefer quitter activities like reading, leer. Or you prefer
rock and roll, and enjoy tocar un instrument musical (playing a musical
instrument). If you’re a movie buff, then you enjoy cine (movies) or
perhaps teatro (theatre).

Here are other hobbies to talk about:

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  Nadar: swimming
 Pescar: fishing
 Baloncesto: basketball
 Beisbol: baseball
 Ejercicio: exercise
 Corer: running
 Coleccionar: collecting
 Videojuegos: video games
 Dibujar: drawing
 Pintar: painting
 Arte: art
 Amerdizaje de idiomas: language learning
 Jardineria: gardening
 Volunteria: volunteering
 Meditacion: meditation
 Exercionismo: hiking
 Tejer: knitting
 Bailar: dancing

Build you confidence up by starting with some basic words to start

building your Spanish word bank:

 Hola = hello
 Adios = goodbye
 Por favor = please
 Gracias = thank you
 Lo siento = sorry
 Salud = bless you (after someone sneezes)
 Si = yes
 No = no
 Quien? = who?
 Que? = what?
 Por que? = why?
 Donde? = where?

Now that we’ve got a handle on a few basic Spanish vocabulary words,
we can dive into the conversational phrases that’ll help you ease into real-
world conversations.

The basic conversational building blocks are a great place to start.

Simple phrases like good morning, how are you, etc. grease the wheels of
daily conversation in most every language, including Spanish.

 Buenos dias = good morning

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  Buenas tardes = good afternoon
 Buenas noches = good evening
 Hola, me llano Juan = hello, my name is John
 Me llamo… = my name is…
 ¿Cómo te llamas? = what’s your name?
 Mucho gusto = nice to meet you
 ¿Cómo estas? = how are you?
 Estoy bien, gracias = I’m well thank you
 Disculpa. ¿Dónde esta el baño? = excuse me? where is the
bathroom?
 ¿Qué hora es? = what time is it?
 ¿Cómo se dice ‘concert’ en español? = how do you say ‘concert’ in
Spanish?
 Estoy perdido/a= I am lost
 Yo no comprendo = I do not understand
 Por favor, habla más despacio = would you speak slower, please
 Te extraño = I miss you
 Te quiero = I love you

BONUS: SPANISH WORDS FOR MUSIC LOVERS

 DESPACITO = SLOWLY
 MI GENTE = MY PEOPLE
 BAILANDO = DANCING
 BESAME MUCHO = KISS ME A LOT
 GASOLINA = GASOLINE
 LA BICICLETA = THE BICYCLE
 SIN PIJAMA = WITHOUT PAJAMAS
 BELLA = BEAUTIFUL
 CLANDESTINO = CLANDESTINE OR SECRET
 NO ME ACUERDO = I DON’T REMEMBER

THE 100 MOST COMMON WORDS IN SPOKEN SPANISH

RANK WORD IN SPANISH MEANING IN ENGLISH

1 que that
2 de of, from
3 no no
4 a to
5 la the
(for singular feminine nouns)

6 el the
for singular masculine nouns)
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7 es he is, she is, it is
(for essential characteristics)

8 y and
9 en in, on, at
10 lo it, him (direct – object pronoun)
11 un a, an (for singular masculine nouns)
12 por for, by, through
13 qué what/how (as in “how nice!”)
14 me me, myself
15 una a, an (for singular feminine nouns)
16 te you – (direct-object pronoun)
17 los the (for plural masculine nouns)
18 se himself, herself, itself
19 con with
20 para for, to
21 mi my
22 está he is, she is, it is (non-permanent
characteristics)
23 si if
24 bien well, good
25 pero but
26 yo i
27 eso that
28 las the (for plural feminine nouns)
29 sí yes
30 su his, her, its
31 tu your
32 aqui here
33 del of the, from the, in the
34 al to the
35 como how, as, like
36 le 3him, her, formal you (indirect object
pronoun)
37 más more
38 esto this (for singular feminine nouns)
39 ya already
40 todo everything
41 esta this one (for singular feminine nouns)
42 vamos let’s go, come on
43 muy very
44 hay there is
45 ahora now
46 algo something
47 estoy i am (non-permanent characteristics)
48 tengo i have

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49 nos us
50 tú you
51 nada nothing
52 cuando when
53 ha he has, she has, it has (auxiliary)
54 este this one (for singular masculine
nouns)
55 sé i know
56 estás you are (non-permanent
characteristics)
57 así like this
58 puedo i can
59 cómo how
60 quireo i want
61 solo only, just
62 soy i am (for essential characteristics)
63 tiene he has, she has, it has
64 gracias thank you
65 o or
66 él he
67 bueno good
68 fue he was, she was, it was
69 ser to be (for permanent characteristics)
70 hacer to do, to make
71 son they are (for permanent
characteristics)
72 todos all of us, all of them
73 era he was, she was, it was (permanent
characteristics)
74 eres you are (permanent characteristics)
75 vez time (as in “one time”)
76 tienes you have
77 creo i believe
78 ella she
79 he i have (auxiliary)
80 ese that one
81 voy i go
82 puede he can, she can, it can
83 sabes you know
84 hola hello
85 sus his, her (fro plural nouns)
86 porque because
87 Dios God
88 quén who
89 nunca never
90 dónde where
91 quieres you want

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 92 casa house
93 favor favor
94 esa that one (for singular feminine nouns)
95 dos two
96 tan so
97 señor mister
98 tiempo time
99 verdad truth
100 estaba i was (non-permanent characteristics)

101 CORE SPANISH WORDS

36 Core Spanish Nouns

These will be your most helpful nouns starting out. Of course, you
may have different nouns you use in everyday life… And you can change
this list according to that! But since we’re going by word frequency here,
these words will be useful to know.

 Spanish Nouns for Time

 Vez – “One Time”
 Hoy – “Today”
 Man͂ana – “Tomorrow”
 Ayer – “Yesterday”
 Hora – “Hour”
 An͂o – “Year”
 Dia – “Day”
 Semana – “Week”
 Antes – “Before”
 Después – “After”
 Tiempo – “Time” or “Weather”

 Spanish Nouns for Places

 Aqui – “Here”
 Alli – “There”
 Ahora – “Now”
 Sitio – “Place”
 Escuela – “School”
 Tienda – “Shop”
 Ban͂o – “Bathroom”
 Ciudad – “City”
 Pais – “Country”
Page | 30
  Spanish Nouns for Things
 Cosa – “Thing”
 Nada – “Nothing”
 Algo – “Something”
 Este/Esto/Esta – “This” or “This one”
 Ese/Eso/Esa – “That” or “That one”
 Casa – “House”
 Coche – “Car”
 Idioma – “Language”
 Agua – “Water”
 Pelicula – “Movie”

 Spanish Nouns for People

 Hombre – “Man”
 Mujer – “Woman”
 Chico/Chica – “Boy”/ “Girl”
 Amigo – “Friend”
 Persona – “Person”
 Familia – “Family”

25 Core Spanish Verbs

These are the most common Spanish verbs, and you can say quite a
lot with only these 25 Spanish words! The first six verbs listed, specially.
These verbs are often used with other verbs to create more complex
sentences.
A couple of notes here. The first two verbs, ser and estar both mean
“to be”. But ser is used for permanent situations. For example, “soy
Caitlin” means “I am Caitlin”. (Soy is ser conjugated for the first person).
We use soy because my name is Caitlin, and unless I decide to change it,
it will always be Caitlin.
Estar is used for situations that could change. For example, “estoy
bien” means “I’m fine”. (Estoy is estar conjugated for the first person as
well). We use estar for this because I’m fine right now… But tomorrow,
who knows? Maybe it’ll be a rough day, and I’m actually “estoy no bien.”
(Or “not well”).
 Ser – “To be” (permanent)
 Estar – “To be” (non-permanent)
 Haber – “To have”, “To exist”
 Tener – “To have”, “To own”
 Hacer – “To do”, “To make”
 Poder – “Can do”
 Ver – “To see”
Page | 31
  Ir – “To go”
 Dar – “To give”
 Saber – “To know”
 Querer – “To want”, “To love”
 Creer – “To believe”
 Hablar – “To talk”
 Llevar – “To carry”
 Encontrar – “To find”
 Gustar – “To like”
 Decir – “To like”
 Venir – “To come”
 Pensar – “To think”
 Entender – “To understand”
 Leer – “To read”
 Comer – “To eat”
 Beber – “To drink”
 Trabahar – “To work”
 Usar – “To use”

31 Basic Spanish Adjectives and Adverbs

These adjectives will come in handy all the time in Spanish! It’s a
good idea to memorize them in sets whenever possible. Like mucho for “a
lot” and poco for “a few”. This way you can associate the two words
together, making them easier to remember.
And words like bueno can also be used as connecting words. Because
bueno is so common, in some dialects like Mexican Spanish, it’s used to
say “well then”, “okay”, or “anyway…”
 Todo – “All”, “Every”
 Alguno – “Some”
 Más – “More”
 Menos – “Less”
 Muy – “Very”
 Mucho – “A lot”
 Otro – “Other”
 Casi – “Almost”
 Mismo – “Same”
 Asi – “Like this”
 También – “Also”
 Hasta – “Until, Even”
 Grande – “Large”
 Pequen͂o – “Small”
 Bien – “Well”
 Poco – “A little bit”
 Siempre – “Always”
 Nunca – “Never”
Page | 32
  Cada – “Each”
 Nuevo – “New”
 Antigua – “Old”
 Bueno – “Good”
 Mal – “Bad”
 Alto – “High”
 Bajo – “Low”
 Lejos – “Far”
 Cerca – “Near”
 Hermosa – “Beautiful”
 Feo – “Ugly”
 Dificil – “Difficult”
 Fácil – “Easy”

9 Common Spanish Words for Conjunctions and Connectors

Conjunctions and connectors help your speech flow in a natural way.
They help you make more complex sentences, as well as pause for
thought without adding awkward silence to your conversations.
Conversation connectors are a valuable tool for your first conversations in
Spanish. So, here are the nine most common to help you get started:
 Que – “That”, “Which”
 Como – “Like”, “As”
 Pero – “But”
 Porque – “Because”
 Entonces – “So”, “Then”
 Pues – “Well then”
 Aunque – “Although”
 Mientras – “While”
 Además – “Besides that”

10 Easy Spanish Conversation Dialogs for Beginners

In this easy guide, you’ll learn to say things like:
 How to introduce yourself in Spanish
 Ask what things are
 Greet & ask “how are you” in Spanish
 and much more.

 1. Greetings

Page | 33
  1: Hola! ¿Qué tal todo?
 (Oh-lah! Kay tahl toh-doh?)
 Hi! How’s everything?

 2: Todo bien, ¿y tú? ¿Qué hay de nuevo?

 (Toh-doh bee-en, ee too? Kay aye deh new-eh-vo?)
 All is well, how about you? What’s new?

 1: Estoy emocionada porque este fine de semana es mi

cumplean͂os!
 (Eh-stoy eh-moh-see-oh-nah-dah poor-kay eh-stay feen
deh seh-mah-nah ehs meecoom-play-ah-nyos!)
 I’m excited about this weekend because it’s my
birthday.

 2: ¡Feliz cumplean͂os! ¡Vamos a la fiesta!

 (Feh-lee-s coom-play-ah-nyos! Vah-mohs ah la fee-est-
ah!)
 Happy birthday! Let’s go to the party!

2. Introductions

Page | 34
 If you want to learn how to introduce yourself in Spanish, you’ll want
this Spanish conversation.
 1: Hola a todos y todas, me Ilamo Katia.
 (Oh-lah ah toh-dohs ee toh-dahs, meh yah-moh Katia.)
 Hi everyone, my name is Katia.

 2: Buenos días, Katia, mucho gusto.

 (Bwen-ohs dee-ahs, Katia, moo-ch-oh goo-stow)
 Good morning, Katia. Nice to meet you.

 3: Un placer, Katia. Yo me Ilamo Cosmin.

 (Ew-n plah-ser, Katia. Yo meh ya-moh Cosmin.)
 A pleasure to meet you, Katia. My name is Cosmin.

 1: Muchas gracias por la invitación.

 (Moo-ch-ahs grah-see-ahs pohr lah in-vee-tah-see-ohn.)
 Thanks very much for the invitation.

Page | 35
3. Ordering Food

Next up is ordering food. If you do it often in English, you’ll definitely

need to do it in Spanish.
 1: ¿Qué quieres para beber?
 (Kay key-eres pah-rah beh-bear?)
 What would you like to drink?

 2: ¿Qué hay?
 (Kay aye?)
 What is there?

 1: Tenemos refrescos, vino, cerveza, café o té.

 (The-neh-mohs reh-freh-skos, vee-noh, ser-veh-sah, cah-
feh oh teh.)
 We have sodas, wine, beer, coffee or tea.

 2: Para mi, un té de manzanilla.

 (Pah-rah mee, ew-n teh deh mahn-zah-nee-yah.)
 A chamomile tea for me.

 1: ¿Y para comer?
 (Ee pah-rah coh-mehr?)
 And to eat?

 2: Me gustaria el arroz con pollo, por favor.

 (Meh goo-stah-ree-ah el ah-rose kohn poh-yo, pohr fah-
vor.)
 I would like the rice with chicken, please.

Page | 36
4. Talking About Prices

^¡Ojo! Para expresser precios con céntimos o centavos decimos lo

sigulente: Son 5,40 > Son cinco con cuarenta.
This Spanish conversation just covers the basics of shopping: asking
“how much.”
 1: Buenos dias. ¿Cuánto cuesta el imán?
 (Bwen-ohs dee-ah. Kwanto kwesta el ee-mahn?
 Good morning. How much does the magnet cost?

 2: Dos (2) pesos. Hay una oferta para cinco (5) a nueve (9) pesos.
 (D-oh-s peh-sohs. Aye uhna oh-fer-tah pah-rah seen-koh
ah new-eh-veh peh-sohs.)
 Two peos. There is a special price of five for nine pesos.

 1: Me gustaría tres (3) imanes. ¿ Cuánto sería?

 (Meh goo-stah-ree-ah tr-ehs ee-mahn-ehs. Kwanto sehr-
ee-ah?)
 I would like these magnets.how much would it be?

 2: Seis (6) pesos en total.

 (Say-ee-s peh-sohs en toe-tal.)
 Six pesos in total.

Page | 37
5. Asking for the Bill

You already know how to order food. But how about the bill?
 1: La cuenta, por favor.
 (Lah kwentah, pohr fah-vohr.)
 The bill, please.

 2: Ahora te la traigo.
 (Ah-orah teh lah try-go.)
 I will bring it right away.

 1: ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta?

 (Pwe-doh pah-gahr cohn tahr-het-ah?)
 Can I pay with a credit card?

 2: Claro que sí. Sólo te pido la firma.

 (Klah-roh kay see. Soh-loh the pee-koh la fear-mah.)
 Of course. I just ask for your signature.

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6. Preferences

This is a useful basis Spanish conversation. Talking about preferences

is a common thing to do so this will serve you well.

 1: ¿Qué te gusta comer? ¿Adónde quieres cenar?

 (Kay the goo-stah cohmer? Ah-doh-ndeh key-eres seh-
nahr?)
 What do you like to eat? Where do you want to eat
dinner?

 2: A mi me gusta la comida italiana, puruana y tailandesa.

 (A mee, meh goo-stah lah coh-mee-dah ee-tahl-ee-ahna,
peh-roo-ahna eeta-ee-land-ehsa.)
 I like Italian, Peruvian and Thai food.

 1: Me parece Buena idea. A mí me apetece comer mariscos.

 (Meh pah-reh-seh bwen-ah ee-deah. Ah mee meh ah-
peh-eh-seh.)
 Sounds like a good idea to me. I am craving seafood.

 2: Vamos a comer ceviche entonces en un restaurant peruano.

 (Vah-mohs ah coh-mer se-vee-che ehn-ton-ses ehn ewn
restaurant-eh peh-roo-ahno.)
 Then let’s go eat ceviche at Peruvian restaurant.

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7. Introducing Family

Okay, you know how to introduce yourself but what about your family?
This Spanish conversation will take care of it.
 1: Ella es mi madre.
 (Eh-ya es mee mah-dreh.)
 This is my mother.

 2: ¡Qué lindo conocerte! Se parecen mucho.

 (Kay leen-doh koh-no-ser-teh! Seh pah-reh-sen moo-ch-
oh.)
 How very nice to meet you. You look very much alike.

 1: A veces, me preguntan si es mi hermana.

 (Ah veh-ses, meh preh-goon-tahn see es mee er-mah-
nah.)
 Sometimes, people ask me if she is sister.

 2: ¿Tienes otros hermanos y hermanas?

 (Tee-eh-nehs oh-troh-s er-mah-nohs ee er-mah-nahs?
 Do you have other brothers and sisters?

 1: Sí, un hermano mayor y una hermana menor.

 (See, ewn er-mah-noh my-ore ee ewna er-mah-nah
meh-nohr.)
 Yes, an older brother and a younger sister.

8. Agreeing
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 Agreeing is a great way to…get people to like you! I mean, who
wants to hang around someone that’s shooting down everything you say.
So, it’s good to know how to agree in Spanish. Especially about music.
Check this Basic Spanish conversation out.
 1: ¡Ésta canción es mi favorite! Es lo máximo.
 (Eh-stah kahn-see-ohn es mee fah-voh-reetah! Es loh
mah-ximo.)
 This song is my favorite! It’s the best!

 2: Estoy de acuerdo. La música es muy Buena.

 (Eh-stoy deh ak-werdo. La moo-see-kah es moo-ey
bwen-ah.)
 I agree! The music is very good.

 1: Me gusta el video musical y el baile.

 (Meh goo-stah el video moo-see-kal ee el by-ley.)
 I like the music video and the dance.

 2: ¡Yo también!
 (Yo tam-bee-en.)
 Me too.

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9. Declining

And sometimes, you should shoot things down. Like when someone
wants something of you. So, here, you’ll learn how to decline in Spanish.
 1. ¿Te gustaria viajar conmigo a Quito?
 (Teh goo-stah-ree-ah vee-ah-har cohn mee-go ah Kito?)
 Would you like to travel with me in Quito?

 2. No, pero gracias por la invitación.

 (No, peh-ro grah-see-ahs pohr la in-vee-ta-see-ohn.)
 No, but thanks for the invitation.

 1. ¿Tal vez vamos de viaje otro fin de semana?

 (Tal vehs vah-mohs deh vee-ah-hay oh-troh feen deh she-mah-
nah?)
 Maybe we could go on a trip some other weekend?

 2. No puedo. Trabajo los fines de semana.

 (No pwedo. Trah-baho lohs feen-es de she-mah-na.)
 I can’t. I work on the weekends.

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 FORMAS DE EXPRESSION PARA DIFFERENTES OCCASIONES
PARA PREGUNTAR
(TO ASK)
Qué Quién
(What) (Who)
Qué hora es? Quién es esa seńorita?
What time is it? Who is that lady?

Qué pasa? Quién enseńa espańol?

What’s happening? Who teaches Spanish?

Qué noticias hay? Quién viene?

What’s the news? Who’s coming?

Qué hay de nuevo? De quién es esto?

What’s new? Whose is this?

Qué dices? Con quién vives?

What do you say? With whom do you live?

Qué es eso? Para quién es el regalo?

What’s that? For whom is this gift?

Qué dice el, ella? A quién Ilamas?

What does he, she say? With whom do you wish to
speak?
Qué me cuentas?
What can you tell me? Quién vino esta mańana?
Who came this morning?
Qué día es hoy?
What day is it today?

Dónde Cuándo
(Where) (When)
Dónde vives? Cuándo te graduas?
Where do you live? When are you graduating?

Dónde esta mi libro? Desde cuándo estuviste

Where’s my book? enfermo?
Since when were you sick?
De dónde eres?
Where are you from? Hasta cuándo piensas estar en
Baguio?
A dónde vas? Till when do you intend to stay in
Where are you going? Baguio?
Page | 43
 Cuándo empiezan las clases?
When will classes start?

PARA LLAMAR LA ATENCION

(TO CALL ATTENTION)
Por favor, senorita (senora caballero) Please, madam, sir.

Un momento, por favor. Just a moment, please.

Oiga un segundo. Listen, for a moment.
Una palabra seńora, seńorita, Could I have a word with you?
caballero.
Podriá hablarle un ratito? Could I talk with you for a
second?
Escucha, por favor. Listen, please.
Me permite un momento? Could you give me a second?
Respuestas:
Si, diga. Yes, tell me.
Claro, siga Vd. Sure, go ahead.
En qué puedo servirle? What can I do for you?
A sus ordenes, seńora, seńorita. At your service, madam?

PARA DAR LA HORA, EL DIA, LA FECHA

(TO TELL TIME, DAY, DATE)
Es la una. It’s one o’clock.
Son las dos. It’s two o’clock.
Son las tres. It’s three o’clock.
Son las sais y, cuarto. It’s six fifteen.
Son las doce, menos cuarto. It’s quarter of twelve.
Son las cinco en punto. It’s five sharp.
Hoy es miercoles. It’s Wednesday today.
Estamos a siete hoy. It’s the seventh day.

Page | 44
Mańana es jueves. Tomorrow is Thursday.
Hoy les miércoles, 7 de Octubre. Today is Wednesday, Oct. 7.
El domingo es 4 de Febrero. It’s February 4 on Sunday.
El mes que viene es Julio. Next month is July.
El 30 de Septiembre es campleańos It’s Noemi’s birthday on
de Noemi. September 30.

EN EL RESTAURANTE
(AT THE RESTAURANTS)
Mozo, quiere darme una taza de café. Waiter, please give me a cup of
coffee.
Por favour, deme usted una cerveza. Please, give me a beer.
Tenga la bondad de traerma Please give me a ham
emparedados de jamon, queso, sandwich, cheese, egg.
huevo.

Un plato de arroz. A plate of rice.

Un plato de patatas fritas. A plate of fried potatoes.
Vuestro plato especial. Your specialty.
Una raja de tarta de pinna. A slice of pineapple pie.
Me enseńa la carta. Please show me the menu.
Quisiera pedir la cuenta por favor. May I have the chit please.

EN LA MESA
(IN THE TABLE)
Por favor, me pasas el vinagre. Please pass the vinegar.
Por favor, me pasas la azucarela Please pass the sugar bowl
Por favor, me pasas la mantequilla Please pass the butter

Echame un poco de vino, agua. Please pour me some more

water.
Poe favor, ponme mas arroz. Please give me some more rice.
Por favor, me das pan, café. Please give me bread, coffee.

Note:

Page | 45
 When one has to get up from the table earlier than the others who
are still eating, he/she says:
Que aprovechen - Excuse me, enjoy your food

EN UL ALMACEN
(IN A DEPARTMENT STORE)

Cuánto cuesta la blusa, el vestido? How much is the blouse, dress?

Cuánto vale es pańuelo? How much is the kerchief?

A cuánto valen los pańolitos? How much are the handkerchiefs?

Cuánto cuesta esto? How much is this?

Cómo vale el paraguas? How much is the umbrella?

Qué precio tiene el florero? How much is the flower vase?

Por favor ponga usted los articulos Please put the articles in the bag.
en una bolsa.

Me quiera dar una bolsa las los Would you give me a bag for the
articulos? articles.

Tenga la bondad de Please wrap them all.

empaquertarlos bien.

EN LA CALLE
(ON THE STREET)
Podria decirme donde esta la calle Could you tell me where Mendiola
meniola? street is?

Por favor, como se llega a la calle How do I get to Lepanto Street

Lepanto. please?

Estan amabale de dirigirme hacia Would you be kind enough to

Page | 46
la oficina de correros? guide me towards the post office?

Hage el favor de guiarme a la Please show me the way to the

Universidad del este U.E.

FELITACIONES
CUMPLEAÑOS
(BIRTHDAY)
Felicidades Happy birthday.

Felicidades, y muchos años de Many happy returns.

vida.

GRADUACION
(GRADUATION)
Enhorabuena Congratulations.

Enhorabuena, mucha suerte. Congratulations and good luck.

Buena hora, que tengas suerte. Congratulations and good luck to

you.

NAVIDADES
(CHRISTMAS SEASON)
Felices pascuas. Merry Christmas.
Te deseo unas navidades muy
felices.

Feliz año. Happy new year.

Feliz año nuevo.

Page | 47
Felices pascuas y próspero año Merry Christmas and a happy new
nuevo. year.

Que tenga y, Buena entrada del May you have a good year’s start.
año.

RESPUESTAS
(RESPONSE)
Gracias, muy amable. Thanks.
Gracias.

Gracias, igualmente. Thanks, same to you.

A usted Tambien. Same to you.

Iguamente a usted.
Que la tenga igual.

AFFIRMACIONES
(AFFIRMATIONS)

Sí señora Yes, ma’am.

SPANISH WORDS
Ambos both
Amigo friend
Amistad friendship
Amo Master
Amor Love
Amplio A large
Anciano Old man
Andar To walk, go on
Animal Animal, beast
Anoche Last night
Page | 48
Ante Before, in the presence of
Anteayer Day before yesterday
Anteojos Eye glass
Antiguo Ancient, old
Anuncilar To announce
Año Year
Apenas To support, confirm
Aprender To learn
Aprovechar To take advantage of, make us of
Aquel, aquella, os, as That, those, the former
Aqui Here
Arbol Tree
Armario Wardrobe, closet
arrancar To pull (out)
Arrastar To pull, drag
Arreglar To arrange, fix
Arriba Upstair, above
El articulo Article
El artista Artist
Asegurar To assure, assert, secure; put on
asunto Matter, subject, point
Aunque Although, even, though
Avenida Avenue
Avion Airplaine
Avisar To inform, advise
Ay Alas!
Ayer Yesterday
Ayuda Aid, help
Bailar To dance
Badjar (de) Get off, descend, come down,
lower
Badjo/a Low, lower; prep. Under/balcony
balcon balcony
banco bank; bench
bańarse to bathe
el bańo bath
barato a cheap
beber to drink
la bebida drink
besar a kiss
beso kiss
billete bill, bank note; note
bizcocho cookie
blusa blouse
bondad kindness
bostezar to yawn
botica drugstore

Page | 49
bravo-a brave, bold
brazo arm
butaca arm chair
buzon mailbox
caballero gentlemen
caballo horse
cabello hair
cabeza head
cada each, every
caer to fall
cafe coffee
caja box, case
cajon drawer
calcetin socks
caliente hot, warm
calor hot, warm (weather)
cama bed
cambio change
caminar to walk
camion truck
camisa shirt
campo field, country
cancion song
cara face, look
caridad charity, kindness
carińo affection, love
carne meat
carrera career, course, education
carta letter
cartero letter carrier, mailman, postman
Casa house, firm
en casa at home
casar (con) to marry
casi almost
celebrar to celebrate
cena supper
cenar to eat supper
cerca near
ciego blind man
cielo sky, heaven
cigarillo ciggarette
cine movie
cita date, appointment
ciudad city
claramente clearly
claro clear, evident; adv. of course,
certainly

Page | 50
cobrar to cash, collect, charge
cocer to cook
cocina kitchen
coche car, cab, coach
coger to catch, take, pick, gather, seize
comedor dining room
comer to eat
comercio commerce, trade, business
comestibles groceries
comida meal, food, dinner
compańero companion
compańia company
complacer to plaese
completamente completely
comprar to buy
condicion condition, state
conductor conductor
coferencia conference, conversation, lecture
confianza confident
conmigo with me
conocer to know (persons), be aquainted
consejo advice
construction construction
contar
Contener to contain
contento happy, pleased, contented
contigo with you
contribucion contribution
corazon heart
corbata necktie
correo mail
cortesia courteousy
cosmetic cosmetic
creer to believe, think
Ya lo creo of course, yes indeed, certainly
Criada made
Criado servant, house boy
Cristiano-a Christian
Cruzar to cross
Cualidad quality
Cuando when?
Cuarto room
Cubierta a covered
Cubrir to cover
Cuchillo knife
Cuello neck collar
Cuenta account

Page | 51
Cuento story, tale
Cuero leather
Cuerpo body
La cuestion care, worry
Cuidar to take care for, to take care of
Culpa blame
Cultura culture
Cultural cultural
Cumpleaños birthday
Cumplir (con) to fulfill, do, carry out, keep,
promise
Curar to cure
Curso course
Charlar to chat
Chico boy, lad
Daño harm
Dar to give, produce
De of, from; about
Debajo de beneath
Deber to owe, should, must
debil weak
decir to say, tell, mean
dedo finger
dejar to leave (behind), let, allow
delante in front, ahead
dentista dentist
dependiente clerk
derecho straight
desayuno breakfast
descansar to rest
desear to desire, wish, want
la desgracia misfortune
desilusionado-a disillusioned, disappointed
despacho office, study
despertar to awaken
despues afterward, later
detalle detail
detras behind
deuda dept
dia day
dialogo dialogue
dice, dicen see decir
dicho of decir
diente tooth
diez ten
dificultad difficulty
dignidad dignity

Page | 52
dinero money
disgusto disgusted, displeasure
distancia distance
distrito district
dividir to divide
doble double
la docena dozen
doctor doctor
dolar dollar
domingo Sunday
donde where, in which, a place where
dormir to sleep, relax, go to sleep, fall
asleep
dos two
duda doubt
dueńo surot
dulce sweet
fiesta festival, fiesta
fin end
firma to sign
forma form
fortaleza fortitude
fortuna fortune, luck
frabayer postage
frente forehead
frio cold
fuego fire
gafas specktacles, eye glasses
gato cat
generalmente generally
gente people
gordo-a fat, large
gozar to enjoy
graduarse to graduate, be graduated
grande large, great
guapo-a handsome
gustar to like, be pleasing to
gusto pleasure
haber to have
hay there is
habitacion room
habitante inhabitant
hablar to talk, speak
hambre hunger
helado frozen
herida wound
hermana sister

Page | 53
hermoso pretty, beautiful
hielo ice
hierba grass
hija daughter
hijo son
hilo thread
historia history
hoja leaf
hombre man
hombro shoulder
hora hour, time (of day)

Page | 54